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Objects exhibit body model like shape distortions
Saulton, Aurelie,Dodds, Trevor J.,Bü,lthoff, Heinrich H.,de la Rosa, Stephan Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Experimental brain research Vol.233 No.5
<P>Accurate knowledge about size and shape of the body derived from somatosensation is important to locate one’s own body in space. The internal representation of these body metrics (body model) has been assessed by contrasting the distortions of participants’ body estimates across two types of tasks (localization task vs. template matching task). Here, we examined to which extent this contrast is linked to the human body. We compared participants’ shape estimates of their own hand and non-corporeal objects (rake, post-it pad, CD-box) between a localization task and a template matching task. While most items were perceived accurately in the visual template matching task, they appeared to be distorted in the localization task. All items’ distortions were characterized by larger length underestimation compared to width. This pattern of distortion was maintained across orientation for the rake item only, suggesting that the biases measured on the rake were bound to an item-centric reference frame. This was previously assumed to be the case only for the hand. Although similar results can be found between non-corporeal items and the hand, the hand appears significantly more distorted than other items in the localization task. Therefore, we conclude that the magnitude of the distortions measured in the localization task is specific to the hand. Our results are in line with the idea that the localization task for the hand measures contributions of both an implicit body model that is not utilized in landmark localization with objects and other factors that are common to objects and the hand.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4221-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
Utility of liver function tests in acute cholecystitis
Hady Zgheib,Cynthia Wakil,Sami Shayya,Aurelie Mailhac,Muhyeddine Al-Taki,Mazen El Sayed,Hani Tamim 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.3
Backgrounds/Aims: Common bile duct stones (CBDS) affect the management of acute cholecystitis (AC). This study aims to investigate the utility of liver function tests (LFTs) in predicting the presence of CBDS in AC patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult patients with AC found in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2008 to 2016. Patients were classified into two groups, without CBDS (AC<SUP>‒</SUP>) and with CBDS (AC<SUP>+</SUP>). LFT results namely total bilirubin, SGOT and ALP were collected and categorized into normal and abnormal with the cut-offs of 1.2 mg/dl for total bilirubin, 40 U/L for SGOT and 120 IU/L for ALP. Measures of diagnostic accuracy for individual and combinations of LFTs were computed. Results: A total of 32,839 patients were included in the study, with 8,801 (26.8%) AC<SUP>+</SUP> and 24,038 (73.2%) AC<SUP>‒</SUP> patients. Their mean age was 52.4 (±18.6) years and over half (59.1%) were females. Mean LFT results were significantly higher in the AC<SUP>+</SUP> group for total bilirubin (1.82 vs 0.97), SGOT (110.9 vs 53.3) and ALP (164.4 vs 102.3) (p<0.0001). The proportions of abnomal LFTs were significantly higher in the AC+ group for total bilirubin (47.7% vs 20.2%), SGOT (62.8% vs 27.1%) and ALP (56.6% vs 21.0%) (p<0.0001). Among AC<SUP>+</SUP>, the odds of having abnormal results for bilirubin, SGOT and ALP were found to be 3.61, 4.54 and 4.90 times higher than among AC<SUP>‒</SUP>, respectively. Conclusions: Abnormal LFTs are strong predictors for the presence of CBDS in patients with AC. Normal LFTs should be interpreted with caution as some patients with AC and CBDS might not present with characteristic abnormalities in results.
Voltage tuning of thermal spin current in ferromagnetic tunnel contacts to semiconductors
Jeon, Kun-Rok,Min, Byoung-Chul,Spiesser, Aurelie,Saito, Hidekazu,Shin, Sung-Chul,Yuasa, Shinji,Jansen, Ron Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.13 No.4
Spin currents are paramount to manipulate the magnetization of ferromagnetic elements in spin-based memory, logic and microwave devices, and to induce spin polarization in non-magnetic materials. A unique approach to create spin currents employs thermal gradients and heat flow. Here we demonstrate that a thermal spin current can be tuned conveniently by a voltage. In magnetic tunnel contacts to semiconductors (silicon and germanium), it is shown that a modest voltage (~200 mV) changes the thermal spin current induced by Seebeck spin tunnelling by a factor of five, because it modifies the relevant tunnelling states and thereby the spin-dependent thermoelectric parameters. The magnitude and direction of the spin current is also modulated by combining electrical and thermal spin currents with equal or opposite sign. The results demonstrate that spin-dependent thermoelectric properties away from the Fermi energy are accessible, and open the way towards tailoring thermal spin currents and torques by voltage, rather than material design.
Beyaz, Semir,Kim, Ji Hyung,Pinello, Luca,Xifaras, Michael E,Hu, Yu,Huang, Jialiang,Kerenyi, Marc A,Das, Partha P,Barnitz, R Anthony,Herault, Aurelie,Dogum, Rizkullah,Haining, W Nicholas,Yilmaz, Ö NATURE AMERICA INC 2017 NATURE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.18 No.2
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are innate-like lymphocytes that protect against infection, autoimmune disease and cancer. However, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of iNKT cell development. Here we found that the H3K27me3 histone demethylase UTX was an essential cell-intrinsic factor that controlled an iNKT-cell lineage-specific gene-expression program and epigenetic landscape in a demethylase-activity-dependent manner. UTX-deficient iNKT cells exhibited impaired expression of iNKT cell signature genes due to a decrease in activation-associated H3K4me3 marks and an increase in repressive H3K27me3 marks within the promoters occupied by UTX. We found that JunB regulated iNKT cell development and that the expression of genes that were targets of both JunB and the iNKT cell master transcription factor PLZF was UTX dependent. We identified iNKT cell super-enhancers and demonstrated that UTX-mediated regulation of super-enhancer accessibility was a key mechanism for commitment to the iNKT cell lineage. Our findings reveal how UTX regulates the development of iNKT cells through multiple epigenetic mechanisms.
