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『계간 잔소리』와 재일코리안 2세의 자기의식- 잡지 앙케이트란과 독자투고란을 중심으로 -
이한정 동국대학교 일본학연구소 2019 일본학 Vol.48 No.-
This paper discusses how second generation Koreans in Japan started to regard themselves through Kikan Jansori(Quarterly Nagging), a Japanese magazine published by second generation Koreans in Japan from 1979 until 1981. The questionnaire section and reader submission section of the magazine show how ‘ordinary’ second generation Koreans living in different places of Japan gain new awareness of their ‘ethnic group’ and ‘homeland’ through their real life experience in Japan. The number of second generation Koreans who were born and raised in Japan increased in the mid1970s. Unlike the first generation of Koreans who came to Japan, the second generation began to think differently about the ‘ethnic group’ and ‘homeland’ from the first generation. Kikan Jansori is a space that presented such generation gap by solely expressing voices of the second generation. In this magazine, ‘ordinary’ second generation Koreans reveal the awareness that ‘Japan,’ their birthplace and habitat, is another ‘root’ of their life as important as the ‘ethnic group’ and ‘homeland.’ Furthermore, Japan is a place that provides the ‘choice of life’ and ‘route of life’ to them. To second generation Koreans, ‘Joseon’ is a legacy that leads from the present to the future. This is why the two roots are shown in the lifestyle of the second generation. 본고는 1979년에 창간되어 1981년까지 재일코리안 2세들에 의해 일본어로 발행된 『계간 잔소리』를 통해 재일코리안 2세들이 자기 자신을 어떤 존재로 여기기 시작했는지를 고찰했다. 잡지의 앙케이트 조사란과 독자투고란은 일본 각지에 살고 있는 ‘보통’의 재일코리안 2세들이 자신의 ‘민족’과 ‘조국’을 일본의 실생활 경험 속에서 새롭게 의식하는 양상을 보여준다. 1970년대 중반이 되면 일본에서 태어나 자란 재일코리안 2세들이 증가한다. 조국에서 일본으로 건너온 1세와 달리 2세는 ‘민족’이나 ‘조국’에 대해 1세와 다르게 생각하기 시작한다. 『계간 잔소리』는 이러한 세대 차이가 온전히 2세들만의 목소리로서 분출되고 있었던 공간이었다. 이 잡지에서 ‘보통’의 2세들은 ‘일본’이라는 공간이 ‘민족’이나 ‘조국’에 못지않게 자신들의 출생지, 삶의 터전으로서 ‘뿌리(root)’라는 의식을 나타낸다. 나아가 일본은 ‘삶의 선택’과 ‘삶의 길(route)’을 열어주는 곳이었다. 또한 그들에게 ‘조선’은 현재에서 미래로 이어지는 유산이다. 그렇기에 두 개의 뿌리는 모두 2세들의 생활 의식 속에서 삶의 여정을 이끌어 주는 것이다.
