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Lee, Jea Uk,Jung, Jae Woong,Emrick, Todd,Russell, Thomas P.,Jo, Won Ho Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.20 No.16
<P>A new C<SUB>60</SUB>-end capped poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB>) was synthesized <I>via</I> a simple three-step process, and used as a compatibilizer for P3HT/PCBM composite for the purpose of controlling the morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite film, and thus improving the long-term thermal stability of solar cell performance. When a small amount of P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> was added to P3HT/PCBM, the bicontinuous and nanometre-scale film morphology was developed and preserved for 2 h of annealing at 150 °C. Furthermore, the addition of P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> as a compatibilizer suppressed large-scale phase separation of P3HT/PCBM composite even after prolonged annealing time (8 days), and as a result, the P3HT/PCBM/P3HT-C<SUB>60</SUB> bulk heterojunction solar cells exhibited the excellent long-term thermal stability of device performance.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new C<SUB>60</SUB>-end capped poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized <I>via</I> a simple three-step process, and used as a compatibilizer for P3HT/PCBM composite for the purpose of controlling the morphology of P3HT/PCBM composite film and thus improving the long-term thermal stability of solar cell performance. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b923752f'> </P>
Lee, Jea Uk,Cirpan, Ali,Emrick, Todd,Russell, Thomas P.,Jo, Won Ho Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.10
<P>A new, well-defined diblock copolymer (P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB>) based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene was synthesized. First, regioregular P3HT was synthesized through Grignard metathesis polymerization, and then methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were copolymerized by using an end-functionalized P3HT as a macroinitiator for the atom transfer radical polymerization to yield a diblock copolymer (P3HT-<I>b</I>-P(MMA-<I>r</I>-HEMA)). A fullerene derivative functionalized with carboxylic acid, [6,6]-phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid (PCBA), was then chemically linked to the HEMA unit in the second block (P(MMA-<I>r</I>-HEMA)) to produce a diblock copolymer with the second block containing fullerenes. Annealing thin films of the copolymer revealed nanometer-scale phase separation, a more suitable morphology for enabling excitons generated in the P3HT domain to more efficiently reach the donor–acceptor interface, relative to simple blends of P3HT and C<SUB>60</SUB>. As a result, photoluminescence of the P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB> diblock copolymer in the films showed a complete quenching of photoluminescence of P3HT, which is indicative of charge transfer between P3HT and fullerene.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new, well-defined diblock copolymer (P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB>) based on regioregular P3HT and fullerene showed phase separation on a nanometer scale, which allows the excitons generated in the P3HT domain to reach the donor–acceptor interface more efficiently. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b813368a'> </P>
Lee, Jea Uk,Jung, Jae Woong,Emrick, Todd,Russell, Thomas P,Jo, Won Ho IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.10
<P>A well defined diblock copolymer (P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB>) based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was synthesized via two controlled polymerization steps and used as a compatibilizer for the P3HT/PCBM blend, which has widely been used as an active layer in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The addition of a small amount of P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB> results in not only the reduction of phase size of P3HT/PCBM blend but also the suppression of macrophase separation for long-time thermal annealing owing to the preferential location of the diblock copolymers at the interface between P3HT and PCBM phases. The morphology change with the annealing time is closely related to the change of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells: the PCE of P3HT/PCBM greatly decreases with increasing annealing time while the addition of P3HT-<I>b</I>-C<SUB>60</SUB> significantly reduces the decrease of PCE for long-time thermal annealing. </P>
