병원성 칸디다 혈증에 관한 임상적 고찰

고경식,권선희,김병준,김구엽,서환조 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.5

목 적 : 최근 칸디다혈증의 발생율이 매우 증가하여 병원 감염의 중요한 원인으로 대두되고 있다. 이에 저자등은 칸디다혈증에 대한 임상적 특성을 알아보기위하여 다음과 같이 연구하였다. 방 법 : 1988년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 경희대학부속병원에서 발생하였던 병원성 칸디다혈증 61예를 대상으로 의무기록지를 검토하였다. 결 과 : 1) 연도별 발생 빈도는 1988년 부터 1933년까지 각각 2예, 7예, 9예, 11예, 15예, 17예로 증가하였으며, 최근에는 non-albicans 균주에 의한 감염이 증가하고 있었다. 2) 연령분포는 4-83세였으며 평균연령은 51.0±17.4세였고, 남자 32예, 여자 29예였다. 50대와 60대가 57.3%로 가장 많았다. 3) 균주별 발생빈도는 C. albicans 30예, C. tropicalis 13예, C. parapsilosis 10예, C. glabrata 6예, C. guilliermondii 1예, C. krusei 1예로서 C. albicans가 가장 많았다. 4) 기저질환으로 뇌혈관계질환이 25예(41%)로 가장 많았으며, 외과적질환 11예(18%), 고형악성종양 10예(16.4%), 혈액종양질환 9예(14.8%), 기타 내과적질환 6예(9.8%)였다. 5) 균주간 선행인자는 비슷하였으나, C. albicans와 C. tropicalis에서는 수술을 시행받은 예가 많았고, C. parapsilosis는 정주 영양 공급을 받은 경우가 많았다. 6) Amphotericin B 치료군(20예)과 fluconazole 치료군(11예) 사이에 예후에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 7) 총 61예중 28예에서 사망하여 사망율은 45.9%였으며 정형외과적 수술을 시행받은 경우(83.3%)와 C. glabrata인 경우 사망율이 가장 높았다(83.3%). 결 론 : 칸디다 혈증은 중요한 병원 감염으로 대두되고 있으며 최근에는 non-albicans 진균주에 의한 병원성 칸디다 혈증의 발생율이 증가하는 추세이다. Background : The aim of this study is to determine the annual occurrence of nosocomial candidemia, the relation between Candida species and underlying illness, the relation bewteen Candida species and predisposing factors, and also to compare between the outcome of candidemia of the amphotericin B treatment group and that of the fluconazole treatment group. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 61 cases with nosocomial candidemia between 1988 and 1993 in Kyung Hee University Hospital retrospectively. Results : Two cases occurred in 1988, 7 in 1989, 9 in 1990, 11 in 1991, 15 in 1992, and 17 in 1993. The incidence of candidemia by non-albicans species has increased during this period and accounted for 64.7% in 1993. The infecting candida species were C. albicans(30 cases, 49.2%), C. tropicalis(13 cases, 21.3%), C. parapsilosis(10 cases, 16.4%), C. glabrata(6 cases, 9.8%), C. guilliermondii(1 case, 1.8%), and C. krusei(1 case, 1.8%). The most common underlying disease was cerebrovascular disease(41%) followed by surgical disease(18%), solid cancer(16.4%), hematological malignancies(14.8%), and other medical illness. There were no significant differences between the amphotericin B treatment group(n=20) and the fluconazole treatment group(n=11) in mortality. Overall mortality was 45.9%. The highest mortality was in patients with previous orthopaedic surgery(83.3%) and with C. glabrata candidemia(83.3%). Conclusion : Candidemia emerged as an important hospital infection and candidemia caused by non-albicans species has significantly increased in recent years.

Physicochemical and Structural Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals

Byoung Joon KO 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Biopharmaceuticals including antibodies and recombinant proteins have been extensively developed for treatment of many diseases. For ensure the safety and efficacy of the biopharmaceutical, in-depth physicochemical, structural, and biological analyses should be needed in the stages of development and production. Therefore, wide investigation with liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and mass spectrometry (MS) has gained attention for the characterization due to its sensitivity and precision. From the intact mass analysis to hydrogen-deuterium exchanges for epitope mapping, most of used techniques for the characterization will be presented to improve understanding and quality of biopharmaceuticals.

그라비아 인쇄용 롤(roll)의 패턴 형상이 전도성 잉크를 이용한 인쇄 성능에 미치는 영향

안병준(Byoung Joon Ahn),한경준(Kyoung Joon Han),고성림(Sung Lim Ko) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5

e-Printing is the new manufacturing technology compared to traditional printing technology for electronic products. And these products need wide area printing and to be very cheap. Therefore gravure printing system with roll to roll(R2R) system will be used to reduce cost and to keep the required accuracy. Engraved roll for gravure printing system will be used. On the surface of the roll, the structure to be printed is machined negatively, which will be filled by conductive ink and transferred to the web material. As one of the characteristics of gravure printing, the areas and lines are composed of a set of dots. In this paper, lines and areas will be printed using gravure printer with conductive ink. The engraved pattern of the gravure roll is composed of various geometry of dots like depth, angle are shape. The printing result, the ratio of ink transfer and accuracy of lines, will be analyzed to investigate the influence of the geometry of dots to the quality of printing.

