http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
원자력 및 신재생에너지 발전의 CO<sub>2</sub> 감축 비용 효율성 비교
이용성 ( Yongsung Lee ),김현석 ( Hyun Seok Kim ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회 2021 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.30 No.4
본 연구는 우리나라 발전 부문의 원자력과 신재생에너지 발전의 온실가스 감축효과를 추정하고, 원자력 발전의 사고위험에 따른 외부비용을 포함한 발전 비용을 고려하여 두 발전원의 온실가스 감축비용의 효율성을 비교하였다. 모형의 추정결과, 원자력 및 신재생에너지 발전 1% 증가는 각각 0.744%와 0.127%의 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출량을 감축시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출량을 1% 감축시키기 위해서는 원자력 발전은 1.344%, 신재생에너지 발전은 7.874% 증가시켜야 함을 의미한다. 추정된 계수와 원자력 발전의 외부비용 포함 발전비용을 사용하여 1%의 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출량 감축을 위한 총 비용을 도출한 결과, 전체 발전량이 1MWh로 가정할 때 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출량 1%를 감축시키기 위한 원자력 발전비용은 외부비용에 따라 0.72~1.49달러로 계산되었으며, 신재생에너지 발전비용은 6.49달러로 나타났다. 이를 2020년 우리나라 총 화석연료 발전량(352,706GWh)을 기준으로 계산할 경우, 원자력 발전은 2.54억~5.26억 달러, 신재생에너지 발전은 22.89억 달러로 신재생에너지 발전이 원자력 발전보다 4.35~9.01배의 비용이 더 소요되는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 발전 부문의 온실가스 감축을 위해서는 원자력 발전이 신재생에너지 발전에 비해 높은 비용 효율성을 가지는 것을 알 수 있었다. The objective of this study is to estimate the relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and both nuclear power and renewable energy generation, and compare the cost efficiencies of nuclear power and renewable energy generation in reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in Korea. The results show that nuclear power and renewable energy generation should be increased by 1.344% and 7.874% to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 1%, respectively. Using the estimated coefficients and the levelized costs of electricity by source including the external costs, if the current amount of electricity generation is one megawatt-hour, the range of generation cost of nuclear power generation to reduce 1% CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is $0.72~$1.49 depending on the level of external costs. In the case of renewable energy generation, the generation cost to reduce 1% CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is $6.49. That is, to mitigate 1% of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at the total electricity generation of 353 million MWh in 2020 in Korea, the total generation costs range for nuclear power is $254 million~$526 million for the nuclear power, and the cost for renewable energy is $2.289 billion for renewable energy. Hence, we can conclude that, in Korea, nuclear power generation is more cost-efficient than renewable energy generation in mitigating CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, even with the external costs of nuclear power generation.
이용성(Lee Yongsung) 새한영어영문학회 2003 새한영어영문학 Vol. No.
This paper deals with apparently exceptional primary stresses on final syllables. Due to the high-ranking nature of NonFinality, the English main stress avoids the final syllable. But in spite of the general tendency of non-final primary stress, English has certain subsets of words with primary stress on final syllables, which are simply ignored or are pushed aside with ad hoc suggestions in the literature. This paper presents a systematic explanation to these apparent exceptions. The main idea is that there is a set of Ft'Harmony constraints that interact with NonFinality to sometimes produce final primary stress. The harmonic scale, |(CVV[+high)|>|(CV.CV)|>|(CVV[-high|>|(CVC)|, is the key in understanding final primary stress. In disyllabic words where both of the syllables are heavy, the stress generally goes to the initial syllable. But, if the HH is composed of (CVC)(CVV) or (CVV[-high]) (CVV[+high]), then the work of Ft'Harmony pushes the primary stress to the final syllable. The proposal in this paper is extended to cover (LL) (H) cases where we sometimes find final primary stress. In these cases, we find that the final H syllable invariably has a long high vowel. Therefore, the harmonic scale of the head foot allows the final syllable with a long high vowel to take the main stress.
이용성(Lee, Yongsung) 새한영어영문학회 2012 새한영어영문학 Vol.54 No.4
This paper deals with the different behavior of {-ous} before {-ity}. {-ous} is deleted in some examples as shown in continuous-continuity. But it remains undeleted in some other cases as in the curious-curiosity pair. The earliest attempt to deal with this deviant behavior is made by Aronoff (1976), who introduces the term “truncative morphology” to explain the truncation of {-ous} before {-ity}. His basic assumption is that {-ous} is truncated when followed by {-ity}. The presence of {-ous}, in his explanation, is due to some exceptional clauses attached to the truncation rule. This approach, however, fails to produce the general picture of {-ous} deletion. This paper goes to the actual data to examine the reality of {-ous} deletion. The search with WordNavagator produces 2,620 words that end in {-ous} and 2,183 words that end in {-ity}. The cross checking and review of the data shows that in 85 words, {-ous} is present before {-ity} and it is deleted in 109 words. A closer examination of these data reveals that there are constraints that allow the presence of {-ous} in certain environments. Aronoff is correct in that {-ous} is basically deleted before {-ity}, but it is also shown that {-ous} stays to satisfy higher constraints. With the proposed ranking, [Parse-σ ≫ PU(stress) ≫ NoEmbedded(-ous)], this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the presence and the absence of {-ous}. The basic idea is that {-ous} is deleted before {-ity}. But when the deletion results in more unfooted syllables or in moving the stress away from its original position and the presence can resolve these problems, {-ous} stays to satisfy higher demand on parsing or on stress uniformity. It is also noticed that there are apparent exceptions to this analysis. Nevertheless, this paper takes them into account and presents the explanation to the apparent exceptions without abandoning the analysis.