산화전세정에 따른 표면 Microroughness 및 불량분석에 관한 연구

김경민,유일현,정양희 麗水大學校 産業基術硏究所 1999 産業基術硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purity of wafer surface is an essential requisite for the successful fabrication of VLSI silicon circuits. In the cleaning step, the precleaning(NH₄OH/H₂O₂/H₂O) method has been used. The precleaning process for bare wafer can affect the state of wafer surfaces. It can cause the degeneration of gate oxide layer. For the investigation of this problem, we measured the microroughness of silicon wafer surface using the atomic force microscope(AFM). The microroughness is in the range of 1.1∼1.6Å. The result is increased proportionally to the number of cleaning times. This problem by additional precleaning distributed to edge in the wafer. To avoid th yield drop due to the microroughness, we suggest that the content ratio of precleaning solution is to be at 0.2:1:10 and the cool DI water rinsing should be followed after cleaning step. However, additional cleaning process should be applied carefully to avoid failure even in the optimized precleaning process.

암 병동 간호사의 통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도

공성화,방찌야,서민숙,현신숙,김희정,이미애1,이미애2,유현희,허재경,김은애,박경숙 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of oncology ward nurses toward cancer pain management and to find ways to improve the educational program for nurses. Method: A total of 209 nurses working at the oncology ward of three hospitals in Seoul and a Gyenggi Province. The survey instrument used was the 32-item scale for evaluating nurses knowledge and attitudes originally developed by McCaffery and Ferrell'(1990). that was by Kim'(1997). Result: In terms of the nurses knowledge of pain management. the result showed that the nurses scored an average of 67.8 out of 100 for phamacokinetics of opioids. 84.8 for classification of analgesics, 60.1 for pain assessment, and 70.7 for drug administration. 18.2% of the nurses hesitate to inject the narcotic agent because of concerns regarding the drug's potential side effects. there was significant difference in the knowledge of pain management according to the general characteristics of pain in terms of the nurses age(p=.001), position (p=.016). years of experiences(p=.002), experience of cancer pain education(p= .001). Conclusion: The also showed that nurses working at cancer ward lack knowledge. It is important to provide intensive education to nurses about cancer pain management.

폴리에스테르 섬유 감량시스템용 프로세서 타이트레이터 개발

조진호,이흥락,이종현,김명남,구성모,김무영,진경찬,유병희,강민수,김국진 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1993 연차보고서 Vol.1993 No.-

폴리에스테르 섬유 감량시스템의 제어를 위해서는 처리조 내에서 감량되는 섬유가 목표 감량치에 도달했는지를 판단해 주는 장치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가성소다용액의 초농도 및 섬유 감량 정도의 정확한 측정과 감량 종료시간의 산출 및 이에 따른 종료신호를 발생할 수 있는 폴리에스테르 섬유 감량기 전용의 자동적정장치를 개발하였다. To control caustic soda treatment system for the polyester fabric reduction, we need the device to determine that the fabric has been arrived target reduction value. In this study, we develope an automatic process titrator for the caustic soda treatment system. Major functions of the target titrating system are accurate measurements of the caustic soda concentration and then producing the end point signal for caustic soda treatment system.

다양한 냉ㆍ해동 방법에 따른 양파의 이화학적 특성 및 영양성분 변화

정유경(You-Kyoung Jung),장민영(Min-Young Jang),황인국(In-Guk Hwang),유선미(Seon-Mi Yoo),민상기(Sang-Gi Min),조연지(Yeon-Ji Jo),천지연(Ji-Yeon Chun),최미정(Mi-Jung Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.44 No.10