이한정 한국일본학회 2013 日本學報 Vol.96 No.-
本稿では1988年以来韓国で翻訳された村上春樹の『ノルウェイの森』の6種の韓国語訳本の様相を検討し、特に1989年に『喪失の時代』として刊行された訳本を中心に、それが韓国の文学の状況とどのように交差されているのかを文化接続の観点から考察する。また、『ノルウェイの森』の翻訳の主調低音である性的描写をめぐて広がった論争が、翻訳という文化的交差においてどのような波紋を呼び起こしたかを翻訳作品にも照らし合わせて探ってみた。翻訳は 「原作」を想定するものの、その 「原作」とは別のテキストとして自立していることが『喪失の時代』の韓国での影響を通じて分かった。文化の交差する場である翻訳が行われる地点とは、異る文化がお互いに出会いすれ違いを繰り返している現場でもある。『ノルウェイの森』の翻訳の位置づけと受容の様態は常に揺らぎ続けている。翻訳作品を取り巻く環境においてそのつと新たな意味を発生されるかもしれない。翻訳の状況とは単なる 「意味」の伝達だけでのことではなくて、ターゲットテキストの文化的要素を配置するにまで及ぶ。翻訳が生まれる環境と互いに競合しあう関係に『ノルウェイの森』の翻訳本があると言えよう。2008年に出版された最新の翻訳本の『ノルウェイの森』の分析で分かるように、「原作」に忠実であることが翻訳の第一ではない。『ノルウェイの森』の韓国語訳本のそれぞれの様態は、翻訳とはもはや 「原作」の代わりではなく、「原作」の変形とその意味の屈折されたものとして、別の文化圏へと移し変える行為であることを示しているのである。
이한정 한국일본어문학회 2015 日本語文學 Vol.65 No.-
本稿は在日作家である李良枝の遺稿作「石の聲」における「母國」の意味について考察したものである。1980年から十年程度韓國に留學してきた李良枝にとって「母國」とは彼女の文學世界において重要なモチ一フとなっている。「ナビ·タリョン」を初めとする主な作品に在日留學生の母國生活が描かれている。特に、芥川賞受賞作である「由熙」は母國生活に挫折し、韓國を離れる在日韓國人の物語である。その作品における「母國」は「つらさ」であり「傷」でもある。「韓國」と「韓國語」は、それぞれ我が國を表す「ウリナラ」と我が國の人の言葉を意味する「ウリマル」という言葉で表現されている。しかし、この言葉は母國との葛藤樣子を示すものになる。それに比べて「石の聲」では、「ウリナラ」と「ウリマル」の表記は描かれておらず「韓國」と「韓國語」という言葉だけが用いられている。「石の聲」における「母國」は、「ウリナラ」という我が國の共同體を欲望する空間でなく、日本と韓國といった二項對立の觀念性の呪縛を乘り越えていく自己解放の空間として現れていることがわかる。
이한정 한국일본학회 2014 日本學報 Vol.100 No.-
본고는 개화기부터 현재까지의 국내 일본문학 번역의 흐름을 일본문학 전집과 선집의 번역, 일본 대하소설, 무라카미 하루키, 추리소설, 고전문학, 작가 전집 번역을 대상으로 살폈다. 그리고 일본문학 번역의 평가와 연구의 현황과 전망을 제시했다. 개화기를 거쳐 일제 강점기에 일본문학의 번역은 매우 미비했고, 대개 번역이 아닌 번안으로 이루어졌다. 해방 직후부터 1960년까지는 이승만 정권의 배일정책 등으로 일본문학 번역은 공백기를 맞이했으나, 4.19를 거치면서 1980년대까지 전집, 선집, 대하소설 등 여러 형태로 번역이 대량 생산되었고 이들 번역본은 대개 ‘일본알기(知日)’의 일환으로 소개되었다. 1990년에 들어서는 무라카미 하루키의 작품이 번역되면서 한국문학에 커다란 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 같은 시기에 노벨문학상 수상자 오에 겐자부로 전집 번역이 기획되면서 한일 간의 ‘문화 교류’와 ‘일본이해’가 번역의 역할로 요구되었다. 하지만 무라카미 하루키뿐만 아니라 그 이후에 전개된 방대한 추리소설 등의 번역은 문화 교류와는 별개의 소비였다. 2005년 이후에 다자이 오사무, 나쓰메 소세키, 아쿠타가와 류노스케의 개인 전집이 번역되었고 주요 고전문학 작품도 거의 번역되면서 일본문학의 번역은 현재 호황을 누리고 있다. 이렇게 일본문학 번역은 다양한 작품이 다채롭게 국내에서 소비되고 있으나 그에 관한 평가나 연구는 아직 초입단계에 있다. 번역의 ‘오류와 오역’의 지적에 머물고『일본문학 번역 60년 현황과 분석』에서 수행한 연구 성과를 넘지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 국내의 문학번역 평가는 번역비평으로 나가려는 방향에서 문학번역 연구도 새로운 전기를 맞이하고 있다. 일본문학번역 연구도 이러한 상황을 주시하면서 번역을 둘러싼 제반 현상을 시야에 두고 다각적인 관점에서 임해서 일본학 연구의 외연을 확장하는 쪽으로 나아가 할 것이다. The translation of Japanese literature in Korea did not receive much attention during both the transitional era to the modern world and the Japanese colonial era. During this time most works of literature were simply adapted, but not translated. The anti-Japanese policy of the Rhee Syngman Government caused the translation of Japanese literature to be neglected in the period between Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule and the 1960s. In subsequent years, a substantial number of complete works, selections, and novel sequences were translated in different forms between the time of the 4.19 Revolution and the 1980s. Most of these translations were introduced in support of the policy of ‘knowing Japan’. The translations of the work of Murakami Haruki greatly influenced Korean literature in the 1990s. Moreover, during the planning stages of the translation of the complete works of Kenzaburō Ōe, an author who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, translations were required to promote ‘cultural exchange’ between Korea and Japan as well as an ‘understanding of Japan". However, the translation of works by Murakami Haruki, including his lengthy