해수 순환 여과 양식 시설의 여과 재료별 암모니아 제거 능력

전임기(Im Gi Jeon),손맹현(Maeng Hyun Son),조재윤(Jae-Yoon Jo),이종문(Jong Moon Lee) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1997 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.10 No.3

넙치의 해상(海上)가두리 사육시험(飼育試驗)에 따른 혈액학적(血液學的) 연구(硏究)-II 혈청화학지수(血淸化學指數) 및 전해질지수(電解質指數)에 대(對)하여

심두생,전임기,민광식,이종문,Sim, Doo-Saing,Jeon, Im-Gi,Min, Kwang-Sik,Lee, Jong-Moon 한국어병학회 1990 한국어병학회지 Vol.3 No.1

1. 1990년(年) 4월(月) 7일(日)부터 1990년(年) 5월(月) 8일(日)까지 대조구(對照區)와 해상(海上)가두리 시설별(施設別)로 양식(養殖)넙치의 혈청화학지수(血淸化學指數) 및 전해질지수(電解質指數)를 측정(測定)하였다. 2. 대조구(對照區)의 혈청화학지수(血淸化學指數)는 총단백(總蛋白) $5.74{\pm}0.83g/dl$, 알부민 $0.94{\pm}0.22g/dl$ 및 혈당(血糖) $62{\pm}29mg/dl$를 나타내었으며, 전해질(電解質)의 경우(境遇), 포타슘이 $2.5{\pm}1.1mmol/l$, 소디움이 $169{\pm}17mmol/l$, 칼슘이 $5.0{\pm}1.7mg/l$이었다. 3. 시험구별(試驗區別) 혈청화학지수(血淸化學指數)에 있어서 대조구(對照區)와 비교(比較)하여 총단백(總蛋白)의 경우 네트론의 시험구(試驗區)만이 이송후(移送後) 27일(日)만에 대조구(對照區)의 수치(數値)와 거의 같은 $5.72{\pm}1.11g/dl$을 나타내었으며 조사기간(調査期間) 중(中) 다른 시험구(試驗區)에 비(比)해 안정(安定)된 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)하였다. 그 다음으로 안정(安定)된 상태(狀態)를 보인 PVC 시험구(試驗區)는 27일(日)만에 $5.34{\pm}0.81g/dl$ 점차 대조구(漸次對照區)의 수준(水準)으로 회복(回復)하는 추세(趨勢)를 보였다. 알부민의 경우 가장 변동(變動)이 적고 안정(安定)된 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)한 PVC 시험구(試驗區)의 경우 이송(移送) 후(後) 27일(日) 만에 대조구(對照區) 수준(水準)과 거의 같은 $1.00{\pm}0.18g/dl$을 나타내었고 혈당(血糖)의 경우는 이송(移送) 후(後)에는 전(全) 시험구(試驗區)가 대조구(對照區)와 비교(比較)하여 2배(倍) 가량 증가(增加)하였으며 대조구(對照區)의 수준(水準)으로 회복(回復)한 시험구(試驗區)는 PVC 시험구(試驗區)와 네트론 시험구(試驗區)였다. 그러나 네트론의 시험구(試驗區)는 그 후(後)에 $49{\pm}15mg/dl$로 저하(低下)하였다가 다시 대조구(對照區) 수준(水準)을 회복(回復)하였으나 PVC 시험구(試驗區)는 큰 변동(變動)이 없이 안정(安定)된 상태(狀態)를 유지(維持)하였다. 4. 시험구별(試驗區別) 전해질지수(電解質指數)에 있어서 대조구(對照區)와 비교(比較)하여 포타슘의 경우 이송(移送) 직후(直後)부터 9일(日)째까지는 전(全) 시험구(試驗區)가 3배(倍) 이상(以上) 증가(增加)하였으며 그 후(後)에는 저하(低下)되었으나 PVC 시험구(試驗區)와 네트론지주(支柱) 시험구(試驗區)를 제외(除外)하고는 저하(低下)의 폭(幅)이 너무 컸다. 조사기간(調査期間) 중 가장 변동(變動)의 폭(幅)이 적은 시험구(試驗區)는 PVC 시험구(試驗區)였다. 소디움의 경우는 이송후(移送後) 9일(日)째에는 대조구(對照區)의 수준(水準)을 회복(回復)하는 시험구(試驗區)들과 큰 폭(幅)으로 저하(低下)하는 시험구(試驗區)로 대별(大別)되었다. 그리고 이송후(移送後) 16일(日)째는 전반적(全般的)으로 상승(上昇)하였으나 변동(變動)이 적은 PVC 시험구(試驗區)는 조사기간(調査期間) 중(中) $169{\pm}17-178{\pm}10mmol/l$이고 그 다음 변동(變動)이 적은 PVC지주(支柱) 시험구(試驗區)는 $173{\pm}10-179{\pm}9mmol/l$를 나타내었다. 5. 해상(海上)가두리의 각(各) 시설별(施設別) 혈청학적(血淸化學) 지수(指數) 및 전해질지수(電解質指數)의 분석결과(分析結果)를 종합(綜合)한 결과(結果) 지수(指數)의 변동(變動)이 안정(安定)된 시험구(試驗區)는 PVC 시험구(試驗區), 네트론, PVC지주시험구순(支柱試驗區順)이었으며 그외 시험구(試驗區)들은 변동(變動) Chemical constituents in blood serum and electrolytes were mearsured to the cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus classified by control group and establishments of mari-netcages from April 7, 1990 to May 8, 1990. The total protein, albumin and glucose were $5.74{\pm}0.83g/dl$, $0.94{\pm}0.22g/dl$ and $62{\pm}29mg/dl$, respectively in the blood serum constituents of control group. The potassium, sodium and calcium were $2.5{\pm}1.1\;mmol/l$, $169{\pm}17\;mmol/l$ and $5.0{\pm}1.7\;mg/l$, respectively in the electrolytes of control group. In the variation of chemical constituents and electrolytes in blood serum, glucose of PVC group was alone represented $66{\pm}19\;mg/dl$ as control level on the 9th after locomotion to mari-floating netcages, and was stable within period of experiment in comparision with the other group. Subsequently stable netron group was decreased $49{\pm}15\;mg/dl$ on the 12th. Total protein of netron group was alone represented $5.72{\pm}1.11\;g/dl$ as control level on the 27th. Albumin of PVC group was stable, and was retruned $1.00{\pm}0.18\;g/dl$ as control level on the 27th. Potassium of PVC and netron group were stable within priod of experiment. Sodium of PVC, pole-PVC group were stable, and were $169{\pm}17{\sim}178{\pm}10\;mmol/l$, $173{\pm}10{\sim}179{\pm}9\;mmol/l$ respectively in blood serum with in priod of experiment. According to the combined results of chemical constituents in blood serum and electrolytes classified by establishment of mari-floating netcages, the experiment group that were stabilized variation were in order of PVC, netron and pole-PVC group. But the other groups were extended the range of variation.

