Dorsal Neck Muscle Fatigue Affects Cervical Range of Motion and Proprioception in Adults with the Forward Head Posture

( Sang-seok Yeo ),( Jung-won Kwon ) 대한물리치료학회 2020 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of dorsal neck muscle fatigue on the cervical range of motion (CROM) and proprioception in adults with the forward head posture (FHP). Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were measured the forward head angle by taking the capture of the sagittal plane of their upper body to determine the FHP. Subjects were distributed into two groups: the FHP group (n=14) and Control group (n=16). All subjects were measured the CROM and the Head repositioning accuracy (HRA) for joint proprioception before and after inducing muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. The CROM and HRA were measured in neck flexion, extension, right-left lateral flexion, and right-left rotation. Sorenson’s test was used to induce muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. Results: Total CROMs were significantly decreased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in both groups (p<0.05). Total HRAs were significantly increased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in the FHP group (p< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the control group (p >0.05). Total CROM changes were not significant differences between groups (p>0.05), but total HRA changes were significant differences between groups (p< 0.05) except for right and left lateral flexion (p >0.05). Conclusion: Immediate CROM and proprioception reduction after the dorsal neck muscle fatigue were observed in adults with the FHP. Therefore, FHP can significantly affect the CROM and positioning consistency of cervical proprioception.

Physical Threat Description of Smart Card Protection Profile in Security Level 1st

Sang-Soo Yeo,Sang-Jo Youk,Gil-cheol Park,Seok-soo Kim,Tai-hoon Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2007 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.1 No.2

Security is concerned with the protection of assets from threats, where threats are categorised as the potential for abuse of protected assets. All categories of threats should be considered, but in the domain of security greater attention is given to those threats that are related to malicious or other human activities. ISO/IEC 15408 requires the TOE(Target of Evaluation) Security Environment section of a Protection Profile(PP) or Security Target(ST) to contain a list of threats about the TOE security environment or the intended usage of the TOE. This paper presents a specific physical threats should be considered in the smart card PP which developers of smart card PP must consider in Security Level 1st.

Ergonovine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Vasospastic Angina and Its Prognostic Implications in 3,094 Consecutive Patients

Yeo-Jeong Song,Sang Jin Ha,Dong Seok Lee,Woo-Dae Bang,신동금,Yeongmin Woo,Sangsig Cheong,Sang-Yong Yoo 대한심장학회 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.10

Background and Objectives Ergonovine stress echocardiography (ErgECHO) has been proposed as a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of coronary vasospasm. However, concern over the safety of ErgECHO remains. This study was undertaken to investigate the safety and prognostic value of ErgECHO in a large population. Methods We studied 3,094 consecutive patients from a single-center registry who underwent ErgECHO from November 2002 to June 2009. Medical records, echocardiographic data, and laboratory findings obtained from follow-up periods were analyzed. Results The overall positive rate of ErgECHO was 8.6%. No procedure-related mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) occurred. Nineteen patients (0.6%) had transient symptomatic complications during ErgECHO including one who was successfully resuscitated. Cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) occurred in 14.0% and 5.1% of the patients with positive and negative ErgECHO results, respectively (p<0.001) at a median follow-up of 10.5 years. Cox regression survival analyses revealed that male sex, age, presence of diabetes, total cholesterol level of >220 mg/dL, and positive ErgECHO result itself were independent factors associated with MACEs. Conclusions ErgECHO can be performed safely by experienced physicians and its positive result may be an independent risk factor for long-term adverse outcomes. It may also be an alternative tool to invasive ergonovine-provoked coronary angiography for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina.

