Column-Switching System을 이용한 우유속의 D-아미노산의 미량정량

이선행,김경희,이영철,김상태,Lee, Sun Haing,Kim, Kyoung Hee,Lee, Young Cheol,Kim, Sang Tae 대한화학회 1995 대한화학회지 Vol.39 No.4

시중에 시판되고 있는 우유를 전처리하여 이 우유에 포함된 유리 아미노산을 dansyl-chloride로 유도체화시켜 C-18 컬럼을 이용한 역상 LC법으로 분리한 다음 표준물 첨가법으로 정량했다. 미량의 D-아미노산의 분리에서는 LC의 Column-Switching System을 이용하였으며 비키랄 컬럼을 통과한 단실 D/L-아미노산에 $Cu(N-benzyl-L-proline)_2$를 이동상에 첨가한 키랄 분리를 수행하여 L-아미노산에서 D-아미노산을 분리 정량했다. 이 방법은 우유시료 중에 존재하는 16가지 아미노산의 정량이 가능하며 이중에 12가지의 D-아미노산이 column switching 방법을 통한 키랄 분리로 정량이 가능하다. 우유 100 mL에 총 유리 아미노선이 41.00 mg 포함되어 있음을 확인했으며, D-아미노산은 D-glutamic acid가 2.05%, D-alanine 2.93%만이 포함되어 있음을 확인했다. Free amino acids were isolated from milk and their absolute amounts were determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with dansyl chloride. The determination of D- and L-amino acids was based on achiral separation on a C18 column. It was found that milk contained totally 41.00 mg DL-amino acids in 100 mL milk. The level of D-amino acids to L-amino acids was determined by a column-switching system combining an achiral reversed phase separation and chiral chelate additive. The chiral separation was carried out with addition of the chiral Cu(N-benzyl-L-proline)2 chelate to the mobile phase in reversed phase liquid chromatography. It was found that the determination of 16 different amino acids is feasible in the milk sample with a C18 column separation and 12 D-amino acids out of the 16 amino acids can be determined via the column-switching system with chiral separation. 2.05% of D-glutamic acid and 2.93% of D-alanine were found in milk.

삼복첩(三伏貼)의 영향 요인 및 임상 효과 판정에 관한 예비 연구

이선행,김초영,장규태,Lee, Sun-Haeng,Kim, Cho-Young,Chang, Gyu-Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2011 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Backgrounds: Sticking warm and hot herbs to acupoint in Dog-Days where the strongest Yangqi takes place, Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is one of Oriental medical treatment to cure winter diseases in the summer. This treatment is widespread in China and Taiwan, and is becoming popular in South Korea nowadays. Objectives: The research has been conducted to evaluate the influencial factors and efficacy in Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days. Methods: We visited one kindergarten in Dog-Days of 2010, and attached pills which are made of Sinapis Semen(白芥子), Corydalis Tuber(玄胡索), Asari Herba Cum Radix(細辛), Juice of Zingiber Officinale(薑汁) to BL-13(肺兪), BL-15(心兪), BL-17(膈兪) of 56 children for 4-6 hours(34 boys, 22 girls, $52.64{\pm}16.85$ months, 19-78 months). Exacerbating effect or non-significant changes in respiratory symptoms before and after the treatment were ified.. The influentialfactors of efficacy were analyzed by Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test. In addition, the efficacy and satisfaction among once, twice, and three times treatment groups were verified by ANOVA. Results: 27 children (48.2%) were effective, but efficacy felt by parents is 45 cases (80.4%). Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold of hands and feet, cold sensitivity, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to efficacy(p>0.05). However, the efficacy is poor in 1 and 2 age(p=0.030). Difference among efficacy of once, twice, and three times treatment groups is not significant(p=0.069), whereas there are linear association in frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days and efficacy(p=0.030). 36 parents (64.3%) are satisfied with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, and we observed significant difference among once, twice, three times treatment groups(p=0.041). 19 parents (33.9%) had been known about Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, but 53 parents (94.6%) wanted repetition, and 41 parents (73.2%) intended to recommend it to acquaintance. Side effects are minor itching in two cases. Twenty seven participants showed positive effect, and forty five people (80.4%) felt beneficial. Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold hands and feet, sensitivity in cold, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to the efficacy(p>0.05). Though the efficacy was poor in one and two year old infants, it was linearly correlated with the frequency count and responses from the treatment (p=0.030). Thirty six participants (64.3%) satisfied with the treatment, and so did the first, second, and third participant groups (p=0.041). Even though, only nineteen participants (33.9%) were familiar with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, fifty three participants (94.6%) preferred to repeat the treatment, and 41 parents were preferable to recommend the treatment to others. Side effects of minor itching has been reported in a couple cases. Conclusions: Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is effective in children older than three year old. The effect would be greater when going through the treatment three times. Based on significant satisfaction, intention of repetition and recommendation, strong promotion on Dog-Days are needed to make a better use of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days for the effective treatment.