조피볼락 육석용 배합사료와 시판사료의 사육효과 비교

이상민,전임기,Lee Sang-Min,Jeon Im-Gi 한국양식학회 1996 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.9 No.4

실용적인 사료의 효과를 검토하기 위해 단백질함량이 $41\~45\%$인 4종류의 실험사료를 dry pellet 형태로 제조하였다. 단백질원으로 어분을 $58\%$ 첨가한 사료를 대조구(사료 1)로 하고, 대조구의 어분을 육분, 콘글루텐 밀, 대두박 및 혈분으로 각각 다른 비율로 대체하여 어분 함량을 $40\%$ 전후로 감소시킨 실험사료들(사료 $2\~4$)을 설계하여 시판되고 있는 해산어용 배합사료 A, B, C (단백질 함량 : $51\~53\%$) 및 양어가들이 선호하는 RMP 사료(넙치용 분말사료와 냉동 메가리를 1 : 1의 비율로 혼합한 moist pellet, 단백질 함량 : $58\%$)와 그 효과를 사육 실험을 통해 비교하였다. 평균체중 125 g의 조피볼락을 선별하여 실험사료마다 2반복으로 15주간 사육실험한 결과, 최종 평균체중, 증체율, 사료효율, 일일사료섭취율, 일일단백질섭취율, 단백질효율 및 간 중량지수가 RMP 구를 제외한 실험사료와 상품사료를 급여한 실험구들은 대조구와 통계적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). RMP 섭취구의 증체율이 대조구와는 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 실험사료(사료 $2\~4$)와 상품사료(사료 $A\~C$)보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다(P<0.05). 또한, 단백질효율은 RMP 구가 가장 높았고, 상품사료 B가 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 대조사료에서 1 kg의 어체를 증체시키는데 소요되는 사료비용을 100으로 환산하였을 때, 사료 3 급여구는 92, 사료 4 급여구는 79로 나타나, 대조구보다 $10\~20\%$ 정도의 사료비가 절감되었고, RMP 사료 급여구는 대조구보다 $27\%$의 사료비가 더 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 종료시 간과 근육의 수분, 단백질, 지질 및 회분 함량은 모든 실험구간에 유의차는 없었다(P>0.05). A 15-week of growth trial was conducted to evaluate practical diets for growing Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Two replicate groups of the fish average weighing 125 g were fed one of four experimental diets containing $41\~45\%$ protein and $6\~8\%$ lipid. A control diet with $58\%$ fish meal as protein source was included and practical form diets with $40\%$ fish meal and various practical ingredients such as meat meal, blood meal, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal were included. These experimental dry pellet diets were compared with commercial diets containing $51\~53\%$ protein and $5\~13\%$ lipid for marine fish or raw fish-based moist pellet (RMP) diet containing $58\%$ protein and $9\%$ lipid consisted of $50\%$ frozen horse mackerel and $50\%$ commercial binder meal. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed the experimental diets and commercial diets were not significantly different to those in the fish fed the control diet. However weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed the RMP diet were significantly higher than those in the fish fed the experimental diets and commercial diets. These differences of growth performance between experimental diets and RMP diet may be reason for different dietary protein and energy levels. The experimental diet can save up to $20\%$ cost of fish production compare with control diet, whereas RMP diet is more expensive than other diets in the fish production.

