Tolerance of Anaerobic Granular Sludge to Oxygen

( Shi Ru Jia ),( Ben Yi Xiao ),( Du Bok Choi ),( Ki An Cho ),( Young Sik Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 2003 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.21 No.4

N/A To study the tolerant capacity of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) to oxygen using semi-dynamic batch experiment, the aerating time, pH of the basal media, reductive inorganic materials, microorganism, and microorganism metabolite were investigated. When the aerating time was higher or lower than 0.5 h, the producing gas activity of sludge was lower than that of the control. The oxygen tolerance of the experimental sludge was the highest at the initial pH 7.2. The producing gas activity of sludge I was higher than that of sludge 11. And storage at 4℃ can low the lose of the oxygen tolerance capacity of granular sludge. The producing gas activity of sludge was the highest when KI was added. The growth of aerobic microorganisms and some metabolite could increase the producing gas activity of granular sludge.

Effects of moderate pressure on premeability and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

Shi-Ru Jia,Na-Chen,Yu-Jie Dai,Chang-Sheng Qiao,Jian-Dong Cui,Bo-Ning Liu 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.3

With CO2 and N2 as the pressure media, the effects of the moderate pressure (0.1-1.0MPa) and the holding time on the conductivities of the cell suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1447 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1339, as well as the absorbances of the supernatant (after centrifuged) at 280 nm (A280) and 260 nm (A260) were determined. The membrane permeability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1447 increased significantly and the cell leakage was aggravated with the pressure increase. For Saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC1339, the conductivity of the cell suspension, A280 and A260 of the supernatant fluctuated with the pressure increase; as a whole, they increased with pressure. Different from high pressure, a moderate pressure not only remarkably improved the permeability of the yeast cell membrane, but also kept yeast cell viability; moreover, the integrity of the yeast cell membrane could be maintained.

Production of hydrocortisone by Absidia coerulea in moderate pressure bioconversion system

Shi Ru Jia,Jian Dong Cui 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.4

The effects of moderate pressure (0.1-2.5 MPa) on viability, cell membrane permeability and catalyzing activity of Absidia coerulea for RSA were investigated. A new method for improving the production of Hydrocortisone (HC) from 17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3, 20-dione-21-acetate by Absidia coerulea in moderate pressure was developed. The results showed that the morphology of Abasidia coerulea mycelium was changed in moderate pressure, Absidia coerulea mycelium seemed to be loosed, and cell membrane permeability of Abasidia coerulea mycelium was improved. However, the viability of Abasidia coerulea mycelium could keep high level. Moreover, the yield of HC was improved over 1.25-fold as compared with that of the control (untreated cells), to give the yield of HC as 350 mg/l, when the Abasidia coerulea mycelium was treated with 0.5Mpa the atmosphere as the pressure media. Especially, the production of HC with atmosphere as the pressure media (0.5 MPa) could be increased by the addition of H2O2 (60 mmol/l); the relative yield of HC in moderate pressure was enriched by over 4.5% in comparison with the control. The major composition of bioconverted mixture was reduced. It was indicated that the new approach (moderate pressure) obtained in this work possessed a high potential for the industrial production of HC.

Toxoplasma gondii induces autophagy and apoptosis in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via downregulation of Mcl−1

Chu, Jia-Qi,Jing, Kai-Peng,Gao, Xiang,Li, Peng,Huang, Rui,Niu, Yan-Ru,Yan, Shou-Quan,Kong, Jun-Chao,Yu, Cai-Yuan,Shi, Ge,Fan, Yi-Ming,Lee, Young-Ha,Zhou, Yu,Quan, Juan-Hua Landes Bioscience 2017 Cell Cycle Vol.16 No.5

<P>Autophagy and apoptosis are critical for controlling Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection. T. gondii infection during pregnancy can damage the fetus and cause birth defects; however, the molecular mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. This study aims to determine the activities of autophagy and apoptosis as well as their regulatory mechanisms during T. gondii infection by using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a model of congenital diseases. LC3B, a hallmark protein of autophagy was incrementally upregulated with the infection duration, whereas p62 was downregulated in T. gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Concurrent to this result, the invasion of T. gondii into hUC-MSCs increased in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bim, Bax, Bid and Bak were not altered; however, Mcl-1 levels in hUC-MSCs were dramatically decreased upon T. gondii infection. In addition, at 24h post-infection, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels were elevated in hUC-MSCs. Importantly, Mcl-1 overexpression reduced the levels of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins in T. gondii-infected hUC-MSCs. Mcl-1 proteins were primarily expressed in the fraction containing mitochondria and strongly interacted with Beclin-1 under normal conditions; however, these interactions were remarkably attenuated by T. gondii infection. These results suggest that mitochondrial Mcl-1 is an essential signaling mediator regulating the activation of autophagy and apoptosis during T. gondii infection.</P>

