Dactinomycin 이 흰쥐 橈骨의 骨端軟骨板의 基質合成에 미치는 영향

金光會,崔忠植,李圭植 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.1

Dactinomycin, one of the antibiotic anticancer drug, is isolated from the culture media of Streptomyces chrysomallus. The flat portion of this molecule intercalates into the double-helical DNA between successive G∼C base pairs, producing a inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis. Therefore, it is very effective against tumor cell proliferation but as well as may demage on the proliferating normal cells. So that, the author undertook to pursue the effect of the dactinomycin on the synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide in the chondrocyte of the epiphyseal plate. The pregnant albino rats, Wistar strain, were used as an experimental animals. The albino rats were administered with 0.2 ㎍ of dactinomycin per gram body weight at 8th day of pregnancy and its neonates were sacrificed at 1st and 3rd day of neonatal life. The specimens obtained from the radius were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe the morphological changes of the epiphyseal plate and stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5), alcian blue (pH 2.5)-PAS for acid and neutral mucopolysaccharide, and stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5)-0.3M MgCl₂, alcian blue (pH 1.0)-PAS, alcian blue (pH 0.4), and aldehyde fuschin (pH 1.7)-alcian blue (pH 2.5) for the sulfation of the matrix. The results were as follows: 1. The narrowing reserving zone, widened proliferating zone, and reduced number of cells in each lacuna were observed in the epiphyseal plates of the experimental groups. 2. The reduction of the acid mucopolysaccharide content was detected in the epiphyseal plate of the experimental groups. 3. The increase of the sulfated and strong sulfated mucin contents were shown in the epiphyseal plate of the experimental groups. From the results, it is assumed that dactinomycin inhibits the synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide in the epiphyseal plate of the radius and also accelerates the sulfation of the mucin.

Distribution Pattern and Characteristics of Microbes in Soils Based on Catenas Originated from Granite and Lime stone

Choong-Hoe Kim(김충회),Jang-Sik Kwon(권장식),Hyung-Jun Noh(노형준),Jang-Sun Suh(서장선) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.9

A Model to Forecast Rice Blast Disease Based on Weather Indexing

Kim Choong-Hoe,MacKenzie D. R.,Rush M. C. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 1987 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.3 No.3

미기상 상태에 의하여 벼 도열병을 예찰하기 위한 전산화 예찰모델을 개발하여 그 정확도를 전산모델을 수록한 현지위치형 소형 전산기로서 1984년과 1985년에 걸쳐 포장에서 시험하였다. 건전지 작동형 소형 전산기는 벼 군락내 온도, 습도, 잎이 젖어있는 시간을 계속적으로 측정하여 그 상태를 도열병 발생가능성과 관련하여 평가해서 매일의 병발생가능성 수치(BUS)로 표현한다. 매일의 BUS의 누적치(CBUS)와 두 이병성 품종, M-201과 Brazos에서의 도열병 진전정도와는 밀접한 상관이 있었다. 발병엽율의 logit 치를 CBUS로 회귀하였을 때 평균 결정계수$(R^2)$는 품종과 실험한 해에 따라 $71\%\~91\%$였으며 이것은 시간을 독립변수로 사용하였을 때의 결정계수$61\%\~79\%$에 비하여 현저히 높았다. 결정계수는 M-201에 비하여 생육후기에 포장저항성을 보인 Brazos에서 더 낮았다. 이상의 결과, 현예찰 모델은 실제로 사용가능성이 있지만 앞으로 기주의 저항성이나 병원균 집단의 병원성과 관련한 변수들을 기상환경의 변수와 함께 통합함에 의하여 보다 정확한 예찰모델로 개발할 수 있으리라 생각한다. A computer program written to predict blast occurrence based on micro climatic events was developed and tested as an on-site microcomputer in field plots in 1984 and 1985. A microcomputer unit operating on alkaline batteries; continuously monitored air temperature, leaf wetness, and relative humidity; interpreted the microclimate information in relation to rice blast development and displayed daily values (0-8) of blast units of severity (BUS). Cumulative daily BUS values (CBUS) were highly correlated with blast development on the two susceptible cultivars, M-201 and Brazos grown in field plots. When CBUS values were used to predict the logit of disease proportions, the average coefficients of determination $(R^2)$ between these two factors were 71 to $91\%$, depending on cultivar and year. This was a significant improvement when compared to 61 to $79\%$ when days were used as a predictor of logit disease severity. The ability of CBUS to predict logit disease severity was slightly less with Brazos than M-201. This is significant inasmuch as Brazos showed field resistance at mid-sea­son. The results in this study indicate that the model has the potential for future use and that the model could be improved by incorporating other variables associated with host plants and pathogen races in addition to the key environmental variables.