Protecting Your Privacy with a Mobile Agent Device in RFID Environment

Yeo, Sang-Soo,Kim, Soo-Cheol,Kim, Sung Kwon,Park, Gilcheol,Kim, Seok Soo,Yang, Ki-Sung,Cho, Sung-Eon Springer-Verlag 2009 Wireless personal communications Vol.51 No.1

Gait Characteristic in a Stroke Patient with an Intact Corticospinal Tract and Corticoreticular Pathway: A Case Study

Yeo, Sang Seok,Cho, In Hee 대한물리치료학회 2018 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: The prefrontal lobe, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are activated during gait. In addition, gait is controlled by nerves, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) and corticoreticular pathway (CRP). In this study, the presence of an injury to the CST and CRP was identified by diffusion tensor imaging and the characteristics of the gait pattern were investigated according to inferior cerebral artery infarction. Methods: One patient and six control subjects of a similar age participated. A 69-year-old female patient had an injury to the left basal ganglia, insular gyrus, corona radiata, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and postcentral gyrus due to an inferior cerebral artery infarction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired 4 weeks after the stroke. The kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of gait were collected using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: On 4 weeks DTI, the CST and CRP in the affected hemisphere did not show injury to the affected and unaffected hemisphere. Gait analysis showed that the cadence of spatio-temporal parameter was decreased significantly in the patient. The angle of the knee joint was decreased significantly in the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of diffusion tensor imaging showed that although the patient was evaluated to be capable of an independent gait, the quality and quantity of gait might be reduced. This study could help better understand the gait ability analysis of stroke patients and the abnormal gait pattern of patients with a brain injury.

Case Reports : A Case of Descending Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Ankylosing Spondylitis

( Yeo Ree Yang ),( Rae Seok Lee ),( Tae Hyun Ban ),( Jae Hyun Seo ),( Dae Jun Kim ),( Seung Min Jung ),( Sung Hwan Park ) 대한류마티스학회 2014 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that affects the axial skeleton. It often involves the extra-articular organs. Cardiovascular involvement is one of the extra-articular manifestations, which is mostly represented by aortic root, valvular heart disease, and conduction disturbances. An aortic sclerosing inflammatory process induces aortic root thickening and rigidity. An aortic aneurysmal change is a rare complication that often leads to life threatening conditions. A few cases regarding aortic aneurysm have been reported, but there are no reported cases in Korea. We report the first case of descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

The Effect of Thalamic Hemorrhage on the Fornix

Yeo, Sang Seok,Jang, Sung Ho Informa Healthcare 2011 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE - Vol.121 No.7

<P><I>Objectives</I>: The fornix is indirectly connected to the anterior thalamus via the mamilothalamic tract. There has been no diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) study on the effect of thalamic hemorrhage on the fornix. Using DTT, we attempted to investigate the effect of thalamic hemorrhage on the fornix in patients with thalamic hemorrhage. <I>Subjects and Methods</I>: Twenty-one consecutive patients with thalamic hemorrhage and 21 age-matched normal healthy control subjects were recruited. DTT data were acquired at an average of 21 days after onset. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the three parts of the fornix (column, body, and crus) respectively. <I>Results</I>: FA values of the affected and unaffected hemispheres in the patient group were lower than those of the control group in all three parts of the fornix (<I>p</I> < .05). By contrast, compared with the control group, the ADC value was found to be increased only in the body (<I>p</I> < .05). <I>Conclusions</I>: According to our results, the FA value decrement with increased or normal ADC value in the patient group seems to indicate neuronal loss in the fornix, which appeared to be ascribed to secondary degeneration following thalamic hemorrhage.</P>

Central vestibular disorder due to ischemic injury on the parieto-insular vestibular cortex in patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarction : Observational study

Yeo, Sang Seok,Jang, Sung Ho,Kwon, Jung Won Wolters Kluwer Health 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.51

