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소양호 유역과 가두리로부터의 인부하량 및 인수지 ( Phosphorus Budget )
허우명,김범철,안태석,이기종 ( Woo Myung Heo,Bomchul Kim,Tae Seok Ahn,Ki Jong Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.4
Phosphorus loading into Lake Soyang was estimated by determining phosphorus input via runoff of drainage basin and the phosphorus discharge from floating-net fishfarms within the lake. The loading from drainage basin was determined by measuring total phosphorus concentration in the main inflowing stream, Soyang River, from July 1990 to May 1992. Because the total phosphorus concentration and the flow rate of Soyang River was high in flood period, most of phosphorus loading was concentrated in rainy season. Phosphorus discharge of fishfarms was estimated from the amount of fishfeed applied annually and the unit rate of phosphorus excretion per feed weight. The loading from the watershed and fishfarms were calculated to be 104 and 48 tP/yr, respectively. Both combined, the phosphorus loading of Lake Soyang far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The amount of phosphorus discharge through outflowing water was 62 tP/yr. Thus the retention rate of phosphorus was 0.59.
Enclosure 실험에 의한 환경요인이 소양호 식물플랑크톤 군집변화에 미치는 영향연구
허우명,김범철,조규송 ( Woo Myung Heo,Bomchul Kim,Kyu Song Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.2
Enclosures (1m diameter and 1.5m deep) established five at dam site during bloom of Peridinium bips in Lake Soyang. The changes of phytoplankton community were surveyed that the each enclosures controled by acid (pH 4.0 by HC1), CO_2(6.0∼7.01/min), aeration (21/min) and phosphate (0.1mg/1 by KH_2PO_4). The results indicated that Peridinium bipes appeared in the control and added phosphate bag all the time during the study periods. In addition, in the bag of added CO_2, Peridinium bipes disappeared during the adding CO_2, but it appeared again after stopped the adding CO_2. In added aeration and acid bag, Peridinium bipes was replaced with the Asterionella after a few days. And, although under the condition of low pH, acid bag after added the phosphate dominanted by Chlorophyte, Crytomonas of small cell size.
소양호 부영양화에 따른 N/P 비의 변화와 남조류 Bloom
허우명,김범철,조규송 ( Woo Myung Heo,Bomchul Kim,Kyu Song Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1991 생태와 환경 Vol.24 No.4
After the first advent in 1986 two species of Anabaena spiroides and A. macrospora showed increasing dominacy year by year, which is thought to be enhanced by the increase of phosphorus concentration and the decrease of N/P ratio caused mainly by the phosphorus discharge from fishfarms within the lake. The bluegreen algal bloom in a water without nitrogen depletion is the unique feature in Lake Soyang. Nitratenitrogen was maintained always above 0.5 mg N/l throughout the year, though the NO_3-N/TP ratio decreased from 100 in 1984 to 50 in 1990 due to the increase of phosphorus content. High nitrogen concentration and scarcity of heterocyst in trichomes of Anabaena implies that nitrogen fixing ability is not critical for the bluegreen algal dominance in Lake Soyang. In the bag cultivation of Anabaena, the number of haterocysts increased with the addition of phosphorus which induced nitrogen depletion and the reduction of N/P ratio through algal growth.
허우명,김범철,황길순,최광순,박원규 ( Woo Myung Heo,Bom Chul Kim,Gil Son Hwang,Kwang Soon Choi,Won Kyu Park ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.2
The longitudinal variations of water quality along the mainstream of the Nakdong River from May 1994 to October was surveyed by the measurement of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and secchi disc transparancy. Chl. a, TP, TN, DIP, NO_3-N and NH_3-N concentration was maintained at high level during the investigation period. And they also showed the peak after the input of Kumho River. Chl. a concentration increased from 14.2mg/m^3 in May to 95.2 in October. TP and TN concentration was maintained always above 100mg/m^3 and 3∼4mgN/l, respectively. TN/TP ratio were less than 16 from June to September with a few exceptions. Therefore, nitrogen is the limiting nutrient in the Nakdong River. Trophic states were in the range of eutrophic to hypertrophic, from 60 to 80.