다양한 방법으로 냉·해동된 양파의 이화학적 및 영양학적 특성을 관찰하였다. 냉동은 자연대류냉동(0.5°C/min), 강제 송풍냉동(3.9°C/min), 극저온냉동(14.9°C/min) 순으로 급격히 빠르게 냉동되며 상변이 구간이 매우 단축되었다. 냉・해동에 따른 pH와 수분 함량의 변화는 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 그 영향은 미미한 것으로 사료된다. 냉・해동 처리가 양파의 황색도에 가장 영향을 많이 미치고 다음으로 명도변화에 영향을 주었으며, 급속냉동을 한 경우 양파의 명도를 전반적으로 어둡게 하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 황색도는 냉동 방법에 의한 변화가 더 두드러짐을 알 수 있다. 해동 감량은 모든 냉동방법에서 초음파해동과 유수해동 처리구가 유의적으로 낮은 경향을 보였고 이에 따라 강도도 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 보수력은 극저온냉동을 하였을 때 유수 및 초음파 해동 시 보수력이 유의적으로 높은 값을 보이며 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 현미경을 통한 조직 관찰의 결과 강제 송풍냉동과 극저온냉동 시 얼음결정이 작게 생성됨을 관찰하였다. 영양학적 품질 변화를 관찰한 결과 비타민 C는 생시료에 비해 데치기 후 시료 및 냉·해동 후 시료의 함량이 감소함을 보였으며, 강제송풍냉동 및 초음파해동에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유리당 및 유기산의 함량은 데침 처리 후 감소하였으며, 초음파해동 시 가장 손실이 적었다. 전반적인 결과로 볼 때 강제송풍냉동이 효과적인 것으로 사료되며 초음파해동이 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. This study evaluated the combination effect of various freezing and thawing techniques on the quality and nutritional aspects of onions. Onions were frozen by natural air convection freezing (NCF), air blast freezing (ABF), and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF). Onions were frozen for 76 min by NCF, 9 min by ABF, and 9 min by LNF. The freezing treatment was stopped when the core temperature reached -12°C for NCF and ABF, and -120°C for LNF. Frozen samples were thawed through natural air convection thawing, running water thawing, sonication thawing (ST), or microwave thawing. The quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions were evaluated by measuring thawing loss, pH, texture, water content, color, and SEM image. ST was found to cause the least loss in onion sample among the tested thawing methods, whereas the freezing methods did not cause any significant loss. In our experiment, thawing is found to be a more critical technique when compared to that of freezing. There were no clear quantifications or trends of pH and water content among different freezing and thawing techniques. The highest total color difference (ΔE) was observed in the NCF sample. For morphological observation, ABF gave the smallest ice crystal size, as well as minimum cell collapse. Loss of vitamin C, free sugar, and organic acid content was lower in the ABF and ST sample, when compared to other trials. In our study, we found that combination of ABF and ST could preserve the quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions better than other methods.

Desflurane이 흰쥐 Isolated Heart의 수축기능에 미치는 영향

최영석,이미경,윤석민,임상호,공명훈,정유성 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.5

Background : Desflurane, a fluorinated methyl-ethyl ether, has some advantageous properties including low blood solubility, stability in soda lime, and resistance to biodegradation. Desflurane in vivo has demonstrated myocardial depressant property. The purpose of this study was to test the direct effects of desflurane on myocardial contractile function and coronary flow in the isolated heart. Methods : Twelve isolated rat hearts were continuously perfused with modified Krebs solution containing 6, 9 and 12 vol% of desflurane for 10 min at each concentration. Systolic left ventricular pressure and rate of change of ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were measured. Heart rate and coronary flow were also measured. To differentiate direct vasodilatory effect of desflurane from an indirect metabolic effect due to autoregulation of coronary flow, oxygen delivery, myocardial oxygen consumption and percent oxygen extraction were calculated. Results : Heart rate (control 266 22 beats/min) decreased to 250 23 beats/min at 6 vol%, 236 26 beats/min at 9 vol% and 223 22 beats/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Systolic left ventricular pressure and dp/dt decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In spite of decrement of myocardial oxygen consumption, coronary flow (control 12.0 1.2 ml/min) increased to 12.8 1.6 ml/min at 6 vol%, 12.9 1.6 ml/min at 9 vol% and 13.7 1.4 ml/min at 12 vol% of desflurane. Oxygen delivery increased proportionally with coronary flow. Percent oxygen extraction decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion : These results suggest that desflurane has a direct myocardial depressing and coronary vasodilating effect in a concentration-dependent manner. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 825∼830)

Improvement of the Fluorescence Intensity during a Flow Cytometric Analysis for Rice Protoplasts by Localization of a Green Fluorescent Protein into Chloroplasts

You, Min Kyoung,Lim, Sun-Hyung,Kim, Min-Jin,Jeong, Ye Sol,Lee, Mi-Gi,Ha, Sun-Hwa MDPI 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.16 No.1

<P>Protoplasts have been a useful unicellular system for various molecular biological analyses based on transient expression and single cell analysis using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), widely used as a powerful method in functional genomics. Despite the versatility of these methods, some limits based on low fluorescence intensity of a flow cytometric analysis (FCA) using protoplasts have been reported. In this study, the chloroplast targeting of fluorescent proteins (FPs) led to an eight-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and a 4.5-fold increase of transfection ratio from 14.7% to 65.7% as compared with their targeting into the cytoplasm. Moreover, the plot data of FCA shows that 83.3% of the K-sGFP population is under the threshold level, regarded as a non-transgenic population with background signals, while 65.7% of the K-sGFP population is spread on overall intervals. To investigate the reason underlying this finding, mRNA/protein levels and transfection efficiency were analyzed, and results suggest that mRNA/protein levels and transfection ratio are not much different between K-sGFP and KR-sGFP. From those results, we hypothesized that the difference of fluorescence intensity is not only derived from cellular events such as molecular level or transfection efficiency. Taken together, we suggest that the translocation of FPs into chloroplasts contributes to the improvement of fluorescence intensity in FCA and, apparently, plays an important role in minimizing the loss of the transfected population. Our study could be usefully applicable for highly sensitive FACS and FCA-investigations of green tissue.</P>

