Genetic Analysis of Sodium Content and Na/K Ratio in Relation to Salinity Tolerance in Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Arjuna Rao Palakollu Venkata,Panda Kusuma Kumari,Tavva Surya Santosh Mohan Dev,Muktinutalapati Venkata Subba Rao,Vangury Manga 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Genetic analysis of sodium and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios in leaf and stem was carried out through diallel analysis involving two tolerant, one moderately tolerant, and two sensitive genotypes as parents. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to a critical level of salinization (17 decisiemens per meter of electrical conductivity). Leaf and stem sampling (from 5 parents and 20 hybrids arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of 10 each) was done 30 days after salinization when susceptible parents were severely effected. Predominance of non-additive gene action for stem sodium and dominance component for leaf Na/K were noticed while both additive and non-additive components played a significant role for stem Na/K. A single group of genes seems to be operative for these characters. Hybrids produced by crossing the two sensitive parents were tolerant suggesting genetic complementation and involvement of different loci in the two parents for salinity tolerance. The overall dominant nature of tolerance and the additive gene action for these salinity related characters suggested the possibility of breeding pearl millet lines through hybridization and selection to pyramid the favorable genes.

Genetic Analysis of Sodium Content and Na/K Ratio in Relation to Salinity Tolerance in Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

Venkata, Arjuna Rao Palakollu,Kumari, Panda Kusuma,Dev, Tavva Surya Santosh Mohan,Rao, Muktinutalapati Venkata Subba,Manga, Vangury 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Genetic analysis of sodium and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios in leaf and stem was carried out through diallel analysis involving two tolerant, one moderately tolerant, and two sensitive genotypes as parents. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to a critical level of salinization (17 decisiemens per meter of electrical conductivity). Leaf and stem sampling (from 5 parents and 20 hybrids arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of 10 each) was done 30 days after salinization when susceptible parents were severely effected. Predominance of non-additive gene action for stem sodium and dominance component for leaf Na/K were noticed while both additive and non-additive components played a significant role for stem Na/K. A single group of genes seems to be operative for these characters. Hybrids produced by crossing the two sensitive parents were tolerant suggesting genetic complementation and involvement of different loci in the two parents for salinity tolerance. The overall dominant nature of tolerance and the additive gene action for these salinity related characters suggested the possibility of breeding pearl millet lines through hybridization and selection to pyramid the favorable genes.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis

Ellepola Arjuna N.B.,Morrison Christine J. The Microbiological Society of Korea 2005 The journal of microbiology Vol.43 No.1

Invasive candidiasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical diagnosis is complicated by a lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms of disease. Laboratory diagnosis is also complex because circulating antibodies to Candida species may occur in normal individuals as the result of commensal colonization of mucosal surfaces thereby reducing the usefulness of antibody detection for the diagnosis of this disease. In addition, Candida species antigens are often rapidly cleared from the circulation so that antigen detection tests often lack the desired level of sensitivity. Microbiological confirmation is difficult because blood cultures can be negative in up to 50% of autopsy-proven cases of deep-seated candidiasis or may only become positive late in the infection. Positive cultures from urine or mucosal surfaces do not necessarily indicate invasive disease although can occur during systemic infection. Furthermore, differences in the virulence and in the susceptibility of the various Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management. Newer molecular biological tests have generated interest but are not yet standardized or readily available in most clinical laboratory settings nor have they been validated in large clinical trials. Laboratory surveillance of at-risk patients could result in earlier initiation of antifungal therapy if sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, which are also cost effective, become available. This review will compare diagnostic tests currently in use as well as those under development by describing their assets and limitations for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis.