계통 안정화를 위한 스마트 인버터 및 제어 기능 소개

이선행,차지윤,이교범 전력전자학회 2021 전력전자학회지 Vol.26 No.4

學校敎育의 問題와 少年非行에 관하 考察

李善行 한국경찰학회 2004 한국경찰학회보 Vol.6 No.1

학교의 여러 측면은 다양한 형태의 비행이나 위법적 행동과 관련디 있다. 학생들이 학교교육에서 경험하는 죄절감이나, 학교에 대한 가치는 반항심은 학생의 비행을 유도하게 되는 계기가 되기도 한다. 오늘날 우리나라의 학교교육은 고등학교와 대학교의 입시로 인하여 교육제도가 자율적인 젊은이를 길러내지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 다시 말하면 학교수준이 높아갈수록 자율능력 분위기가 강해지고 교육의 수준과 자율적 교육풍토와는 역비례하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 현대의 고학력 사회에서는 학교는 여러 가지 문제를 안고 있으며, 그러한 문제를 크게 세가지로 대별하여 고찰해보기로 한다. 첫째, 학교가 처하고 있는 교과교육의 문제, 둘째, 학교교육의 수험체제의 문제, 셋째, 학교에서의 인간관계의 관료화에 따른 문제에 대하여 알아보겠다. 또한 이러한 문제점들의 보완을 통하여 정상적인 교육이 살아나기 위해서는 필요한 조건을 충족시킬 만한 교육개혁이 있어야 하겠다. 즉, 근본적인 학교교육의 문제점을 밝혀내고 그에 따른 예방대책을 마련하는 것은 대다수의 학생들에게서 발생하는 비행을 미연에 방지할 수 있다는 점에서 무엇보다도 긴요한 일이라고 할 수 있다. Schools are related with a variety of forms of delinquencies or illegal behavior in a number of aspects. Studuents' sense of frustration or their spirit of insubordination leads to juvenile delinquencies. Accordingly this research is designed to take a comprehensive look at what influences schools have on student delinquencies and how school education should be provided with a view to cultivating sound young people through self-fulfillment and self-realization without committing delinquencies. This study takes a look at the actual condition of Korean juvenile delinquencies and theoretic discussions in regard to schools and delinquencies. The above problems experienced by students in today's schools in relation to exam-hell education, jam-packed classes and oversized school give rise to poor study progress on account of loss of students' interest in learning with school maladjustment relating to study caused by study-related tension and pressure.

