국보 제24호 석굴암의 보존환경

홍정기,엄두성,Hong, Jung-Ki,Eom, Doo-Sung 국립문화재연구소 2003 保存科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

Yearly mean temperature and relative-humidity of the Seokguram Grotto was measured $19~23^{\circ}C$, 40~44% from May, 1998 to December,2002. The measurement has little differences comparing to the optimum guideline (temperature : $20^{\circ}\pm2^{\circ}C$, relative-humidity : $50^{\circ}\pm5%$). It is necessary to increase humidity in the Seokguram Grotto during winter because of heating and decrease the temperature during summer because of a higher temperature of outside. In addition, the diurnal range keep in $4^{\circ}C$ of temperature and in 10% of relative-humidity. Yearly mean concentration of $CO_2$(carbon dioxide) was measured538~658ppm that is higher than concentration of normal atmosphere(360 ppm). The $CO_2$ has an cumulative effect on the surface of stone cultural properties as a form of carbonic acid($H_2CO_3$) after reaction with water. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system should be operated to maintain ideal state for the preservation according to the optimum guideline. Also, the entrance into the Seokguram Grotto should be controlled to prevent a sudden fluctuation of humidity and temperature. Human could carry small particles like a microdust, microbe, etc., into the Seokguram Grotto and also could damage the surface by a direct touch.

석조문화재 보호각의 보존환경 연구(I)-경주배리석불입상, 서산마애삼존불상을 중심으로

홍정기,엄두성,정용재,삼정순지,Hong, Jung-Ki,Eom, Doo-Sung,Chung, Young-Jae,Masayuki Morii 국립문화재연구소 2005 保存科學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

Most of the stone cultural properties is exposed to the weathering factor(rain, windetc.), so the shelter is constructed for reduction of its direct effect. But the shelter is indicated some problems that inharmoniousness of the surroundings, in section disturbance for insufficiency of light, the loss about the value of cultural properties and so on. So we have investigated on environmental condition (temperature, relative humidity, wind etc.) at the Standing Stone Buddhist Triad in Bae-ri, Gyeongju and Rock-carved Triad Buddha in Seosan because check the effect of the shelter. As the result, the Standing Stone Buddhist Triad in Bae-ri, Gyeongju is located a pine wood and a lot of bamboo grow naturally in nearing. Environmental difference on inside and outside of the shelter is not found because opened on all sides. But there is so dim for the direction of the sunlight that can't see the Standing Stone Buddhist. The base rock of Rock-carved Triad Buddha in Seosan well develop with crack and break, and the vegetation(trees, moss, lichen etc.) grow naturally in surroundings. Environmental difference on inside and outside of the shelter is found because closed on all sides and opened the front gate only inspection time. Inside of the shelter was too calm(air-velocity not detected) and humid(over 75%RH). Also the surface is occurred the dew(at 2-4 pm) and the efflorescence for effect of the water(rain, dew etc.). Besides the head of the central Buddhist is so dangerous for crack.

원각사지10층석탑 보호각 내부 보존환경 조사연구

홍정기,엄두성,김순관,Hong, Jung-Ki,Eom, Doo-Sung,Kim, Soon-Kwan 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

Seoul City built a facility for conservation of the Wongaksajisipcheungseoktap (Ten storied stone pagoda of Wongaksa Temple site, National treasure No. 2). It has speciality glass(thickness 21.5㎜) between steel-frames(8.4m, length 8.4m, height 15.4m). So we investigated the inside of facility to know whether the environment alvariation exists. We measured continuously the temperature and relative humidity, twice for the particulate, once for the $SO_2$(sulfur dioxide), $NO_2$(nitrogen dioxide)and $O_3$(ozone) from September $1_st$, 2000 to August $31_st$, 2001.The temperature and relative humidity, have a tendency to vary, and they have no difference between the inside and the outside. As dewy phenomenon doesn appear on the surface of the Pagoda and facility we know that the inside air is moving. As a result of the particulate is $64\mug$/$m_3$ of average concentration, the particulate fluxed inside don’t flow out because air-velocity of the outside is faster than that of the inside. The air pollutants are 0.036ppm/hr of SO$_2$average concentration, 0.028ppm/hr of $NO_2$ average concentration and 0.008ppm/hr of $O_3$ average concentration which are lower than the Environmental Air Quality Standards($SO_2$ : 0.15ppm/hr, $NO_2$ : 0.25ppm/hr,O3 : 0.1ppm/hr).