조피볼락 육성용 배합사료와 시판사료의 사육효과 비교

이상민(Sang-Min Lee),전임기(Im-Gi Jeon) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1996 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.9 No.4

조피볼락 사료의 어분 대체 단백원으로서 대두박 평가

이상민(Sang Min LEE),전임기(Im Gi JEON) 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study was designed to determine the level of soybean meal (SM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). A control diet with white fish meal as only protein source was included. SM was substituted at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for portions of the fish meal in the diet. Amino acids (met+lys) supplementation and two different SM particle sizes (0.5 ㎜ and 0.25 ㎜) in the 20% SM diet were compared. In addition, combination of 10% SM, 10% corn gluten meal (CGM) and 10% meat and bone meal (MBM) was substituted for the fish meal in the diet. Duplicate groups of the 30 fish averaging 22.9 g were fed one of 8 isoproteic (48%) and isolipidic (7.5%) experimental diets to satiation twice a day for 9 weeks. No significant differences were found among fish fed the control, substituting up to 20% SM, 20% SM containing amino acids, and 10% SM+10% CGM+10% MBM diets in weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, and protein retention (P>0.05). Feed efficiency, daily feed intake and protein retention in fish fed the diet containing 20% SM with 0.5 ㎜ particle size were not significantly different to those in fish fed the diets containing less than 20% SM (P>0.05), however, weight gain was significantly lower than that of the control and 5% SM diets (P<0.05). It is concluded that SM can be used as a partial substitute for fish meal up to 20% in the diet, and that the inclusion of SM with an adequate combination of several protein sources can replace larger amounts of fish meal in the diet.

해수 탈질시스템에서 적정 탈질조건과 어류의 사육효과

손맹현 ( Son Maeng Hyeon ),전임기 ( Jeon Im Gi ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.5

N/A This study was to survey proper condition of nitrate removal by hydraulic retention time (HRT) and measured growth of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and giant croaker (Nibea japonica) in the seawater recirculating culture system designed for nitrate removal. Nitrate conversion to nitrogen at 8 hr-HRT was higher than 16 hr-HRT, amounting to 32.2 g/㎥/day in the seawater recirculating culture system. The removal efficiency of nitrate improved when dissolved oxygen was situated less than 0.5 mg/L. Daily growth rate (DGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of S. schlegeli with mean body weight of 108 g in 8 hr-HRT were significantly higher values than those in 4 hr-HRT (P<0.05). The DGR and FE of N. japonica with mean body weight of 12 g in added carbon system showed not differing in the values from N. japonica in control system (P>0.05).

조피볼락 습사료에 대한 건조사료의 사육효과

이상민(Sang-Min Lee),전임기(Im-Gi Jeon) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1996 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.9 No.3

조피볼락 육성용 사료의 어분 대체원으로서 식물성 및 동물성 단백질 혼합 첨가 효과

이상민(Sang Min LEE),전임기(Im Gi JEON),이종윤(Jong Yun LEE),박승렬(Sung Real PARK),강용진(Yong Jin KANG),정관식(Kwan Sik JEONG) 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

A 15-week growth trial was conducted in flow-through aquarium system to develop practical feeds for growing Korean rockfish. Two replicate groups of the fish averaging 114 g were fed one of nine diets containing 45∼50% crude protein from various practical ingredients such as fish meal, meat meal, feather meal, blood meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, and wheat flour with or without supplemental essential amino acids (EAA) or enzyme mixture. The dietary EAA were adjusted by considering EAA composition of each dietary protein source, A/E ratio (each essential amino acid×1000/total essential amino acid including Cys and Tyr) calculated using AA composition of the Korean rockfish whole body and the EAA requirement of other fish. Results indicate that animal and plant protein sources could substitute for fish meal up to 50% in the diets, and the supplementation of amino acids and enzyme mixture have no beneficial effects on fish performance, Fish growth, body composition, nutrient utilization, and cost of fish production are discussed in relation to nutritional values of the protein sources used in diets.