전도성 잉크를 이용한 그라비아 인쇄에서 패턴의 인쇄 방향이 전기적 성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

안병준(Byoung Joon Ahn),한경준(Kyung Joon Han),고성림(Sung Lim Ko) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.11

R2R process has two different direction which called cross machine direction(CMD) and machine direction(MD). The distortion of the printed pattern becomes more severe following CMD than MD. It is because that the patterns along CMD are influenced more easily by tension and the pressure of roll than that along MD. One interesting fact here is that the patterns along CMD which are distorted more severely show better electrical performance. Generally, it has various directions of pattern in case of printed circuit such as thin film transistor(TFT). Also, some devices include the intersections of lines which are expected to show different performance according to the geometry of the intersection. Consequently, we need research about an intersection line for performance enhancement of more complex printed circuit. In this paper, we analyze the variation of distortion and electric performance according to pattern geometry variation to find a optimal condition for the performance of patterns.

패턴 형상, 인쇄 및 건조 조건이 전도성 잉크를 이용한 그라비아 인쇄 결과물의 성능에 미치는 영향

안병준(Byoung Joon Ahn),한경준(Kyung Joon Han),고성림(Sung Lim Ko) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.34 No.3

e-Printing은 전통 인쇄 기술을 기반으로 하는 전자소자를 생산하기위한 새로운 기술이다. 이러한 인쇄 전자소자들은 가격을 낮추기 위하여 대면적 인쇄가 요구된다. 이렇듯 원가를 절감하며 전자 소자에 요구되는 정밀도를 충족하기 위하여 롤투롤(Roll to Roll) 방식의 그라비아(Gravure) 인쇄 시스템이 하나의 대안으로 제시된다. 그라비아 인쇄에는 인쇄 전자 소자의 성능에 영향을 미치는 요소들이 매우 많다 : 건조 방식, 건조 온도, 운전 장력, 인쇄 속도, 잉크 점도, 잉크의 전도성, 망점 및 패턴의 정밀도. 이상에서 언급한 요소들은 각각 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 인쇄 전자소자의 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 반듯이 인쇄 적합조건을 찾아야만 한다. 본 논문에서는, 전도성 잉크 및 그라이아 인쇄기를 사용하여 다양한 요소의 조건을 변화하여 패턴(선 및 면)을 인쇄하였으며, 각 인쇄 요소의 변화가 인쇄 전자소자의 성능에 미치는 영향에 관하여 분석 및 연구를 수행하였다. e-Printing is a new manufacturing technology for electronic products and is based on traditional printing technology. The electronic products require a large area to facilitate printing and to be economical. A gravure printing system that supports a roll to roll (R2R) manufacturing process can be used to reduce the cost and to achieve the required accuracy. Many factors such as drying method, drying temperature, tension,-printing velocity, ink viscosity, ink conductivity, pattern accuracy, and dot geometry influence the performance of printed electronics. These factors are closely interrelated. The optimum condition for printing must be determined to enhance the performance of the printed electronics. In this study, lines and areas are printed using a gravure printer with conductive ink under different conditions of the above mentioned factors. The results are analyzed to investigate the influence of various factors on the performance of the printed electronics.

An Fc variant with two mutations confers prolonged serum half-life and enhanced effector functions on IgG antibodies

Ko Sanghwan,Park Sora,Sohn Myung Ho,조미경,Ko Byoung Joon,Na Jung-Hyun,Yoo Hojin,Jeong Ae Lee,Ha Kyungsoo,Woo Ju Rang,Lim Chungsu,Shin Jung Hyu,Lee Dohyun,Choi So-Young,Jung Sang Taek 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

The pH-selective interaction between the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is critical for prolonging the circulating half-lives of IgG molecules through intracellular trafficking and recycling. By using directed evolution, we successfully identified Fc mutations that improve the pH-dependent binding of human FcRn and prolong the serum persistence of a model IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein. Strikingly, trastuzumab-PFc29 and aflibercept-PFc29, a model therapeutic IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein, respectively, when combined with our engineered Fc (Q311R/M428L), both exhibited significantly higher serum half-lives in human FcRn transgenic mice than their counterparts with wild-type Fc. Moreover, in a cynomolgus monkey model, trastuzumab-PFc29 displayed a superior pharmacokinetic profile to that of both trastuzumab-YTE and trastuzumab-LS, which contain the well-validated serum half-life extension Fcs YTE (M252Y/S254T/T256E) and LS (M428L/N434S), respectively. Furthermore, the introduction of two identified mutations of PFc29 (Q311R/M428L) into the model antibodies enhanced both complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity, which are triggered by the association between IgG Fc and Fc binding ligands and are critical for clearing cancer cells. In addition, the effector functions could be turned off by combining the two mutations of PFc29 with effector function-silencing mutations, but the antibodies maintained their excellent pH-dependent human FcRn binding profile. We expect our Fc variants to be an excellent tool for enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles and potencies of various therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins.