How Many Antimicrobial Peptide Molecules Kill a Bacterium? The Case of PMAP-23
Roversi, Daniela,Luca, Vincenzo,Aureli, Simone,Park, Yoonkyung,Mangoni, Maria Luisa,Stella, Lorenzo American Chemical Society 2014 ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Vol.9 No.9
<P>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill bacteria mainly through the perturbation of their membranes and are promising compounds to fight drug resistance. Models of the mechanism of AMPs-induced membrane perturbation were developed based on experiments in liposomes, but their relevance for bacterial killing is debated. We determined the association of an analogue of the AMP PMAP-23 to <I>Escherichia coli</I> cells, under the same experimental conditions used to measure bactericidal activity. Killing took place only when bound peptides completely saturated bacterial membranes (10<SUP>6</SUP>–10<SUP>7</SUP> bound peptides per cell), indicating that the “carpet” model for the perturbation of artificial bilayers is representative of what happens in real bacteria. This finding supports the view that, at least for this peptide, a microbicidal mechanism is possible <I>in vivo</I> only at micromolar total peptide concentrations. We also showed that, notwithstanding their simplicity, liposomes represent a reliable model to characterize AMPs partition in bacterial membranes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acbcct/2014/acbcct.2014.9.issue-9/cb500426r/production/images/medium/cb-2014-00426r_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cb500426r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Maduri Rodolfo,Cossu Giulia,Aureli Viviana,Wüthrich Sonia Plaza,Bobinski Lukas,Duf John Michael 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5
Study Design: This was a retrospective review of patients with compressive cervical radiculopathy treated with a minimally invasive anterior cervical foraminotomy (ACF). Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the results and complication rates of ACF in a consecutive series of patients and to report our clinical results of ACF as a minimally invasive technique in a series of 45 consecutive patients treated for compressive cervical radiculopathy. Overview of Literature: ACF is a motion-sparing procedure and an alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior cervical foraminotomy for direct nerve root decompression in patients with compressive cervical radiculopathy. Methods: The chart review recorded clinical and radiological features preoperatively and postoperatively and at follow-up (FU). The effect of prognostic factors was analyzed in relation to the clinical outcome. Results: Between January 2004 and October 2019, 45 patients (15 females and 30 males) with a mean age of 55.9 years (range, 28–78 years) underwent ACF for unilateral cervical radiculopathy. The global clinical outcome according to the MacNab scale was evaluated as excellent in 64.5% of patients (n=29), good in 28.9% (n=13), fair in 4.4% (n=2), and poor in 2.2% (n=1). The radiological FU was available for 73.3% (n=33). The statistical analysis revealed no influence of age, sex, operated level, and side on the clinical outcome. Only one patient (2.2%) exhibited spontaneous bone fusion at the operated level on FU after a right-sided C6–7 ACF with no clinical consequences. No patient presented with signs of delayed segmental instability. The overall reoperation rate of this series was 4.4%. Conclusions: ACF is a feasible and low-cost alternative to ACDF in selected patients with cervical radiculopathy. The use of tubular retractors in ACF may confer an added advantage that creates a safe corridor for direct cervical root decompression yet minimizing surrounding soft tissue retraction and avoiding unnecessary bone removal.
Martina Aida Angeles,Federico Migliorelli,Sergi Vidal-Sicart,Adela Saco,Jaume Ordi,Cristina Ros,Pere Fusté,Meritxell Munmany,Sílvia Escura,Núria Carreras,Nuria Sánchez-Izquierdo,Jaume Pahisa,Aureli To 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.4
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with transvaginal ultrasound-guided myometrial injection of radiotracer (TUMIR) to detect lymph node (LN) metastases, in patients with intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer (EC), focusing on its performance to detect paraaortic involvement. Methods: Prospective study including women with preoperative intermediate or high-risk EC, according to ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO consensus, who underwent SLN mapping using the TUMIR approach. SLNs were preoperatively localized by planar and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images, and intraoperatively by gamma-probe. Immediately after SLN excision, all women underwent systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy by laparoscopy. Results: The study included 102 patients. The intraoperative SLN detection rate was79.4% (81/102). Pelvic and paraaortic drainage was observed in 92.6% (75/81) and 45.7% (37/81) women, respectively, being exclusively paraaortic in 7.4% (6/81). After systematic lymphadenectomy, LN metastases were identified in 19.6% (20/102) patients, with 45.0% (9/20) showing paraaortic involvement, which was exclusive in 15.0% (3/20). The overall sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of SLNs by the TUMIR approach to detect lymphatic involvement were 87.5% and 97.0%, respectively; and 83.3% and 96.9%, for paraaortic metastases. After applying the MSKCC SLN mapping algorithm, the sensitivity and NPV were 93.8% and 98.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The TUMIR method provides valuable information of endometrial drainage in patients at higher risk of paraaortic LN involvement. The TUMIR approach showed a detection rate of paraaortic SLNs greater than 45% and a high sensitivity and NPV for paraaortic metastases in women with intermediate and high-risk EC.