문화재 전시 및 수장시설 내에서의 보존환경 조사연구

홍정기,김사덕,김순관,강대일,이명희,Hong, Jung-Ki,Kim, Sa-Dug,Kim, Soon-Kwan,Kang, Dai-Ill,Lee, Myeong-Hui 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The facilities of exhibition and collection for cultural properties is affected by environmental pollution. In order to accumulate a store of basic data, we was investigated eight points(three points at exhibition room and five points at collection room) at four institutes, from December 2000 to March 2001.As a result of investigation, the temperature of A-Exhibition room measured low because of don’t moved HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) System, B Exhibition room is dry for the effect of air-conditioner and the air pollutants concentration of C-Exhibition room is high for the kind of an exhibition room. The air-condition was varied within the open period. The air pollutants concentration of A-Collection room is measured high because the air-pollutants is generated in a new buildings and the air pollutants concentration of C-1 & C-2-Collection room is high for the kind of an collection room. It is necessary to ventilate sufficiently.

한강수계 굴포천과 안양천에서 안정동위원소와 수질 특성을 이용한 입자성 물질의 기원 추적

홍정기 ( Jung-ki Hong ),임종권 ( Jong Kwon Im ),손주연 ( Ju Yeon Son ),노혜란 ( Hye-ran Noh ),유순주 ( Soon-ju Yu ),이보미 ( Bo-mi Lee ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2020 한국물환경학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study aims to identify the characteristics of organic matter and pollutant sources using water quality and stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C) of the two inflow tributaries (Gulpo (GP) and Anyang (AY) streams). Water samples were analyzed in June and September 2018, and the results showed that the concentrations of nutrients, such as TN and NO₃-N, were increased at GP4, which is located at the downstream of sewage treatment facilities(STFs). TOC and TN ratios showed a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.77, p<0.01) at all points except for GP4. The results of GP’s stable isotope ratio analysis do not appear to be a constant cluster compared to AY because GPs with large amounts of pollutants from the industry (metal processing companies, etc.) have less tributary, shorter waterway and significantly different external sources. This could be attributed to different sources of external inflow despite its smaller number of tributaries and shorter waterways than AY. In the first half of the year, the δ¹⁵N of GP4 was affected by discharge of STFs, while AY3 seemed to have an influence of tributary than the discharge of STFs. Consequently, using water quality, stable isotope ratio and C/N, the sources of contamination in two streams with different contaminants were identified and origin was estimated.

위상최적화를 이용한 수직 다관절 로봇의 경량 설계

홍성기(Seong Ki Hong),홍정기(Jung Ki Hong),김태현(Tae Hyun Kim),박진균(Jin Kyun Park),김상현(Sang Hyun Kim),장강원(Gang-Won Jang) 대한기계학회 2012 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.36 No.12

수직 다관절 로봇의 세 가지 주요 부품인 베이스프레임, 하부프레임, 상부프레임의 경량화를 위하여 위상최적화를 적용하였다. 위상최적화를 위한 설계 영역은 기존 모델을 포함시키는 단순 영역으로 설정하고 이를 삼차원 솔리드 요소로 이산화하였다. 설계 변수들은 SIMP 법을 사용하여 각각의 요소의 물성치를 파라미터화 시켰다. 로봇의 다물체 동역학 해석으로부터 얻어진 하중들을 로봇의 하중조건으로 부여하였으며 최적화의 목적 함수는 구조의 정적, 동적 강성의 조합으로 설정하고 제한조건은 질량제한 조건을 부과하였다. 위상최적설계로 얻은 결과는 주조 제조에 용이한 설계로 후처리하였다. 최종 최적화 모델은 기존 모델과 비교하여 비슷하거나 큰 정적, 동적 강성을 가지면서 베이스프레임은 11.0%, 하부프레임은 12.0%, 상부프레임은 10.0% 경량화시킬 수 있었다. Topology optimization is applied for the lightweight design of three main parts of a vertical articulated robot: a base frame, a lower and a upper frame. Design domains for optimization are set as large solid regions that completely embrace the original parts, which are discretized by using three-dimensional solid elements. Design variables are parameterized one-to-one to the material properties of each element by using the SIMP method. The objective of optimization is set as the multi-objective form combining the natural frequencies and mean compliances of a structure for which load steps of interest are selected from the multibody dynamics analysis of a robot. The obtained results of topology optimization are post-processed to designs favorable to manufacturability for casting process. The final optimized results are 11.0% (base frame), 12.0% (lower frame) and 10.0% (upper frame) lighter with similar or even higher static and dynamic stiffnesses than the original models.