Tasks for Improvement of Teaching Methods in Korean Higher Education

(Choong Hoe Kim) 충남대학교 교육연구소 1992 교육연구논총 Vol.13 No.1

고냉지 배추 재배지역 토양에서 배추에 뿌리 썩음을 일으키는 Pythium ultimum, Pythium echinocarpum, Rhizoctomia solani균의 병원력 미 토양내 상대밀도

KIM CHOONG-HOE,WON-DAE CHO 한국응용곤충학회 1986 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.25 No.3

강원도 고냉지 배추재배 지역에서 53개의 이병 뿌리와 22개 토양 표본을 채취하여 배추 생육 초기에 뿌리 썩음을 일으키는 병원균을 조사하였다. 이병된 뿌리에서 검출된 13개 곰팡이 중에서 Pythium ultimum, Pythium echinocarpum, Rhizoctonia solani의 3종이 자주 검출 되었으며 배추에 병원성이 있었다. 채취한 토양에 본엽 엽기의 배추를 이식하여 발명 유무를 온실에서 조사 하였을 때 토양 표본에 따라 5내지 100%의 식물이 이들 균에 의하여 감염 되었다. 토양내 이들 3종의 균의 밀도를 배추 식물의 감염 빈도에 의하여 조사 하였을 때 차항 2리 지역의 토양에서는 P. ultimum이 우점종 이었고 P. echinocarpum은 용산 2리, 횡계리, 문맥 지역에서 주로 밀도가 높았다. 매봉산 지역의 토양에서는 R. solani 균만이 단지 분포하고 있었으며 P. ultimum 과 P. echinocarpum이 동시 분포하는 지역에서는 대체로 P. echinocarpum 균의 밀도가 P. ultimum에 비하여 더 높았다. 주요 30품종의 유묘를 가지고 온실에서 품종 저항성을 조사한 결과 6개 품종이 P. ultimum 에 대하여 저항성이었고 3개 품종이 중도 저항성 이었다. P. echinocarpum에 대해서는 저항성 품종이 없고 2개 품종이 중도 저항성 이었으며 R. solani균에 대해서는 모두가 이병성 이었다. Fifty three diseased root samples of Chinese cabbage and 22 soil samples were taken from six alpine areas in Kangwon province to examine the organisms causing root rot of Chinese cabbage. Among thirteen microorganisms detected from diseased roots samples, Pythium ultimum, Pythium echinocarpum and Rhizoctonia solani were detected frequently and were pathogenic to Chinese cabbage. Five to 100% of young Chinese cabbage plants grown in the sample soils taken from alpine cabbage fields were infected either alone or together with P. ultimum, P. echinocarpum and R. solani, depending upon the or gin of sample soils. When relative density of the three organsims in the sample soils was estimated based on the infection frequency on the plants grown in those sample soils, P. ultimum was prevalent only in Chahang-i-li area. P. echinocarpum was prevalent in Yongsan-il-li, Hoengwe-li, and Munmaek areas. R. solani was solely found in Maebongsan area where both P. ultimum and P. echinocarpum were not detected. In the three areas where both P. ultimum and P. echinocarpum were present, density of P. echinocarpum was generally greater than that of P. ultimum. Seedlings of thirty major Chinese cabbage varieties were inoculated independently with the three organisms in the greenhouse. Six varieties were resistant to P. ultimum. Three and two varieties were moderately resistant to P. ultimum and P. echinocarpum, respectively. All varieties were highly susceptible to R. solani.

사과 점무늬낙엽병(斑點落葉病)예찰을 위한 한 경험적 모델

CHOONG-HOE KIM,WON-DAE CHO,SEUNG-CHUL KIM 한국응용곤충학회 1986 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.25 No.4

An empirical model to predict initial disease occurrence and subsequent progress of Alternaria leaf spot was constructed based on the modified degree day temperature and frequency of rainfall in three years field experiments. Climatic factors were analized 10-day bases, beginning April 20 to the end of August, and were used as variables for model construction. Cumulative degree portion (CDP) that is over in the daily average temperature was used as a parameter to determine the relationship between temperature and initial disease occurrence. Around one hundred and sixty of CDP was needed to initiate disease incidence. This value was considered as temperature threshhold. After reaching 160 CDP, time of initial occurrence was determined by frequency of rainfall. At least four times of rainfall were necessary to be accumulated for initial occurrence of the disease after passing temperature threshhold. Disease progress after initial incidence generally followed the pattern of frequency of rainfall accumulated in those periods. Apparent infection rate (r) in the general differential equation dx/dt=xr(1-x) for individual epidemics when x is disease proportion and t is time, was a linear function of accumulation rate of rainfall frequency (Rc) and was able to be directly estimated based on the equation r=1.06Rc-0.11(). Disease severity (x) after t time could be predicted using exponential equation derived from the differential equation, when is initial disease, are constants. There was a significant linear relationship between disease progress and cumulative number of air-borne conidia of Alternaria mali. When the cumulative number of air-borne conidia was used as an independent variable to predict disease severity, accuracy of prediction was poor with .