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Central vestibular disorder is common after middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction. The MCA supplies blood to the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), a core region of central vestibular symptoms. We report on patients that sustained injuries of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC with central vestibular disorder following MCA territory infarction, demonstrated on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nineteen patients with MCA territory infarction and 12 control subjects were recruited. To reconstruct the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC, we defined seed region of interest (ROI) as vestibular nuclei of pons and target ROI as the PIVC. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, and tract volume were measured. In the affected hemisphere, FA value of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC revealed significant difference between all patient groups and the control group (<I>P</I> < .05). In contrast, patients with symptoms of ataxia only revealed significant decrement of tract volume compared with the control group (<I>P < </I>.05). Additionally, subgroup B revealed significant decrement of tract volume compared with that of subgroup A and the control group (<I>P < </I>.05). In the unaffected hemisphere, there was no significant difference in all DTI parameters between all patient groups and the control group (<I>P < </I>.05). Injury to the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC was demonstrated in patients that revealed typical central vestibular disorder following MCA territory infarction. Analysis of the core vestibular pathway to the PIVC using DTI would be beneficial in clinical evaluation and management of patients with MCA territory infarction.</P>

In-depth considerations for better polyelectrolytes as interfacial materials in polymer solar cells

Yeo, Jun-Seok,Kang, Minji,Jung, Yen-Sook,Kang, Rira,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Heo, Youn-Jung,Jin, Sung-Ho,Kim, Dong-Yu,Na, Seok-In Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.21 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We perform a comprehensive study to achieve better polyelectrolytes (PEs) as electron-transport layers (ETLs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Three well-known PEs – PFN, PEIE, and WPF – are chosen as model systems and investigated with variations in their backbone structures and the state of the amine functionalities on their side chains. Respectively optimized PSCs using the three PEs exhibit different cell-performances, mainly owing to the diode characteristics of built-in potential and recombination strength. To identify how such deviated device-performances correlate with the structural features of PEs, the modulated interfaces of ITO/PEs and PEs/active layer are studied in detail. It is found that conjugated backbones and larger counter-anions on side chains can promote the modulation of ITO work functions (WFs) and that a large amount of protonated amines on PEs is beneficial for junction properties with a subsequent active layer. Additionally, our results indicate that interfacial dipole and electrical doping between the PE and active layer, in addition to WF modulation of the ITO cathode, are important for device efficiency. Accordingly, with the aid of the molecular features of PEIE, PEIE-PSCs exhibit excellent device efficiency and stability compared with PFN- and WPF-PSCs. In the PTB7-th:PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM system, a remarkable power-conversion efficiency of 9.97% is achieved with a single PEIE ETL.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chemical structure and performance of polyelectrolytes (PEs) in PSCs are correlated. </LI> <LI> Interfacial dipole and doping between PEs and active layer lead to efficient PSCs. </LI> <LI> PEIE-based PSCs have excellent device efficiency and high stability. </LI> <LI> Especially, in the PTB7-th system, encouraging efficiency of 9.97% is achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Gait Characteristic in a Stroke Patient with an Intact Corticospinal Tract and Corticoreticular Pathway: A Case Study

( Sang Seok Yeo ),( In Hee Cho ) 대한물리치료학회 2018 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Purpose: The prefrontal lobe, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are activated during gait. In addition, gait is controlled by nerves, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) and corticoreticular pathway (CRP). In this study, the presence of an injury to the CST and CRP was identified by diffusion tensor imaging and the characteristics of the gait pattern were investigated according to inferior cerebral artery infarction. Methods: One patient and six control subjects of a similar age participated. A 69-year-old female patient had an injury to the left basal ganglia, insular gyrus, corona radiata, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and postcentral gyrus due to an inferior cerebral artery infarction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired 4 weeks after the stroke. The kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of gait were collected using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: On 4 weeks DTI, the CST and CRP in the affected hemisphere did not show injury to the affected and unaffected hemisphere. Gait analysis showed that the cadence of spatio-temporal parameter was decreased significantly in the patient. The angle of the knee joint was decreased significantly in the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of diffusion tensor imaging showed that although the patient was evaluated to be capable of an independent gait, the quality and quantity of gait might be reduced. This study could help better understand the gait ability analysis of stroke patients and the abnormal gait pattern of patients with a brain injury.