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Energy Value of Carbohydrate and Lipids with Added Calcium for Growing Mice
Khalil, Dania A.,Owens, Fredric N.,Hanson, Christa F. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2000 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.5 No.2
The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.
Kim, Do Heui,Mudiyanselage, Kumudu,Szanyi, Já,nos,Hanson, Jonathan C.,Peden, Charles H. F. American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.8
<P>Based on the combined FTIR and XRD studies, we report here that H<SUB>2</SUB>O induces a morphological change of KNO<SUB>3</SUB> species formed on model K<SUB>2</SUB>O/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NOx storage-reduction catalysts. Specifically as evidenced by FTIR, the contact of H<SUB>2</SUB>O with NO<SUB>2</SUB> preadsorbed on K<SUB>2</SUB>O/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> promotes the transformation from bidentate (surface-like) KNO<SUB>3</SUB> species to ionic (bulk-like) ones irrespective of K loadings. Once H<SUB>2</SUB>O is removed from the sample, a reversible transformation into bidentate KNO<SUB>3</SUB> is observed, demonstrating a significant dependence of H<SUB>2</SUB>O on such morphological change. TR-XRD results show the formation of two different types of bulk KNO<SUB>3</SUB> phases (orthorhomobic and rhombohedral) in an as-impregnated sample. Once H<SUB>2</SUB>O begins to desorb above 400 K, the former is transformed into the latter, resulting in the existence of rhombohedral KNO<SUB>3</SUB> phase only. On the basis of consistent FTIR and TR-XRD results, we propose a model for the morphological changes of KNO<SUB>3</SUB> species with respect to NO<SUB>2</SUB> adsorption/desorption, H<SUB>2</SUB>O and/or heat treatments. Compared with the BaO/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> system, K<SUB>2</SUB>O/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> shows some similarities with respect to the formation of bulk nitrates upon H<SUB>2</SUB>O contact. However, there are significant differences that originate from the lower melting temperature of KNO<SUB>3</SUB> relative to Ba(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-8/jp410816r/production/images/medium/jp-2013-10816r_0008.gif'></P>
Energy Value of Carbohydrate and Lipids with Added Calcium for Growing Mice
Dania A. Khalil,Fredric N. Owens,Christa F. Hanson 한국식품영양과학회 2000 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.5 No.2
The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with supplemental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25. Added calcium depressed (p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater (p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the availability of energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.