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글로벌 선사의 아시아 역내 정기선 해운서비스 진입에 관한 연구
김석수 ( Kim Seok-su ),이상윤 ( Lee Sang-yoon ),이동화 ( Lee Dong-hwa ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2018 해운물류연구 Vol.34 No.3
최근 아시아 경제는 제조업 부문에서 분업 관계가 강화되고 있으며 컨테이너 해운서비스의 중요성 또한 증가하고 있다. 전 세계 해상 컨테이너 화물 중 아시아 역내 화물의 비중은 약 34%로 2008년 해운시황 폭락 이후 글로벌 선사들의 아시아 역내 서비스 진출이 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아시아 역내 서비스를 개설한 12개 글로벌 선사들의 아시아 시장 진입 과정을 조사하고 이들의 네트워크 구축 속도 등을 분석하고자 하였다. 소셜 네트워크 분석(Social Network Analysis) 기법을 적용하여 분석한 결과 글로벌 선사들의 아시아 역내 서비스 네트워크의 연결정도와 밀도는 2000년에서 2016년 사이 약 4배 확장된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 머스크의 자회사인MCC Transport의 아시아 역내 서비스 네트워크에서 볼 수 있는 바와 같이 글로벌 선사들은 전통적으로 간선항로에 적용되었던 허브 앤 스포크(Hub-and-Spoke) 시스템을 아시아 역내에도 구현하는 양상을 보이고 있다. With growing economic interdependence among Asian countries in various manufacturing sectors, the importance of container shipping services transporting intermediate and finished products is on the rise. Intra-Asian container cargo volume constitutes 34% of the global seaborne container cargo. Global megacarriers have been expanding their businesses in Asia to discover new sources of revenue after the collapse of the shipping market in 2008. Major global shipping companies have started intra-Asia services. We examined the entrance of 12 global shipping companies into the Asian shipping market every four years between 2000 and 2016, using the Social Network Analysis (SNA) technique. We found that the degree and density of intra-Asian shipping networks of global liners have increased by about four times during this period. In addition, global shipping companies have adopted the Hub-and-Spoke system in intra-Asia networks to separate their services into main and feeder hauls, as in the case of MCC Transport, a subsidiary liner of Maersk.
원양선사와 근해선사의 아시아 역내 해운 서비스 네트워크 비교 연구
김석수 ( Kim Seok-su ),이상윤 ( Lee Sang-yoon ),( Alexander Shishkov ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.4
본 연구는 아시아 역내 정기선 해운시장에서 원양선사와 근해선사가 어떠한 경쟁구도를 형성하고 있는지 그 윤곽을 그려보는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 선사간, 선사 그룹 간 서비스 네트워크의 유사성을 사회 네트워크 분석기법을 적용하여 평가하였다. 세계 20대 정기 선사 중 12개 선사와 우리나라의 8개 근해선사를 대상으로 선사별 네트워크의 연결성과 네트워크 간 유사성을 비교한 결과 원양선사들과 근해선사들의 아시아 역내 정기선 서비스 네트워크는 높은 유사성을 나타내었다. 이는 전통적으로 근해선사들의 서비스 영역이었던 아시아 역내 시장에서 원양선사들이 실질적인 경쟁자로 등장하고 있으며 경쟁구도가 고도화될 것임을 시사한다. This study aims to outline the competitive landscape of the trunk and feeder liners in the intra-Asia container shipping market. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) method is used to evaluate the similarities and differences in the intra-Asia container shipping service networks between: (i)20 liners, and (ii)12 global trunk liners and 8 Korean feeder liners. Presently, 12 out of the global top 20 carriers are operating in the intra-Asia market. This study focuses on these trunk and feeder liners by conducting an empirical analysis to measure selected network connectivity indices, and to compare similarities in the structure of the liner shipping service networks. This empirical study reveals that, in the intra-Asia container market, three trunk liners(MCC transports, Evergreen, and Wanhai) and two domestic liners(Heung-A and KMTC) have dominant market share in terms of network connectivity, which is measured by the number of links between the ports, network density, connection degree, and inclusiveness. Therefore, it is evident that these five carriers operate in a relatively high level of networks in the intra-Asia region. MCC transports, a subsidiary of Maersk located in Singapore, has built an equivalent level of an intra-Asia service network with other competitive Asian origin trunk and feeder companies, such as Evergreen, Hanjin, HMM, Heung-A, and KMTC which have abundant management experiences in the intra-Asia shipping market. It has not been long since the global mega carriers entered the intra-Asia market; however, it seems that the Danish giant has been gaining access to the traditional business areas of Asian container shipping companies. In particular, at the group level comparison, connectivity indices indicate that the feeder liner group only has a small advantage over the trunk liner group; although it dose not seem to be significant. Futhermore, a correlation analysis of the networks of each company revealed that many shipping firms operating in the intra-Asia route had established similar types of service networks. As the eight feeder liners are Korean companies, it can be said that their similarity is natural; however, a similar situation is observed with the trunk liners. In addition, the correlation analysis of the integrated networks for the two different liner groups also presents a high level of similarity in the intra-Asia shipping market. This result can be considered a warning to the Korean feeder liners that, in the near future, the intra-Asia routes will become more competitive. Eventually, when the trunk liners` Panamax vessels will be transitioned from the current trans-Pacific route into the intra-Asia service network due to the expansion of the Panama Cannel in June 2016, the market competition will be more intense. Consequently, the Korean shipping lines need to build a strategic policy to enhance their competitiveness in the intra-Asia liner market.
김석수(Seok-Sou Kim),허종철(Jong-Cheol Heo),문인욱(In-Wook Mun),오창수(Chang-Su Oh) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.7
It has been reported that more than 50% of breakdown in transmission line for 154㎸ and above is due to lightning stroke. The flashover failure due to lightning stroke causes outage, voltage drop and instantaneous outage, Therefore line arrestors have been used in transmission line for protection from lightning stroke. In this paper, we describes electrical characteristics and performance test of line arrestor for transmission line.