Hyuk-Min Kwon,In-Shik Han,Jung-Deuk Bok,Sang-Uk Park,Yi-Jung Jung,Ga-Won Lee,Yi-Sun Chung,Jung-Hwan Lee,Chang Yong Kang,Kirsch, P,Jammy, R,Hi-Deok Lee IEEE 2011 IEEE electron device letters Vol.32 No.5
<P>The behavior of I<SUB>D</SUB> random telegraph signal (RTS) noise of a p-MOSFET with an advanced gate stack of HfO<SUB>2</SUB>/TaN is experimentally investigated and discussed. The I<SUB>D</SUB>-RTS noise is evaluated on a wafer level (100 sites) for statistical evaluation. The observed ratio of I<SUB>D</SUB>-RTS noise on a wafer is quite similar to that of a p-MOSFET with the conventional plasma-SiON dielectric, which means that the noise distribution on a wafer level is independent of the gate oxide structure and/or material. However, the relative magnitude of change of the drain current to the applied current (ΔI<SUB>D</SUB>/I<SUB>D</SUB>) of the p-MOSFETs with high-k (HK) dielectrics is greater than that of p-MOSFETs with conventional plasma-SiON dielectrics by about six times due to the greater number of preexisting bulk traps in the HK dielectric. Therefore, I<SUB>D</SUB>-RTS noise and its associated 1/f noise can present a serious issue to the CMOSFET with an advanced HK dielectric for low-power analog and mixed-signal applications.</P>
Highly conductive and dispersible graphene and its application in P3HT-based solar cells
Mahmoudi, Tahmineh,Rho, Won-Yeop,Yang, Hwa-Young,Silva, S. Ravi P.,Hahn, Yoon-Bong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Chemical communications Vol.50 No.63
<P>A simple reduction method without the need for high-temperature annealing is proposed for highly conductive and dispersible graphene sheets. This method consists of the grafting of graphene oxide (GO) with 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA) and the exothermic reduction of the PCA-grafted GO, followed by an endothermic decarboxylation with refluxing hot water. The PCA-grafted reduced graphene oxide (PCA-rGO) has a high conductivity of ∼1.52 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> S m<SUP>−1</SUP>. Upon incorporating the rGO-PCA in active and electron transport layers of organic solar cells, compared to P3HT-only devices (0.18%) a 16-fold increase in the power conversion efficiency (2.85%) is obtained, attributed to a substantial increase in the short-circuit current density from 0.017 to 12.09 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Structure of an inverted solar cell with the P3HT–PCA-rGO hybrid in the active layer and graphene oxide as the hole transport layer. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cc03692a'> </P>
Kim, Minah,Park, Hyeung Ju,Seol, Jae Won,Jang, Jeon Yeob,Cho, Young-Suk,Kim, Kyu Rae,Choi, Youngsok,Lydon, John P,DeMayo, Francesco J,Shibuya, Masabumi,Ferrara, Napoleone,Sung, Hoon-Ki,Nagy, Andras,Al Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 EMBO molecular medicine Vol.5 No.9
<P>The features and regulation of uterine angiogenesis and vascular remodelling during pregnancy are poorly defined. Here we show that dynamic and variable decidual angiogenesis (sprouting, intussusception and networking), and active vigorous vascular remodelling such as enlargement and elongation of ‘vascular sinus folding’ (VSF) and mural cell drop-out occur distinctly in a spatiotemporal manner in the rapidly growing mouse uterus during early pregnancy — just after implantation but before placentation. Decidual angiogenesis is mainly regulated through VEGF-A secreted from the progesterone receptor (PR)-expressing decidual stromal cells which are largely distributed in the anti-mesometrial region (AMR). In comparison, P<SUB>4</SUB>-PR-regulated VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signalling, ligand-independent VEGFR3 signalling and uterine natural killer (uNK) cells positively and coordinately regulate enlargement and elongation of VSF. During the postpartum period, Tie2 signalling could be involved in vascular maturation at the endometrium in a ligand-independent manner, with marked reduction of VEGF-A, VEGFR2 and PR expressions. Overall, we show that two key vascular growth factor receptors — VEGFR2 and Tie2 — strikingly but differentially regulate decidual angiogenesis and vascular remodelling in rapidly growing and regressing uteri in an organotypic manner.</P>