Identification of putative MAPK kinases in oryza minuta and O. sativa

You, Min Kyoung,Oh, Seung Ick,Ok, Sung Han,Cho, Sung Ki,Shin, Hyun Young,Jeung, Ji Ung,Shin, Jeong Sheop Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.23 No.1

Plastoglobule-Targeting Competence of a Putative Transit Peptide Sequence from Rice Phytoene Synthase 2 in Plastids

You, Min Kyoung,Kim, Jin Hwa,Lee, Yeo Jin,Jeong, Ye Sol,Ha, Sun-Hwa MDPI 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.1

<P>Plastoglobules (PGs) are thylakoid membrane microdomains within plastids that are known as specialized locations of carotenogenesis. Three rice phytoene synthase proteins (OsPSYs) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis have been identified. Here, the N-terminal 80-amino-acid portion of OsPSY2 (PTp) was demonstrated to be a chloroplast-targeting peptide by displaying cytosolic localization of OsPSY2(ΔPTp):mCherry in rice protoplast, in contrast to chloroplast localization of OsPSY2:mCherry in a punctate pattern. The peptide sequence of a PTp was predicted to harbor two transmembrane domains eligible for a putative PG-targeting signal. To assess and enhance the PG-targeting ability of PTp, the original PTp DNA sequence (<I>PTp</I>) was modified to a synthetic DNA sequence (<I>stPTp</I>), which had 84.4% similarity to the original sequence. The motivation of this modification was to reduce the GC ratio from 75% to 65% and to disentangle the hairpin loop structures of <I>PTp</I>. These two DNA sequences were fused to the sequence of the synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP) and drove GFP expression with different efficiencies. In particular, the RNA and protein levels of <I>stPTp-sGFP</I> were slightly improved to 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold more than those of sGFP, respectively. The green fluorescent signals of their mature proteins were all observed as speckle-like patterns with slightly blurred stromal signals in chloroplasts. These discrete green speckles of PTp<I>-</I>sGFP and stPTp<I>-</I>sGFP corresponded exactly to the red fluorescent signal displayed by OsPSY2:mCherry in both etiolated and greening protoplasts and it is presumed to correspond to distinct PGs. In conclusion, we identified PTp as a transit peptide sequence facilitating preferential translocation of foreign proteins to PGs, and developed an improved <I>PTp</I> sequence, a s<I>tPTp</I>, which is expected to be very useful for applications in plant biotechnologies requiring precise micro-compartmental localization in plastids.</P>

Effect of Various Freezing Systems on Physicochemical Properties of Carrots

You-Kyoung Jung,Min-Young Jang,Jun-Bo Shim,Jae-Hyeong Kim,Yeon-Ji Jo,Ji-Yeon Chun,Sang-Gi Min 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

A doubly cross-linked nano-adhesive for the reliable sealing of flexible microfluidic devices.

You, Jae Bem,Min, Kyoung-Ik,Lee, Bora,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Im, Sung Gap Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Lab on a chip Vol.13 No.7

<P>Along with the expansion of microfluidics into many areas of applications such as sensors, microreactors and analytical tools, many other materials besides poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have been suggested such as poly(imide) (PI) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). However, the sealing methods for these materials are not reliable in that many of the methods are specific to the substrate materials. Here, we report a novel robust doubly cross-linked nano-adhesive (DCNA) for bonding of various heterogeneous substrates. By depositing 200 nm of epoxy-containing polymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate), via initiated chemical vapour deposition (iCVD) onto various substrates and cross-linking them with ethylenediamine, a strong adhesion was obtained between the substrates. This adhesive system was not only able to bond various difficult-to-bond substrates, such as PET or PI, but it could also preserve the complicated morphology of the surfaces owing to the thin nature of the DCNA system. The DCNA allowed fabrication of microfluidic devices using both rigid substrates, such as silicon wafer and glass, and flexible substrates, such as PDMS, PET and PI. The burst pressure of the devices sealed with DCNA exceeded 2.5 MPa, with a maximum burst pressure of 11.7 MPa. Furthermore, the adhesive system demonstrated an exceptional chemical and thermal resistance. The adhesion strength of the adhesive sandwiched between glass substrates remained the same even after a 10 day exposure to strong organic solvents such as toluene, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Also, exposure to 200 C for 15 h was not able to damage the adhesion strength. Using the high adhesive strength and flexibility of DCNA, flexible microfluidic devices that can be completely folded or rolled without any delamination during the operation were fabricated. The DCNA bonding is highly versatile in the sealing of microfluidic systems, and is compatible with a wide selection of materials, including flexible and foldable substrates, even upon sealing few-μm-sized channels.</P>