고성능 액체크로마토 그래피에 의한 Dansyl-아미노산 광학이성질체의 분리

이선행,오대섭,박경숙,Sun Haing Lee,Tae Sub O,Kyung Sug Park 대한화학회 1986 대한화학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Dansyl 유도화된 아미노산의 광학이성질체를 분리하기 위해 광학활성인 L-arginine과 몇가지 금속(구리, 아연, 카드뮴, 니켈)의 킬레이트를 이동상에 첨가하여 역상 칼럼내에서 분리를 시도했다. 구리 킬레이트 이외의 것은 광학이성질체의 분리가 안되었다. 아미노산의 광학이성질체의 분리 거동은 이동상의 pH 및 유기용매조성, 완충용액의 종류와 농도, 금속의 종류와 킬레이트 농도에 의해 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. Valine, metionine, leucine, phenylalanine은 D형이 먼저 용리되고 serine과 alanine은 L형이 먼저 용리되었으며 threonine은 D형과 L형의 분리현상이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 분리거동은 리간드 교환반응에 의한 (D, L-DNS-AA) (M) (L-Arg) 3종류 착물이 형성될때의 입체 특이성효과로써 설명할 수 있다. Separation of optical isomers of DNS derivatized amino acids by a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been studied by adding a complex of an optically active amino acid (L-arginine) with the metal ion (Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II)) to the mobile phase. The separations are affected by the concentrations of acetonitrile, chelate and buffer. They are also affected by the pH and the kinds of metal and buffer. A separation mechanism, which is based on steric effect of the ligand exchange reaction for the formation of ternary complexes by the D,L-DNS-amino acids and the chiral additive associated with the stationary phase, is proposed to interpret the elution behaviors of D, L-dansyl-amino acids.

리간드교환 크로마토그래피에 의한 DNP-아미노산의 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피적 분리

李善行,吳岱燮,柳在旭,尹水弘 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Some derivatized DNP-amino acids can be separated by a ligand exchange chromatography, in which several libile metal chelates are added to the mobile phase of a reversed phase column. Cu^2+, Zn^2+, Cd^2+, or Ni^2+ as a central metal and L-Proline, L-Hydroxyproline, or L-Arginine as a ligand are added to the mobile phase. The DNP-amino acids separated were detected by a UV detector at 360nm. The retention times of the DNP-amino acids are different according to the use of different central metal ions. These behaviors can be explained as a ligand exchange capability. The retention time increased slightly with increase in metal chelate concentration. The separation selctivity was greatly varied with the composition of acetonitrile in the mobile phase. In DNP-amino acid separation, the variation in pH and temperature greatly affect the retention time: the increase in pH or temperature decreases the retention time. Enthalpy and entropy values for the chromatographic retention of the DNP-amino acids are calculated from the retention data by evaluation of Van’t Hoff plots. These values are dependent on the hydrophobic effect and/or ligand exchange capability.

N-hexadecay-L-proline이 코팅된 역상 원심 액체크로마토그래피에 의한 아미노산 이성질체의 분리

이선행,오대섭,이해운,Sun Haing Lee,Tae Sub Oh,Hae Woon Lee 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.6

간단하고, 경제적이고, 다양한 응용이 가능한 시스템을 이용하여 거울상 이성질체를 분리 및 분취하였다. 소수성 아미노산 이성질체를 N-hexadecyl-L-proline이 코팅된 역상 원심 액체크로마토그래피로써 분리, 분취하였다. 아미노산 이성질체의 용리 및 분리에 영향을 주는 구리(Ⅱ) 농도, pH, 이동상의 유기용매 종류 및 농도, 원심 액체크로마토그래피의 원형 컬럼의 회전속도 등에 대하여 연구하였다. 수 mg의 소수성 아미노산을 분취하였다. 모든 다른 아미노산을 분리 및 분취하려면, 다양한 코팅 리간드에 대하여 연구하여야 한다. We prepared a simple, economic and versatile preparative system for an enantiomeric separation. Hydrophobic amino acid enantiomers were resolved in the preparative scale by a centrifugal liquid chromatography on the N-hexadecyl-L-proline coated reversed phase. The factors controlling the retention and resolution of racemic amino acids such as the concentration of Cu(Ⅱ), pH of the eluent, the type and content of organic modifier, and rpm of CLC were examined. Several mg of hydrophobic amino acid enantiomers were separated preparatively. To separate all of different amino acid enantiomers, various coating material will be investigated.