Ying-Ying Zhang,Jungwoo Oh,In-Shik Han,Zhun Zhong,Shi-Guang Li,Soon-Yen Jung,Kee-Young Park,Hong-Sik Shin,Won-Ho Choi,Hyuk-Min Kwon,Wei-Yip Loh,Majhi, P.,Jammy, R.,Hi-Deok Lee IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.56 No.2
<P>Highly thermally stable Ni germanide technology for high performance germanium metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (Ge MOSFETs) is proposed, utilizing Pd incorporation into Ni germanide. The proposed Ni germanide shows not only the improvement of thermal stability but also the reduction of hole barrier height, which can improve the device on-current by reducing the Ni germanide to p+ source/drain contact resistance. The proposed Ni germanide showed a stable sheet resistance of up to 500 degrees C 30-min postgermanidation annealing due to the suppression of agglomeration and oxidation of Ni germanide and the diffusion of Ni and Ge atoms by the incorporated Pd. Therefore, the proposed Ni0.95Pd0.05, alloy could be promising for the high mobility Ge MOSFET applications.</P>
Kim, M. K.,Won, H. J.,Kim, H. J.,Choi, S. S.,Lee, H. S.,Kim, P.,Kim, E. S. Published by Stockton Press on behalf of the Socie 2016 Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology Vol. No.
<P>A polyene compound NPP identified in Pseudonocardia autotrophica was shown to contain an aglycone identical to nystatin, but to harbor a unique disaccharide moiety that led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic activity. Recently, it was revealed that the final step of NPP (nystatin-like polyene) biosynthesis is C10 regio-specific hydroxylation by the cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP) NppL (Kim et al. [7]). Through mutation and cross-complementation, here we found that NppL preferred a polyene substrate containing a disaccharide moiety for C10 hydroxylation, while its orthologue NysL involved in nystatin biosynthesis showed no substrate preference toward mono- and disaccharide moieties, suggesting that two homologous polyene CYPs, NppL and NysL might possess a unique domain recognizing a sugar moiety. Two hybrid NppL constructs containing the C-terminal domain of NysL exhibited no substrate preference toward 10-deoxy NPP and 10-deoxy nystatin-like NysL, implying that the C-terminal domain plays a major role in differentiating the sugar moiety responsible for substrate specificity. Further C-terminal domain dissection of NppL revealed that the last fifty amino acids play a critical role in determining substrate specificity of polyene-specific hydroxylation, setting the stage for the biotechnological application of hydroxyl diversification for novel polyene biosynthesis in actinomycetes.</P>
Boselli, Monica,Lee, Byung-Hoon,Robert, Jessica,Prado, Miguel A.,Min, Sang-Won,Cheng, Chialin,Silva, M. Catarina,Seong, Changhyun,Elsasser, Suzanne,Hatle, Ketki M.,Gahman, Timothy C.,Gygi, Steven P.,H American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2017 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.292 No.47
<P>The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for most selective protein degradation in eukaryotes and regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle control and protein quality control. A component of this system, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14, associates with the proteasome where it can rescue substrates from degradation by removal of the ubiquitin tag. We previously found that a small-molecule inhibitor of USP14, known as IU1, can increase the rate of degradation of a subset of proteasome substrates. We report here the synthesis and characterization of 87 variants of IU1, which resulted in the identification of a 10-fold more potent USP14 inhibitor that retains specificity for USP14. The capacity of this compound, IU1-47, to enhance protein degradation in cells was tested using as a reporter the microtubule-associated protein tau, which has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Using primary neuronal cultures, IU1-47 was found to accelerate the rate of degradation of wild-type tau, the pathological tau mutants P301L and P301S, and the A152T tau variant. We also report that a specific residue in tau, lysine 174, is critical for the IU1-47–mediated tau degradation by the proteasome. Finally, we show that IU1-47 stimulates autophagic flux in primary neurons. In summary, these findings provide a powerful research tool for investigating the complex biology of USP14.</P>