Computed Tomography Arteriography for Detecting the Origin of the Inferior Pyloric Artery in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Zhi-Long Wang,Ru-Lin Miao,Chao Gao,Lei Tang,Zi-Yu Li,Ying-Shi Sun,Jia-Fu Ji 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.3

Objective: To analyze the detection rate of the inferior pyloric artery (IPA) in patients with gastric cancer by computed tomography arteriography (CTA). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients (48 males and 6 females; mean age, 59.0 ± 1.5 years) who had undergone radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from September 2016 to July 2017 at our institution were recruited prospectively. Patients underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scans and CTA imaging reconstruction before the operation. The origin of the IPA in all cases was determined by a radiologist based on CTA images and verified by the surgeon. The accuracy of CTA in diagnosing the origin of the IPA was calculated. Dominant vessels of the origin were analyzed. Results: IPAs were detected by CTA in 51 patients (94.4%). Among these, IPAs originated from the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) (24 cases), the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) (4 cases), and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA) (20 cases). In the remaining 3 cases, the IPAs contained two branches originating from the RGEA and ASPDA, respectively. During surgery, in 2 (3.7%) of the 54 cases of gastric cancer, IPAs could not be detected; the IPAs originated from the RGEA (22 cases), GDA (5 cases), and ASPDA (24 cases). One case had an IPA originating from both the RGEA and the GDA. Finally, the accuracy of CTA in diagnosing the origin artery of the IPA was 85.2% (46/54). Conclusion: CTA can detect the origin of the IPA accurately, which can aid surgeons while performing pylorus-preserving operations.

Cultivation of Nostoc flagelliforme on Solid Medium

( Jian Yu Su ),( Shi Ru Jia ),( Chang Sheng Qiao ),( Jung Gyu Kim ),( Wan Hae Hong ),( Ki An Cho ),( Du Bok Choi ) 한국환경생물학회 2005 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.23 No.2

N/A In order to construct an artificial cultivation of Nostoc flagelliforme on solid medium, we attempted to assess the viability of approaches, which utilized either BG -11 agar or sand medium using both sterile and non-sterile algal segments. In the trial in which the BG-11 agar medium was inoculated with the non-sterile algal segments, the algae exhibited the rapid growth in the initial 4 days of cultivation. However, after 4 days of cultivation, the growth rate of the algae slowed, and the algal growth was completely stopped by 7 days of cultivation. When the BG-11 medium was inoculated with the sterile algal segments, the algae exhibited the rapid growth for a longer period of 8 days, reaching a length of 24.9 mm. The growth rate during this period was measured to be 24.5%. After the 8 days of cultivation, the algal growth rate began to slow and had almost stopped by the 13 days of cultivation. On the other hand, when the sterile algal segments were inoculated onto a sand plate, the algal segments decomposed, reaching total decomposition after 11 days of cultivation. By way of contrast, the desiccation treatment samples continued to grow for 14 days of cultivation. After 14 days of cultivation, the algae achieved a length of 26.1 mm, with a growth rate of 30.6%. Our results indicate that periodic desiccation may constitute an effective strategy for the prevention of algal decomposition.

Optimization of Medium on Exopolysaccharides Production in Submerged Culture of Cordyceps militaris

Jian-Dong Cui,Shi-Ru Jia 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.6

Statistical experimental design strategy (SES) was applied to optimize the medium for the exopolysaccharides (EPS) production of Cordyceps militaris by submerged culture in shaker flask. A significant influence of the glucose and peptone on the EPS production was first evaluated by using a Plackett-Buman design. Then,steepest ascent method was employed to approach the experimental design space. Last, these factors were further optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic model was found to fit the EPS production. The optimum values of the tested variables for the production of EPS were 48.67 g/L glucose, 12.56 g/L peptone, 1 g/L KH2PO4, 10 g/L yeast extract, and 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O. Under optimization of culture conditions, the EPS production was enhanced from 0.78 to 1.96 g/L. In comparison with that of original culture conditions, 2.5 fold increase was obtained.