구리(II) 킬레이트의 첨가에 의한 자유아미노산 광학이성질체의 역상 액체크로마토그래피적 분리

이선행,오대섭,안홍엽,박경숙,오상오,Sun Haing Lee,Tae Sub Oh,Hong Yeup An,Kyung Sug Park,Sang Oh OH 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.6

역상 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피에서 L-proline과 그 유도체들(hydroxy-L-proline, N-benzyl-L-proline, p-xylenyl-L-proline, p-xylenyl-hydroxy-L-proline)의 구리(II) 킬레이트를 이동상에 첨가하여 유도체화 안된(자유) 아미노산 광학이성질체를 분리하였다. OPA-postcolumn 검출장치를 이용하여 검출하였고, 자유아미노산에 관한 머무름 거동을 이동상의 pH와 킬레이트 종류 및 농도, 유기용매의 종류 및 조성에 관해 연구하였다. 자유아미노산에서의 머무름 거동은 DNS-아미노산이나 DABS-아미노산과 같은 아미노산 유도체와는 다르게 나타났고, 분리 선택성도 자유아미노산이 아미노산 유도체들 보다 더 좋았다. 사용한 여러가지 리간드 가운데 p-xylenyl-L-proline을 사용했을 때 최대의 광학 분리의 선택성을 나타내었다. 아미노산과 구리 착물간의 리간드 교환반응의 입체효과에 따른 정지상과의 소수성 상호작용으로 분리 메카니즘을 설명할 수 있었다. Separation of the optical isomers of free amino acids by a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography has been studied by adding a copper(II) complex of L-proline or L-proline derivatives (hydroxy-L-proline, N-benzyl-L-proline, p-xylenyl-L-proline, p-xylenyl-hydroxy-L-proline) in the mobile phase. An OPA postcolumn detection system was used for the detection of amino acids. The chromatographic properties for the free amino acids were discussed in terms of the pH, the kinds and concentration of chelate or organic modifier. The retention behaviors of the free amino acids were considerably different from, those of DNS-amino acids or DABS-amino acids. The enantioselectivity of the free amino acids was better than that of derivatized amino acids. The enantioselectivity between the optical isomers observed by use of the Cu(II)-p-xylenyl-L-proline chiral cheleate was the best among the several copper(II) chelate. A separation mechanism could be illustrated not only by the hydrophobic interaction of the diastereomer with stationary phase but also by the steric effect of the ligand exchange reaction between the free-amino acids and copper chelate.

키랄킬레이트 이동상첨가법에 의한 답실아미노산의 광학이성질체 분리

이선행,오대섭,변성구,Lee, Seon Haeng,O, Dae Seop,Byeon, Seong Gu 대한화학회 1990 대한화학회지 Vol.34 No.4

역상 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피에 Cu (Ⅱ)-L-Proline 킬레이트를 이동상에 첨가하여 답실아미노산(DABS-AA)을 광학분리했다. DABS-아미노산에 관한 머무름거동을 이동상으로 아세토니트릴, 착물 및 완충용액의 농도와 pH에 따라 연구 검토했다. DABS-아미노산의 광학분리선택성은 이동상의 pH와 킬레이트의 농도가 증가하면 증가하나 유기용매의 농도에 따라 감소한다. 완충액의 농도에는 무관하다. DABS-아미노산과 구리 착물간의 리간드 교환반응의 입체효과에 따른 시스-트란스 생성으로 분리메카니즘을 설명할 수 있다. Optical isomers of DABS-amino acids have been separated in a reversed phae high performance liquid chromatography by adding Cu (Ⅱ)-L-Proline chelate to the mobile phase. The retention behaviors for the DABS-amino acids are discussed in terms of pH of the mobile phase and the concentrations of acetonitrile, Cu (Ⅱ) complex, and buffer. The selectivity of the optical isomers of DABS-amino acids increases with the pH of the mobile, and the concentration of the chelate, but decreases with concentration of the oganic modifier. The concentration of buffer does not affect the optical separation selectivity. A separation mechanism is illustrated by cis and trans formation based on the steric effect of the ligand exchange reaction between DABS-amino acids and the copper chelate.

나와 우리 아이들에게 행복한 영어를 선물해준 "노부영"

이선행 한국초등영어교육학회 2008 한국초등영어교육학회회보 Vol.- No.23