植物病 進展의 한 柔軟的인 統計的 生長 모델

CHOONG-HOE KIM 한국응용곤충학회 1987 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.1

식물병(植物病) 진전곡선(進展曲線)을 간편하고 융통성있게 기술하는 절편(切片) 1차(次) 회귀(回歸)모델이 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 제안(提案)되었다. 이 모델은 병진전상황(病進展狀況)을 그 진전형태(進展形態)에 따라 소수(少數)의 1차(次) 회귀식(回歸式)으로 나누고 지표변수(指標變數)를 사용(使用)하여 다시 한개로 묶어 작성(作成)된다. 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서 얻은 12개(個)의 실제병진전상황(實際病進展狀況)에 대(對)한 절편(切片) 1차(次) 회귀(回歸)모델의 통계적(統計的) 적합도(適合度)는 기존(旣存)의 두모델(Logistic모델과 Gompertz모델)에 비(比)하여 증진(增進)되었으며 이 모델이 가진 단순성(單純性), 융통성 및 모수예측(母數豫測)의 용이성(容易性)이 논의(論議)되였다. 그 결과(結果), 절편(切片) 1차(次) 회귀(回歸)모델은 식물병(植物病) 진전(進展)을 기술(記述)하는 한 통계적(統計的) 모델로써 유용(有用)하게 사용(使用)될 수 있으리라 생각된다. A piecewise linear regression model able to describe disease progress curves with simplicity and flexibility was developed in this study. The model divides whole epidemic into several pieces of simple linear regression based on changes in pattern of disease progress in the epidemic and then incorporates the pieces of linear regression into a single mathematical function using indicator variables. When twelve epidemic data obtained from the field experiments were fitted to the piecewise linear regression model, logistic model and Gompertz model to compare statistical fit, goodness of fit was greatly improved with piecewise linear regression compared to other two models. Simplicity, flexibility, accuracy and ease in parameter estimation of the piece-wise linear regression model were described with examples of real epidemic data. The result in this study suggests that piecewise linear regression model is an useful technique for modeling plant disease epidemic.

Biological Control of Phytophthora Blight of Red-pepper in Korea

Choong Hoe Kim 한국식물병리학회 1989 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.5 No.1

벼잎집무늬마름病菌 越冬菌核의 密度와 活性

CHOONG-HOE KIM,CHANG-KYU KIM 한국응용곤충학회 1987 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.2

포장(圃場)에서 월동(越冬)하고 있는 벼 잎집무늬마름병균(病菌) 균핵(菌核)의 밀도(密度)와 그 활성(活性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 1986년(年) 12월(月)에 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱)의 포장(圃場)에서 균핵(菌核)을 채집(採集)하여 발아력(發芽力)과 병원성(病原性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 균핵(菌核)의 밀도(密度)는 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱) 지역(地域)이 각각(各各) ha당 였으며 지역(地域)에 따라 그중 (평균(平均) 60%)가 발아력(發芽力)이 있었고 발아(發芽)된 균핵중(菌核中) 평균(平均) 49%가 벼품종(品種) 진흥(振興)에 병원성(病原性)이 있었다. 따라서 발아력(發芽力)과 병원성(病原性)을 동시(同時)에 가진 균핵(菌核)의 비율(比率)은 전체균핵(全體菌核)의 29%였다. 균핵(菌核)으로부터 분리(分離)한 잎집무늬마름병균(病菌)은 배지(培地)에서의 균총형태(菌叢形態)에 따라 3가지 유형(類形)으로 대별(大別)되었으나 유형(類形)이나 균핵(菌核)의 크기, 균핵형성량(菌核形成量)은 진흥(振興)에 대(對)한 병원성(病原性)과 아무런 상관(相關)이 없었다. 10%의 편차(偏差)안에서 평균균핵밀도(平均菌核密度)를 95% 신뢰(信賴)하기 위하여 필요(必要)한 단순임의(單純任意) 표본수(標本數)는 이리(裡里), 나주(羅州), 진주(晋州), 대구(大邱)에서 각각(各各) 41, 132, 232, 395개소(個所)로 산출(算出)되었다. Three post-harvest fields each in four rice growing areas, Iri, Naju, Jinju and Taegu were randomly selected and surveyed during December 1986 to examine sclerotial density of Rhizoctonia solani overwintering in the field. Surface soil of area was sampled in each field with three replications and sieved to collect sclerotia. Germiability and pathogenicity of collected sclerotia were examined in the laboratory. Number of sclerotia in Iri, Naju, Jinju, and Taegu was estimated from the sample as 2.7, 1.2, 0.7 and 0.6, respectively. Based on sample variance with simple random sampling in each area, number of sampling required for estimating average sclerotial density with the precision of 10% apart from a chance of 1 in 20 was calculated to 41, 132, 232, and 395 for Iri, Naju, Jinju and Taegu, respectively. Percentage of germination of sampled sclerotia on potato sucrose agar (PSA) ranged from 42 to 78% depending on the area, and averaged 60%. About 49% of the germinated sclerotia were pathogenic to a rice cultivar Jinheung that was used to test pathogenicity of the sclerotia. Proportion of viable sclerotia that have both germiability and pathogenicity was thus estimated to 0.29 of total sclerotia collected. R. solani cultures obtained from the sclerotia could be distinguished into three groups based on colony morphology on PSA. Size and number of sclerotia formed on PSA differed between group but were not associated with pathogenicity to Jinheung.

2000년 농작물 병해 발생 개황

김충회(Choong-Hoe Kim) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.1