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        도쿄국립박물관 소장 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 도상에 관한 일고찰

        정미연(Jung, Miyeon) 한국미술사교육학회 2018 美術史學 Vol.- No.36

        도쿄국립박물관 소장 〈車爭圖屛風〉은 기존의 다른 車爭圖와는 차별되는 새로운 도상의 車爭圖이다. 본고에서는 작품이 제작된 ‘당대의 풍속’을 표현한 점과 ‘행렬’, 그리고 ‘난투’라는 〈車爭圖屛風〉만의 독특한 도상적 특징에 대해 살펴보고 그러한 도상이 채택된 배경에 대해 다각적으로 고찰해 보았다. 〈車爭圖屛風〉이 전달하고자 한 메시지는 작품의 주문자와 그 설치공간과 관련된 사회 · 정치적 상황을 함께 고려해야 제대로 파악할 수 있다. 시공간적으로 별개인 두 사건을 하나로 연결시켜 새롭게 창조한 ‘행렬’과 다른 車爭圖에서는 그려지지 않았던 격렬한 ‘난투’ 도상은 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 賀茂祭 제례도적 성격을 강화시키는 역할을 한다. 또한 〈車爭圖屛風〉에 묘사된 작품이 제작된 ‘당대의 풍속’ 표현은 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 화면에 ‘새롭게 창조된 賀茂祭 행렬’이 마치 당대 거행된 賀茂祭인 것과 같은 느낌을 준다. 이러한 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 독특한 도상들은 이 작품이 원래 건물의 내부에 설치되는 미닫이문에 그려진 襖繪였다는 점과 관련 있다. 〈車爭圖屛風〉에서 4월의 봄을 대표하는 연중행사인 賀茂祭의 제례도적 성격이 두드러진 것은 『源氏物語』에서 사계절별 화제를 선택해 구성한 襖繪로서 기능하기 위한 것이었을 가능성이 크다. 한편 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 당대 풍속묘사는 源氏繪라는 장르의 작화 특성상 작품의 주문자인 九條家의 개입 없이는 불가능한 일이다. 〈車爭圖屛風〉이 제작될 당시 九條家의 수장이었던 九條幸家(1586~1665)는 당대의 권력자인 江戶幕府의 德川將軍家와 혼인관계를 맺으며 매우 친밀한 관계를 유지한 인물이었다. 九條幸家는 1619년에 발생한 정치적 사건인 ‘およつ御寮人 사건’에서 關白이라는 조정 최고의 관직에 복귀해 분쟁의 당사자였던 江戶幕府와 교토 궁정 사이를 중재하며 사건의 해결을 꾀했다. 새로 입궁할 德川將軍家 출신 중궁을 위해 천황의 총애를 받던 측실을 쫓아낸 사건인 およつ 御寮人 사건은 격렬한 난투로 묘사된 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 六條御息所와 葵上의 車爭 장면을 연상시킨다. 〈車爭圖屛風〉의 화면 곳곳에 그려진 德川將軍家의 문장이 그려진 옷을 입은 무사들은 이 작품과 江戶幕府와의 관련성을 시사한다. 또한 賀茂祭를 주관하는 賀茂神社의 문장인 葵이 德川將軍家의 문장과 동일하다는 점도 賀茂祭를 배경으로 하는 車爭 장면이 작품의 화제로 선택된 이유가 德川將軍家와 관련 있음을 암시한다.『源氏物語』연구를 가학(家學)으로 삼을 만큼 『源氏物語』에 조예가 깊었던 九條家가 가문의 저택 내부에 설치할 源氏繪 襖繪의 화제로 およつ御寮人 사건을 연상시키는 車爭 장면을 선택한 것은 분명 의도적이었다. 九條家는 당대의 권력자인 江戶幕府와 교토 궁정과의 분쟁에서 막부의 이익을 대변한 가문의 공적을 〈車爭圖屛風〉을 통해 공공연하게 드러내고자 했던 것으로 보인다. The Folding Screen Painting of the Battle of the Carriages (車爭圖屛風, hereafter “Battle of the Carriages”) at the Tokyo National Museum (TNM) differs from other paintings on this theme by presenting unique iconographies for the scene of the battle of carriages from the Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji monogatari). This paper investigates the contemporaneous customs portrayed in this painting, the iconographies for the procession and the fierce fight, and the reason such distinct iconographies were adopted. The message this painting intends to deliver can be properly understood only by considering both the socio-political conditions surrounding the commissioner and the location where it was intended to be displayed. The scene of the procession combines two events from different times and places, and the scene of the fierce fight is not found in other paintings on the theme. These features allow the painting to serve as a ritual painting for the Aoi Matsuri (賀茂祭) festival. In addition, certain customs from the seventeenth century depicted in this painting also give the impression that the procession is one for an Aoi Matsuri as conducted at the time of the painting. The unique iconographies found in this painting are related to the fact that it was originally a fusuma-e (襖繪), a painting on sliding door panels within a building. As mentioned above, the Battle of the Carriages at the TNM appears to have served as a ritual painting for the Aoi Matsuri, an annual festival held in April. The depiction of a major spring festival may stem from the fact that this work was designed as a sliding-door panel painting featuring the four seasons as seen through motifs from seasonal scenes in the Tale of Genji. The Battle of the Carriages reflects customs from the time of its production, including in the clothing worn by the figures. Considering the conventions for paintings on the Tale of Genji, such a portrayal of contemporary customs would not have been considered allowable if it had not been specifically requested by the commissioning Kujō (九條) family. At the time the TNM painting was produced, Kujō Yukiie (九條幸家, 1586-1665), the head of the Kujō family, maintained a close relationship with the Tokugawa (德川) clan of the Tokugawa shogunate (徳川幕府, 1603-1867) through marriage. In 1619, Kujō Yukiie was reappointed to the post of Kanpaku (關白), a regent for an adult emperor, the highest post in the government. In that year, political events caused a much beloved mistress of Emperor Go-Mizunoo (後水尾天皇, r. 1611-1629) to be expelled from court on behalf of a new empress from the Tokugawa family. To settle the affair, Kujō Yukiie mediated between the Tokugawa shogunate and the imperial court in Kyoto. Interestingly, the fierce battle of carriages taking place between the servants of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro (六條御息所) and those of Aoi no Ue (葵上) as depicted in the painting recalls the strife between the new empress and the former mistress. The combatants wearing clothing with the emblem of the Tokugawa family featured in many spots around the painting reflect the relation this painting bears to the Tokugawa shogunate. Further, the fact that Gamo Jinja (賀茂神社), the Shinto shrine hosting the Aoi Matsuri festival, and the Tokugawa shogunate both used a hollyhock flower, or aoi (葵) in Japanese, as their emblem suggests the possibility that of the battle of carriages at the Aoi Matsuri was chosen as the subject of painting to suggest a relation with the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Kujō family made it a tradition to study the Tale of Genji and maintained a deep knowledge of this work. Therefore, it must certainly have been a deliberate choice to select the episode of the battle of carriages, reminiscent of the affair of the mistress of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, as a subject for the painting on the sliding door panels in the Kujō family home. It appears that the Kujō family wished to use the Battle of the Carriages to openly display the contribution they made in favor of t

