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Anne L. Versteeg,Lior M. Elkaim,Arjun Sahgal,Laurence D. Rhines,Daniel M. Sciubba,James M. Schuster,Michael G. Fehlings,Aron Lazary,Michelle J. Clarke,Paul M. Arnold,Chetan Bettegowda,Stefano Boriani 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.1
Objective: Patients presenting with neurological deficit secondary to metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) are often treated with surgery in combination with high-dose corticosteroids. Despite steroids being commonly used, the evidence regarding the effect of corticosteroids on patient outcomes is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of corticosteroid use on preoperative neurological function in patients with MESCC. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery between August 2013 and February 2017 for the treatment of spinal metastases and received steroids to prevent neurologic deficits were included. Data regarding demographics, diagnosis, treatment, neurological function, adverse events, health-related quality of life, and survival were extracted from an international multicenter prospective cohort. Results: A total of 30 patients treated surgically and receiving steroids at baseline were identified. Patients had a mean age of 58.2 years (standard deviation, 11.2 years) at time of surgery. Preoperatively, 50% of the patients experienced deterioration of neurological function, while in 30% neurological function was stable and 20% improved in neurological function. Lengthier steroid use did not correlate with improved or stabilized neurological function. Postoperative adverse events were observed in 18 patients (60%). Patients that stabilized or improved neurologically after steroid use showed a trend towards improved survival at 3- and 24-month postsurgery. Conclusion: This study described the effect of steroids on preoperative neurological function in patients with MESCC. Stabilization or improvement of preoperative neurological function occurred in 50% of the patients.
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Anne-Flore Maman Larraufie 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07
City-branding is usually a topic that practitioners, official bodies and academic researchers have approached from the marketing perspective, i.e. the deliberate strategy set to better “sell” a city-location to various stakeholders, from tourists to investors. The idea is to shape the city image which, as any location image, is a multidimensional phenomenon involving cognition and emotions. It has been defined as the aggregate of impressions, expectations and thoughts related to a definite place (Kotler et al., 1999; Ulaga et al. 2002). However, some scholars have found that places are “like a blank canvas upon which a series of representation are layered producing a place that is uniquely identifiable” (Staiff, 2014). Such representations include poetry, painting, film, travel writing, postcards, novels, maps, guide books and advertising. They build some imaginary of the place with physical buildings as metonymic characteristics of it, producing in the end some hyperreal meaning of the city, an iconic one (Ellul, 1988; Staiff, 2014). Therefore, studying the successive ways of staging a city in advertising, one should be able to identify the iconic elements of the city, the overall city-image implicitly built (and congruent categories of products) and in the end the culturally-built current visual imagery of the city, i.e. the one being currently promoted by city-branding marketing strategies. Particularly, fashion advertising is, as a creative industry (Howkins, 2002), part of some cultural-expression and cultural-building processes. Regular reuse of a setting would simultaneously shape the imaginary of this setting, while borrowing some of its features and facets. The setting would thus become quite quickly an iconic representation of itself (Greimas, 1966), ultimately becoming hyperreal. We use Venezia as the field of study. Our objective is to show the hyperreal nature of the current city-image, with the disappearance of distinctions between signified and sign (Baudrillard, 1994), thanks to the successive reproduction of preceding reproductions of reality in fashion ads using Venezia as a setting. To do so, we use semiotics, building some analytic grid. Particularly, we study: the general impression/feelings when observing the ad; denotation; iconic semiotic analysis including gestalt elements; lexicographic analysis of the text present on the ad; enunciation and emitter’s position; whether the ad is opaque or transparent; the connotations that derive from all previous; and the ultimate classification of the ad depending on its ideology (Floch, 1990). The final results will be ready by the time of the conference. Some interesting trends already emerge, for instance the regular empowering nature of the city for human beings represented in the ad, or the transparent nature of the ad. Besides from providing interesting conclusion on Venezia and on fashion advertising systematically using some setting, we believe the added value of the research is also in the methodological approach that could be used by official entities to understand how their city is iconically represented and craft consistent city-branding strategies, esp. when the city has some historical linkage with fashion and luxury history. Similarly, fashion marketers and advertisers would benefit from knowing about the processes behind systematic reuse of a setting with insights for all fashion-related or luxury-related cities (Paris, Milan, Florence, New York, etc.).