허우명 ( Woo Myung Heo ),권상용 ( Sang Yong Kwon ),김범철 ( Bom Chul Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 2004 생태와 환경 Vol.37 No.4
A limnological survey was conducted in a reservoir, Lake Hoengsung located in Kangwondo, Korea, from July 2000 to September 2001 on the monthly basis. Phosphorus loading from the watershed was estimated by measuring total phosphorus concentration in the main tributary. Secchi disc transparency, epilimnetic (0-5 m) turbidity, chlorophyll a (Chl-α), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and silica concentration were in the range of 0.9-3.5 m, 0.1-8.5 NTU, 0.3^(-3)2.4 ㎎Chl m^(-3), 5-46 ㎎P m^(-3), 0.83-3.55 ㎎N L^(-1) and 0.5-9.6 ㎎Si L^(-1), respectively. Green algae and cyanobacteria dominated phytoplankton community in warm seasons, from July through October, 2000. In July a green alga (Scenedesmus sp.) was dominant with a maximum cell density of 10,480 cells mL. Cyanobacteria (Microcystics sp.) dominated in August and September with cell density of 3,492 and 296 cells mL, respectively. Species diversity of phytoplankton was highest (2.22) in July. The trophic state of the reservoir can be classified as eutrophic on the basis of TP, Chl-α, and Secchi disc transparency. Because TP concentration was high in flood period, most of phosphorus loading was concentrated in rainy season. TP loading was calculated by multiplying TP and flow rate. The dam managing company measured inflow rate of the reservoir daily, while TP was measured by weekly surveys. TP of unmeasured days was estimated from the empirical relationship of TP and the flow rate of the main tributary; TP = 5.59Q^(0.45)(R2 = 0.47). Annual TP loading was calculated to be 4.45 tP yr^(-1), and the areal P loading was 0.77 gP m^(-2) yr^(-1) which is similar to the critical P loading for eutrophication by Vollenweider`s phosphorus model, 0.72 gP m^(-2) yr^(-1).
상수원지 ( 달방댐 ) 에서 수중폭기에 따른 수질변화 연구
허우명(Woo Myung Heo),김재옥(Jae Ok Kim),김범철(Bom Chul Kim) 한국물환경학회 1999 한국물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.3
The effect of aeration on the water quality was investigated in a reservoir, Lake Dalbang, which is utilized for the water supply to Donghae City. Water quality has been getting worse from the beginning of impoundment and recently it showed the indication of eutrophication, such as the increase of cyanobacterial density and odor problem in drinking water. Six aerators were installed to improve water quality in 1996. Phytoplankton community and the concentrations of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen were measured from April, 1995 to December, 1997. The thermal stratification was destroyed after the onset of aeration. DO of September and October increased from 4-6 ㎎O₂/L before aeration in 1995 to 7-8 ㎎O₂/L in 1996 and 1997 after the destratification. The whole lake became isothermal at 18-20℃. Total phosphorus concentration of the water column decreased slightly from 15-40 ㎎P/㎥ in 1995 to 15-30 ㎎P/㎥ in 1997. The total algal biomass of growing season increased from 178 ㎎Chl.a/㎡ in 1995 to 1150 ㎎Chl.a/㎡ in 1997. But cyanobacterial cell density decreased from 20,640 cells/mL in August 1995 to 20-50 cells/mL in August 1997. Blue-green and green algae showed rapid decreasing trend since 1995, while diatom increased in 1996 and 1997. The dominant species in warm seasons of 1995 was Anabaena macrospora(occasionally Microcystis sp.). It was replaced by Asterionella formosa and Melosira granulara in 1997. From the result it can be concluded that total phytoplankton biomass increased by aeration.