JNM : Original Article ; Gastric Motility Following Ingestion of a Solid Meal in a Cohort of Adult Asthmatics

( Wadu Arachchige Dharshika Lakmali Amarasiri ),( Arunasalam Pathmeswaran ),( Arjuna Priyadharshin De Silva ),( Anuradha Supun Dassanayake ),( Channa Dhammika Ranasinha ),( Hithanadura Janaka De Silva 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3

Background/Aims Asthmatics have abnormal esophageal motility and increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The contribution of gastric motility is less studied. We studied gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying (GE) and their association with GERD symptoms and vagal function in adult asthmatics. Methods Thirty mild, stable asthmatics and 30 healthy controls underwent real-time ultrasonography and 1 hour pre- and post prandial cutaneous electrogastrography, following a test meal (480 kcal, 60% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 20% fat and 200 mL water). The percentage of normal slow waves and arrhythmias, dominant frequency and power, frequency of antral contractions, gastric emptying rate (GER) and antral motility index (MI) was calculated. Twenty-seven asthmatics underwent gastroscopy and in all subjects GERD symptoms were assessed by a validated questionnaire. Vagal function parameters were correlated with gastric motility parameters. Results The asthmatics (37% male; 34.8 ± 8.4 years) and controls (50% male; 30.9 ± 7.7 years) were comparable. None had endoscopic gastric pathological changes. Twenty asthmatics described GERD symptoms. Twenty-two (73.3%) asthmatics showed a hypervagal response. Compared to controls, asthmatics had delayed GER and lower MI, lower percentage of normal gastric slow waves, more gastric dysrythmias and failed to increase the post-prandial dominant power. There was no correlation of GE and cutaneous electrogastrography parameters with presence of GERD symptoms or with vagal function. Conclusions Asthmatics showed abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity, delayed GE and antral hypomotility in response to a solid meal compared to controls. There was no association with vagal function or GERD symptom status. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:355-365)

Effects of probiotics combined with dietary and lifestyle modification on clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized clinical trial

Rodrigo Thushara,Dulani Samaranayake,Nimali Seneviratne Sumudu,De Silva Arjuna P.,Fernando Jerad,De Silva H. Janaka,Jayasekera,Wickramasinghe V. Pujitha 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.6

Background: Childhood obesity is a global problem associated with metabolic abnormalities. The gut-liver axis is thought to play a major role in its pathogenesis. Probiotics are known to alter the gut microbiota and, therefore, could be a therapeutic option in the management of childhood obesity-related complications.Purpose: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of probiotics on metabolic derangement in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/ nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH).Methods: Obese children with NAFLD/NASH treated at the nutrition clinic of the University Paediatric Unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo, were recruited. Anthropometry, body fat, metabolic derangement, and liver ultrasound scan (USS) results were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. Transient elastography (FibroScan) was performed on a subsample of these patients. Eighty-four patients were recruited and randomized into the probiotics (n=43) and placebo (n= 41) groups. The mean age was 11.3±1.9 versus 12.1±1.5 years in the probiotic and placebo groups, respectively. Baseline parameters including liver disease stage on USS, body fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, liver function, and C-reactive protein showed no significant intergroup differences.Results: In the probiotic group, a statistically significant reduction in body mass index was noted from the baseline value. However, the reduction was not significant compared with the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in triglycerides, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, and alkaline phosphatase in the placebo group over the treatment period. Although the liver disease stage on USS improved from stage II–III to stage I in a small number of patients in the probiotic-treated group, transient elastography performed in a subsample did not demonstrate significant improvement in either group.Conclusion: Our results indicate that probiotics have no advantage over lifestyle modification for improving obesityassociated metabolic derangement in children.

Recent advances of nanocellulose in drug delivery systems

핫산 눌하스니,Rahman Latifah,Kim So-Hyeon,caojiafu,Arjuna Andi,Lallo Subehan,전병학,유진욱 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.6

Background Nanocellulose, which possesses great physical, chemical, and biological properties, is a natural polymer derived from widely available native cellulose. It has outstanding properties such as high mechanical strength, stiffness, low weight, biocompatibility, and renewability, which are beneficial for the design of advanced drug delivery systems, as either an excipient or a carrier. Area covered This review introduces three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial cellulose. Their physical and chemical properties along with their methods of preparation are also compared. Recent studies of nanocellulose for various drug delivery applications are summarized and discussed. Selected nanocellulose studies with significant findings for oral, ocular, intratumoral, topical, and transdermal delivery are also emphasized. Expert opinion Nanocellulose has potential for drug delivery applications due to its high surface area-to-volume ratio and high polymerization, which provide nanocellulose with a high loading and binding capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredients, enabling the control of the drug release.