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Acupuncture Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in an American Indian Community
Anne Bailey,Deborah Wingard,Matthew Allison,Priscilla Summers,Daniel Calac 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.2
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) develops in 30% of type 2 diabetes patients, increases the risk for foot ulcers and amputation, and is a significant source of disability and medical costs. Treatment remains challenging, propelling research to focus on therapeutic methods that aim to improve blood circulation or ameliorate oxidative stress that drives development of DPN. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for DPN symptoms and lower extremity arterial circulation in people with type 2 diabetes. Twenty-five patients seen at a Southern California Tribal Health Center who reported a threshold level of diabetic neuropathy symptoms in the lower extremities during the previous 4 weeks received acupuncture treatment once per week over a 10-week period between 2011 and 2013. The Neuropathy Total Symptom Scale (NTSS-6), Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), and laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) were used for assessment at baseline and 10 weeks. A total of 19 of 25 study participants completed the study and reported a significant reduction in the NTSS symptoms of aching pain, burning pain, prickling sensation, numbness, and allodynia. Lancinating pain did not decrease significantly. LDF measures improved but not significantly. Acupuncture may effectively ameliorate selected DPN symptoms in these American Indian patients.
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Anne-Maree O’Rourke,Francois A. Carrillat 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
A product’s competitive position (CP) identifies the segment the product is targeting and the value proposition it offers that differentiates it from its competitors (Hooley & Greenley, 2005). Having a clear, strong competitive position for products in the mind of the consumer, known as the perceived position, is considered to be absolutely imperative for products to compete in today’s market. In order to get to this evaluation or judgment on the product’s position, consumers need to sift through the ever-growing availability of organization and market-derived information. Consumer behavior literature dictates that such a judgment would have a level of confidence attached to it, specifically known as belief-confidence. Extensive literature has empirically linked belief-confidence to purchase intention (Bennell & Harrell, 1975; Howard & Steth, 1969; Laroche, Kim, & Zhou, 1995; Russo, Medvec, & Melov, 1996), however the construct has not been examined relative to the strategic concept of competitive product positioning. This research proposes a framework that suggests when the consumer’s perceived position for a product matches their purchase goal, [for example a consumer is seeking a ‘top of the range’ personal laptop and after evaluating laptop alternatives in the market judges product X as the ‘top of the range’ offering] the consumer’s confidence in their positioning judgment acts as a moderator, magnifying its ultimate effect on purchase intention. Given that judgment confidence is context specific (Chandrashekaran, Rotte & Grewal, 2005), this research suggests three antecedents to consumers’ confidence in competitive positions of products (1) position clarity (2) position consistency (3) alignment between the initial and post (information search) perceived positions. Support for these antecedents stems from various fields of literature including positioning implementation; consumer perception; judgment revision; information distortion and brand equity signaling (Erdem & Swait, 1998; Muthukrishnam, 2002; Russo, Medvec, & Melov, 1996; Crawford, 1985). Two between-subjects factorial experiments entailing a mock information search designed to manipulate (1) and (2) of the proposed antecedents will be administered online, whereby total n=540. Measures taken pre and post the experiment will enable validation of the remaining variables in the conceptual model. This research aims to show that adding a confidence measure to positioning measurement such as perceptual mapping, is a better predictor of purchase intention (when coupled with purchase goal), than positioning measurement alone. It ultimately gives managers an insight into what drives consumers’ confidence in deciphering what a product stands for amongst its competitors.
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Understanding and Modelling Brand Equity
Anne, Martensen,Lars, Gronholdt 한국품질경영학회 2003 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.4 No.2
The most successful companies today are said to have strong brands. But what is a strong brand? What makes a brand strong? How do we build a strong brand? This paper develops a customer-based brand equity model to help address these important questions. The developed model is a cause-and-effect model linking customer-brand relationships to rational and emotional brand associations, as well as rational and emotional brand evaluations. The customer-brand relationships are characterized by loyalty, based on both behaviour and attitude. As branding is a very complex concept, it is important to determine which of the many branding elements should be included in the model. This paper discusses why a given aspect is important for a brand's equity and which relations exist between the included variables from a theoretical perspective. The model provides insight into the creation of a brand's equity and can thus be used in the brand management process to achieve brand excellence.
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