회전원판을 이용한 해수 순환여과 시스템에서 암모니아 부하율에 따른 암모니아 제거율

손맹현(Maeng Hyun Son),전임기(Im Gi Jeon),조기채(Kee Chae Cho),김광수(Kang Soo Kim) 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.4

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the relationship between ammoia removal rates and ammonia loading rates in seawater filtering system using rotating biological contactor (RBC). In this experiment, RBC system was consisted of rotating polyvinyl film disks, which provided 12㎡ of total effective surface area in 0.075㎥ of volume. NH₄Cl was added by 10∼150g as a ammonia nitrogen source to determine ammonia removal rate in RBC system. Relationship between time required for ammonia removal (y: hour) and nitrogen inputted (x: NH₄-N ㎎/ℓ) in RBC system was as followed: y=3.51+7.76 lnx (r²=0.936). At ammonia concentration 2㎎/ℓ, it took 10 hours for removal of ammonia in the RBC system. However, at ammonia concentration of 5 and 16.5㎎/ℓ, it took 16 and 27 hours, respectively. There was a decreasing tencency of an increasing ammonia in the rearing water. Finally, the ammonia removal rate in the RBC system increased with the rise of total ammonia concentration up to 16.5㎎/ℓ.

조피볼락 사료의 어분 평가

이상민 ( Sang Min Lee ),전임기 ( Im Gi Jeon ),이종윤 ( Jong Yun Lee ) 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

여러 가지 어분의 이용성을 검토하기 위해 어분의 종류와 혼합비를 달리한 실험사료로 2회에 걸쳐 사육실험을 실시하였다. 단백질원으로 북양어분 간접식을 100% 첨가한 사료와 북양어분을 갈색어분으로 100% 대체한 2종류의 실험사료를 제조하여 평균체중 5.7g의 조피볼락을 대상으로 45일간 사육한 결과, 최종평균체중, 증중율 및 사료효율 모두 갈색어분 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의하게 낮은 값을 보인 반면 (P<0.05), 일간 사료섭취량, 단백질 및 지질축적율과 단백질 및 지질의 외견상 소화율은 대조구와 차이가 없었다. 단백질원으로 북양어분 간접식 100% 첨가구 (대조구)와 북양어분 간접식을 북양어분 직접식으로 50% 및 100% 대체한 실험구, 갈색어분으로 50% 및 100% 대체한 실험구 및 어류가수분해단백질로 50% 대체한 실험구를 설정하여 평균체중 86.6g의 조피볼락을 21주간 사육한 결과, 사육기간에 따른 체중의 변화는 사료간에 거의 차이가 없이 직선적으로 증가하였으며, 최종평균체중, 증중율, 사료효율, 지질축적율은 어분종류에 따른 유의차가 인정되지 않았다(p>0.05). 단백질축적율은 갈색어분 50% 대체구가 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으나(p<0.05), 모든 실험구의 값이 22.4-25.0%의 범위로 큰 차이는 없었다. 두 실험 모두 전어체의 단백질 및 지질함량은 사료의 어분종류나 첨가비에 따른 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 위의 결과들로 보아 성장효과가 어체 크기에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있고, 성장함에 따라 어분 이용성의 선택 폭이 넓어지므로 어체 크기에 따라 배합사료의 주 단백질원을 적절히 조정하여 값비싼 북양어분 간접식은 다른 값싼 어분으로 일부 또는 완전히 대체 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the utilization of various types of fish meal as dietary protein sources in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). In the first experiment, averaging 5.7g fish were divided into two groups and fed one of diets containing 55% steam-dried white fish meal (SWFM) or 55% brown fish meal (BFM) for 45 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency from fish fed SWFM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those from fish fed BFM diet. However, daily feed intake, protein retention and lipid retention were not influenced by the two different diets. In the second experiment, averaging 86.6g fish were divided into six groups and fed one of diets containing 56% SWFM, 28% SWFM+31% flame-dried white fish meal (FWFM), 62% FWFM, 28% SWFM+31% BFM, 56% BFM, or 28% SWFM+29% hydrolyzed fish protein (HFP) for 21 weeks. No significant differences were found among fish fed the six different diets in weight gain, feed efficiency, condition factor, whole body composition, and relative liver weight. Results of the present studies indicated that fish size should be considered in selecting feed ingredients and also feed cost could be lowered by replacing SWFM with FWFM or BFM in growing Korean rockfish diet.