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Enhanced transdermal delivery and optimization of nano-liposome preparation using hydrophilic drug
박준범,Hyung-Gon Noh,Hyung-gon Noh,Jung-Mi Kim,강진양 한국약제학회 2012 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.42 No.2
The aim of this study is the appropriate manufacture of nano-liposome and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery after drug was loaded in liposome for topical site especially nose. To make small, stable, uniform and highly encapsulated nano-liposome, many factors including solvent, stabilizer, pH balance, homogenization speed,sonication time and filtration are critical. Especially, stearate series surfactants have positive effects on liposome size and long-term stability. In this experiment, unsaturated lecithin and Pseudoephedrine HCl (PSE) were selected for the surfactant and model drug, respectively. The unsaturated lecithin, one of the surfactants used to make the liposome, has excellent skin affinity and penetration. Tween 20 and Tween 80, support emulsifying agents,propylene glycol, a lecithin solvent and triethanolamine as stabilizer were also used as materials for liposome. Nanoliposome was made with a high shear homogenizer and pulverized by ultrasonicator to reduce the size and increase uniformity. After that, a transdermal experiment was conducted with Franz-cells on hairless mouse skin and PSE was determined by HPLC. Based on the results of the experiments, when the appropriate concentrations of support emulsifying agent and stabilizer were added, the average size of the liposome was about 300 nm and the encapsulation rate was close up to 40%. Moreover, with faster mixing speed and longer sonication time, more uniform and smaller particles tended to be manufactured. In the skin permeation test, PSE entrapped in liposome had 20 times higher permeability than PSE raw material.
Zero-order Delivery of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride with Hydrophilic Polymers
Park, Jun-Bom,Hwang, Chang-Hwan,Noh, Hyung-Gon,Chae, Yu-Byeong,Song, Jun-Woo,Kang, Chin-Yang The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 2010 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.40 No.5
Manufacturing a multi-layered tablet such as Xatral XL$^{(R)}$ is more complex and expensive than monolayered tablets, but mono-layered tablets may have less favorable release properties depending on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the active ingredient. We therefore sought to develop a monolayer tablet with a similar dissolution profile to the commercial alfuzosin sustained-release triple layered tablet (Xatral XL$^{(R)}$). We prepared four different mono-layered alfuzosin tablets with different concentrations of hydroxypropyl methycellulose and PVP K-90. Fomulation III with alfuzosion/mg-stearate/ HPMC/ PVP K-90 (10/5/110/95 mg/tab) has a similar dissolution rate to Xatral XL$^{(R)}$, with a similarity factor score of 81.4. However, the swelling and erosion rates of the two formulations were different, and NIR analysis showed differences in the mechanisms of drug release. Thus, although formulation III and Xatral XL$^{(R)}$ show similar dissolution rates, the mechanisms of drug release are different.
단순 식피술에 의해 치유된 음경내 이물질 주입 환자에 대한 임상적 고찰
김선진,신기용,엄기일,노승형,류재만,김잉곤,안희창,안덕균,최희윤,최봉근 大韓成形外科學會 1998 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.25 No.4
There are many documented case failures of penile enlargement due to illegal medical practitioner injecting foreign bodies as main source of augmentation materials. The most common foreign body materials used for penile augmentation are paraffin, silicone, and vaseline. The foreign bodies such as paraffin, silicone, and vaseline are insoluble, non-stimulated, and non-metabolizable materials. Because of their physical characteristics, it is quite common for illegal medical practitioner to utilize these materials as main source of augmentation materials. However, there are many side effects involved with these materials. The side effects are tissue inflammation, necrosis, granuloma formation, hypersensitivity reaction, embolism, deformity, and carcinoma. Furthermore, if these materials are injected in gross amount, a pressure necrosis could occur. Such like foreign bodies can scar the tissue for life and metastasize to other parts of the body such as mons pubis, inguinal area, and scrotum. Foreign bodies that have been embedded for long period of time can penetrate even deeper into the tissue, metastasize even further region, evolved to grannuloma, and occasionally, invades the lymph nodes and evolved to malignant tumor. The most ideal treatment is to extract injected foreign materials and excise involved tissue at the earliest recognition of symptoms. We applied medium and full thickness skin graft and tie-over dressing on the denuded penis after complete excision of foreign body and granulomatous tissue. Following are the results of our study. 1) Study results revealed highest incidences among 3rd and 4th decades, and incidence among second decade is on the rise. 2) Most common symptoms are foreign body sensation, pruritus, skin necrosis, secondary infection, and dysuria. 3) Foreign materials that have been embedded for long duration can penetrate even deeper into the tissue and metastasize even further region. 4) Obtained functional and aesthetic results with skin graft after removal of foreign materials and involved tissue.