detective novels, was more likely driven by consumption, rather than by a desire to promote cultural exchange. The complete works of individual authors such as Dazai Osamu, Soseki Natsume and Ryunosuke Akutagawa have been translated since 2005. Moreover, most of the main classical works of literature have also been translated. It can therefore be said that the translation of Japanese literature has been enjoying its golden age. These efforts have led to the consumption of many different translated works of Japanese literature in Korea. However, the critical literary evaluation of translated works is still in its infancy and has mainly focused on drawing attention to errors in translation and mistranslation. In fact, the level of evaluation has not exceeded the result of a study, ‘The Status and Analysis of 60 Years of Japanese Literature Translation’. Of late, the evaluation of literary translation in Korea has been moving in the direction of translational criticism; hence, the study of literary translation has reached a new turning point. With these developments in mind, a study of the translation of Japanese literature was conducted from multiple perspectives and evaluated against translational theories with the aim of extending the scope of Japanese studies.
이한정 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2013 한국민족문화 Vol.46 No.-
This study discusses what Yangjee Lee, Megumu Sagisawa, and Kohei Tsuka experienced in their homeland when they came to Korea and stayed in Korea for a few months or years in the 1980’s and 1990’s. To Korean Japanese writers, their 'homeland' may not exist but they experienced their homeland in different times and circumstances and they internalized their 'homeland'. To Yangjee Lee, her homeland was a place to realize her identity but she eventually accepted it as a means to find 'herself as an individual'. However, she failed to move forward to a bigger category such as 'people' or 'nation-state' on the basis of her life in her homeland. When Megumu Sagisawa stayed in Korea, she faced 'circumstances' in which all people were in Korea. She looked at 'circumstances' in which each nation or individual was and she secured a status of 'overseas Koreans' who cannot be included in a category such as a nation or people. Her experience in Korea made her give up her concept of the nation in Korea because she could experience her homeland when she was not included in the nation-state. Kohei Tsuka compared his homeland to an abstract concept, 'the beauty of a woman'. He located himself in the middle of Japan and Korea and he considered his homeland as a shelter for his self-independence on the basis of his experience in Korea. These three writers expanded their world beyond their boundaries without being bound by their homeland or perceiving their homeland as a reason for homesickness through their experiences in their 'homeland'. 본고는 1980년대와 1990년대 무렵에 한국을 찾아 수년 혹은 수개월에 걸쳐 체류한 이양지, 사기사와 메구무, 쓰카 고헤이의 조국체험을 고찰하고있다. 재일코리안 작가에게 ‘조국’은 실재하지 않을 수도 있으나, 그들은 제각각 다른 시기와 다른 처지에서 조국을 체험하면서 ‘조국’을 자기 자신 안에 내면화시켰다. 이양지에게 조국은 정체성을 구현하는 공간이었으나, 결국 ‘개체(個)로서의 자기 자신’을 발견하는 통로로 받아들였다. 그러나 이양지는 조국을 체험하면서 ‘민족’이나 ‘국가’ 단위의 범주를 넘어서는 지점으로 까지는 나가지를 못했다. 사기사와 메구무는 한국에 머물면서 한국이 안고 있는 ‘사정’을 직시했다. 조국에서 국가나 민족이라는 범주 안으로 포섭될 수 없는 ‘교포’의 위치를 확보했다. 이로써 그의 국가 관념은 조국 건너편으로 밀려났다. 쓰카 고헤이는 조국을 추상화된 개념 ‘여인의 아름다움’으로 비유했다. 스스로 일본과 한국의 중간지대에 자기를 위치시키고 조국을 자기 해방의 의지처로 삼았다.