위상최적화를 이용한 수직 다관절 로봇의 경량 설계

홍성기(Seong Ki Hong),홍정기(Jung Ki Hong),김태현(Tae Hyun Kim),박진균(Jin Kyun Park),김상현(Sang Hyun Kim),장강원(Gang-Won Jang) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.5-2

추자도의 식물상

홍정기 ( Jeong Ki Hong ),정수영 ( Su Young Jung ),지성진 ( Seong Jin Ji ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ),양종철 ( Jong Cheol Yang ),장계선 ( Kae Sun Chang ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 추자도의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물을 조사하였다. 2013년 4월부터 9월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 그 결과 관속식물은 90과 272속 386종 2아종 54변종 7품종 449분류군이 확인되었다. 한국 특산식물은 솔비나무 1분류군이 확인되었다. 산림청지정 희귀식물은 10분류군으로 눈향나무, 시호, 백량금, 덩굴민백미꽃 등이 조사되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 V등급, VI등급이 각각 2분류군, III등급 9분류군, II등급 3분류군, I등급 29분류군 등 45분류군이 발견되었다. 귀화식물은 애기수영, 서양금혼초, 방울새풀, 냄새냉이 등 57분류군으로 확인되었으며, 귀화율은 13%로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Chujado. The vascular plants were collected 3 times, and were identified as 449 taxa; 90 families, 272 genera, 386 species, 2 subspecies, 54 varieties and 7 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were 12 taxa; Maackia fauriei. Rare plants of this area were 10 taxa; Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Bupleurum falcatum, Ardisia crenata, Cynanchum japonicum, etc. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 80 taxa: 2 taxa of grade V, 6 taxa of grade IV, 25 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade II and 45 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were identified as 57 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 13% of total 595 taxa vascular plants; Rumex acetosella, Hypochaeris radicata, Briza minor, Coronopus didymus, etc.

한반도 미기록 외래식물: 작은잎물통이(쐐기풀과)와 남방향유(꿀풀과)

홍정기(Jeong-Ki Hong),김중현(Jung-Hyun Kim),김유리(Yu-Ri Kim),김진석(Jin-Seok Kim) 한국자원식물학회 2021 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Two unrecorded alien plants, Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. (Urticaceae) and Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. (Lamiaceae), were found in Korea. P. microphylla was discovered in Seoul-si and Jeju-do. This species is distinguished from other related Korean taxa by leaf characteristics such as spatulate or obovate shape and 2-7 ㎜ long with entire margin. E. griffithii was discovered in Incheon-si. This species is defined by spikes, narrowly lanceolate bract with 3 ㎜ long and relatively shorter corolla length as ca 2.5 ㎜. Here, we provide Korean name, descriptions of the morphological characteristics, photographs and a key to allied taxa.

Web기반 GIS 부문방전 진단 시스템 개발

김홍석(Hong-Seok Kim),홍정기(Jung-Ki Hong),최대희(Dae-Hee Choi),이학성(Hahk-Sung Lee),오재훈(Jae-Hun Oh) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

GIS 부분방전 진단 시스템은 가스 절연개 폐장치(GIS: Gas Insulated Switchgear) 내부에서 발생 하는 UHF 대역의 부분방전 신호를 측정하며 이상신호 가 발생하연 위상에 대한 부분방전 패턴을 분석하고 원인을 진단한다. 이러한 GIS 부분방전 진단 시스템은 다수의 변전소에 설치되어 운전되며 중앙제어센터에서 통합하여 관리하고자 할 경우 네트워크와 데이터베이스에 병목현상이 발생한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 Web을 통한 시스템의 분산화와 정보의 구분을 통한 정보의 분류로 병목현상을 줄이는 Web기반 GIS 부분방선 진단 시스템의 개발에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.