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        개인지도가 대학 교양수학 학업성취도 및 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향

        정미연,표용수,Jung, Mi-Yeun,Pyo, Yong-Soo 영남수학회 2012 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.28 No.4

        In this paper, we carry out personal lessons in order to improve the problem-solving abilities of students who have a low level of university general mathematics, and find the efficient teaching method of the personal lessons by analyzing the mathematic achievement of the participating students.

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        상담자의 직무 요구-자원 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구

        정미연(Chung, Mi-Yeun),이정숙(Lee, Jung-Sook) 한국아동심리치료학회 2021 한국아동심리치료학회지 Vol.16 No.3

        The purpose of this study was to develop a job demands-resources scale for counselors and verified its validity. The study method shows as follows. The interviews were conducted with 16 counselors to develop final preliminary questions. The scale was developed using statistical item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis surveys with 514 counselors in national. First of all, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to 150 counselors with SPSS 25.0. Also sampled 364 new counselors and performed a confirmative factor analysis using AMOS 25.0 to validate factors-related indicators. The results are as follows: First, the result of confirmative factor analysis, the factor structure determined by the verified measure of counselor job demands was found to be 3 factors in a total of 15 items (role conflict, quantitative workload, and qualitative workload). In addition, the job resources scale decision factor structure was shown in a total of 27 items with 5 factors (profession development opportunity, autonomy, social support, pay, and sense of calling). Second, the credibility survey of the counselor’s job demand-resource scale found that Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was sufficient at .91, .89, respectively. Third, Confirmative factor analysis to establish construct validity suggested that all indices of model fit, construct reliability, and average variance extract AVE were met by criteria recommended, which represented both convergent and discriminant validity of scales developed were satisfactory and sufficient. In conclusion, the results indicated that this scale is a reliable instrument for assessing counselor’s job demands-resources.

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