이한정 한국일어일문학회 2017 日語日文學硏究 Vol.103 No.1
This paper examine the acceptance of Natsume Soseki’s literature in Korea in terms of the publication status of translated versions. The first Korean translation version of Natsume Soseki’s work is “Botchan”, translated by Jong-yeol Lee and published in 1960. Since then, most works of Natsume Soseki such as novels, critiques, essays, letters, etc. except for “Literary Theory”, “Literary Criticism”, Haiku, and Chinese poetry have been translated into Korean. Also, “Botchan”, “I am a Cat”, and “Kokoro” have been translated multiple times by different translators. In addition to these three works, “Sorekara”, “Michikusa”, “Yume Juya”, etc. have been included in the “Complete Series of World Literature” in Korea. Korean translations of Natsume Soseki’s works have increased after the 2000s. It was influenced by the fact that “Botchan” was evaluated as a so-called “classic” in the 1990s and was included as a book for youths’ preparation for discourse; it is also because Natsume Soseki was introduced in Korea as ‘Shakespeare’ of Japan, ‘nation’s author’, and ‘Obverse of a 1984 series 1000 Japanese yen banknote’, widely spreading the awareness among Korean readers that he is the most representative author in Japan. Going along with this atmosphere, all 14 books were translated into the Korean version of “Natsume Soseki’s Novel Collection” for 3 years from 2013 to 2016. It is clear that the publication of these completed works was achieved not because study on Natsume Soseki made progress in Korea but rather due to the expansion of Korean readers of Natsume Soseki’s literature. Natsume Soseki’s literature has secured awareness as must-read works in this era. Presently, Natsume Soseki’s literature has become ‘goods’ and ‘classics’ in Korea. 本稿の目的は1945年から2016年までの夏目漱石文学の韓国語翻訳の出版現況についてと、その受容の様相を考察することである。韓国において最初に翻訳出版された夏目漱石の作品は『坊っちゃん』であり、その出版年は1960年である。そして2016年まで『文学論』『文学評論』、俳句、漢詩など一部を除いて夏目漱石の作品のほとんどは韓国語に翻訳されている。また、『坊っちゃん』『吾輩は猫である』『こころ』は数十回にわたって再度訳されており、この三作を含めて『それから』『道草』「夢十夜」は韓国で出版されている各出版社「世界文学全集」にも収められている。夏目漱石の作品の韓国語訳が増加したのは2000年代以降である。1990年代に『坊っちゃん』が青少年向けの必読書の一つになった影響もあるだろう。さらに夏目漱石は日本の「国民作家」「シェイクスピア」などとメディアによって紹介され日本の代表作家として読者層にその認知が広がったこともある。このような流れで2013年から2016年まで韓国語版『夏目漱石小説全集』全14巻(短篇集は別巻)が刊行された。全集は好調な売れ行きを見せた。夏目漱石の韓国語の作品は現在「古典」とある種「商品」のように受け入れられていると言えよう。