Evaluation of the hybrid-dynamic conformal arc therapy technique for radiotherapy of lung cancer

Sung Joon Kim,Jeong Won Lee,Min Kyu Kang,Jae-Chul Kim,Jeong Eun Lee,Shin-Hyung Park,Mi Young Kim,Seoung-Jun Lee,Soo-Ho Moon,Byoung-Soo Ko 대한방사선종양학회 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.3

Purpose: A hybrid-dynamic conformal arc therapy (HDCAT) technique consisting of a single half-rotated dynamic conformal arc beam and static field-in-field beams in two directions was designed and evaluated in terms of dosimetric benefits for radiotherapy of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: This planning study was performed in 20 lung cancer cases treated with the VERO system (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany). Dosimetric parameters of HDCAT plans were compared with those of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans in terms of target volume coverage, dose conformity, and sparing of organs at risk. Results: HDCAT showed better dose conformity compared with 3D-CRT (conformity index: 0.74 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). HDCAT significantly reduced the lung volume receiving more than 20 Gy (V 20 : 21.4% ± 8.2% vs. 24.5% ± 8.8%, p < 0.001; V 30 : 14.2% ± 6.1% vs. 15.1% ± 6.4%, p = 0.02; V 40 : 8.8% ± 3.9% vs. 10.3% ± 4.5%, p < 0.001; and V 50 : 5.7% ± 2.7% vs. 7.1% ± 3.2%, p < 0.001), V 40 and V 50 of the heart (V 40 : 5.2 ± 3.9 Gy vs. 7.6 ± 5.5 Gy, p < 0.001; V 50 : 1.8 ± 1.6 Gy vs. 3.1 ± 2.8 Gy, p = 0.001), and the maximum spinal cord dose (34.8 ± 9.4 Gy vs. 42.5 ± 7.8 Gy, p < 0.001) compared with 3D-CRT. Conclusions: HDCAT could achieve highly conformal target coverage and reduce the doses to critical organs such as the lung, heart, and spinal cord compared to 3D-CRT for the treatment of lung cancer patients.

Pedestrian intention prediction based on dynamic fuzzy automata for vehicle driving at nighttime

Kwak, Joon-Young,Ko, Byoung Chul,Nam, Jae-Yeal Elsevier 2017 Infrared physics & technology Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that can predict a pedestrian’s intention using images captured by a far-infrared thermal camera mounted on a moving car at nighttime. To predict a pedestrian’s intention in consecutive sequences, we use the dynamic fuzzy automata (DFA) method, which not only provides a systemic approach for handling uncertainty but also is able to handle continuous spaces. As the spatio-temporal features, the distance between the curbs and the pedestrian and the pedestrian’s velocity and head orientation are used. In this study, we define four intention states of the pedestrian: Standing-Sidewalk (S-SW), Walking-Sidewalk (W-SW), Walking-Crossing (W-Cro), and Running-Crossing (R-Cro). In every frame, the proposed system determines the final intention of the pedestrian as ‘Stop’ if the pedestrian’s intention state is S-SW or W-SW. In contrast, the proposed system determines the final intention of a pedestrian as ‘Cross’ if the pedestrian’s intention state is W-Cro or R-Cro. A performance comparison with other related methods shows that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of other related methods. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to our dataset, which includes complex environments with many pedestrians.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Using a thermal camera mounted on a moving car to predict a pedestrian’s intention. </LI> <LI> Using the dynamic fuzzy automata based on spatio-temporal feature. </LI> <LI> The proposed system determines the final intention of a pedestrian as cross or stop. </LI> <LI> Prediction accuracy is higher than those of related algorithms. </LI> </UL> </P>

모의 원자로건물 피동열침원 및 내부격실 설계

고민석(Ko Min Seok),권구원(Kwon Gu Won),추연준(Choo Yeon Jun),홍순준(Hong Soon Joon),배병언(Bae Byoung Uhn),강경호(Kang Kyung Ho) 한국유체기계학회 2017 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.12

움직임 카메라 환경에서 파티클 필터를 이용한 객체 추적

고병철(Byoung-Chul Ko),남재열(Jae-Yeal Nam),곽준영(Joon Young Kwak) 한국통신학회 2012 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.37 No.5