Enhanced Activity of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase in Permeabilised Recombinant E. coli by Response Surface Method

Jian-dong Cui,Yan Li,Shi Ru Jia 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.2

To improve phenylalanine ammonia lyase (E.C.4.3.1.5-PAL) activity in recombinant Escherichia coli, Some approaches for improving phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in recombinant E. coli were developed following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. The results shown that permeabilization with combination of Triton X-100, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and acetone enriched cellular recombinant PAL activity significantly, which improved over 10-fold as compared with the control (untreat cell), as high as 181.37 U/g. The optimum values for the tested variables were Triton X-100 0.108 g/ℓ, CTAB 0.15 g/ℓ, and acetone 45.2%(v/v). Furthermore, a second-order model equation was suggested and then validated experimentally. It was indicated that addition of surfactants and organic solvents made the cells more permeable and therefore allowed easier access of the substrate to the enzyme and excretion of the product, which increased the rate of transport of L-phenylalanine and trans-cinnamic acids. These improved methods of PAL activity enrichment could serve as a rich enzyme source, especially in the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine.

Study on the Purification of Polysaccharides from Noscoc flagelliforme with Radial Flow Chromatography

Yu-Jie Dai,Jing-Wen Wang,Shi-Ru Jia,Si-Jun Yue,Meng-Yao Jia,Peng Xu 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.3

The isolation and purification of polysaccharide from Noscoc flagelliforme by radial flow chromatography were studied. The column (7.7 cm of bed length and 229.6 cm³ of bed volume) was packed with DEAE-01 anion ion-exchange resin and gradient eluted with NaCl solutions. The content of the polysaccharide was determined with the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The effects of sampling weight, elution velocity, and elution concentration gradient on the separation efficiency were examined and three isolated peaks were obtained. The optimal separation conditions are 10 mg of the sampling weight (sampling volume is 20 mL), 1.0 mL/min of the elution velocity, and 1.00 mol/L² of NaCl gradient elution. The adjacent peak resolutions among the three main components (1, 2, and 3 according to their elution order) are 0.660 (o12) and 0.786 (o23), respectively. It is deduced that 39.8 cm of the bed length is required for the fully separation of the three polysaccharides The isolation and purification of polysaccharide from Noscoc flagelliforme by radial flow chromatography were studied. The column (7.7 cm of bed length and 229.6 cm³ of bed volume) was packed with DEAE-01 anion ion-exchange resin and gradient eluted with NaCl solutions. The content of the polysaccharide was determined with the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The effects of sampling weight, elution velocity, and elution concentration gradient on the separation efficiency were examined and three isolated peaks were obtained. The optimal separation conditions are 10 mg of the sampling weight (sampling volume is 20 mL), 1.0 mL/min of the elution velocity, and 1.00 mol/L² of NaCl gradient elution. The adjacent peak resolutions among the three main components (1, 2, and 3 according to their elution order) are 0.660 (o12) and 0.786 (o23), respectively. It is deduced that 39.8 cm of the bed length is required for the fully separation of the three polysaccharides

L(+)-lactic Acid Production in the Culture of Rhizopus Oryzae T 345 using Raw Cassava Meal

( Ki An Cho ),( On You Choi ),( Shi Ru Jia ),( Young Cheol Chang ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2013 공학기술논문지 Vol.6 No.1

This research was to investigate the feasibility of production of L(+)-lactic acid in the culture of Rhizopus oryzae T 345 using raw cassava meal as the energy source; and various environment factors affecting L(+)-lactic acid production and yield were investigated. The lactic acid production was increased with the increment of raw cassava meal by 110 g/L. Although 70 g/L of raw cassava meal gave the highest yield of lactic acid production, it would take a large amount of energy to evaporate water in the down-stream process to relatively the low lactic acid concentration. Therefore, the optimum initial concentration of raw cassava meal was determined to be 90 g/L. Among various nitrogen sources, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide were best nitrogen sources for effective L (+)-lactic acid production and yield. Among different neutralization agents, when 5.0 g/L of calcium carbonate was added as the neutralizer, the morphology showed the form of a pellet and the highest lactic acid production and yield were obtained, 58.5 g/L and 50.2% after 92 hrs of culture, respectively. These results indicate that raw cassava meal can be useful for the effective production of L (+)-lactic acid in the culture of Rhizopus oryzae T 345.