고상식 육성비육돈사에 적합한 환기시스템에 관한 연구

유용희,송준익,최동윤,정의수,전경호,이풍연,김상우,정종원,Yoo, Yong-Hee,Song, Jun-Ik,Choi, Dong-Yoon,Chung, Eui-Soo,Jeon, Kyoung-Ho,Lee, Poong-Yeon,Kim, Sang-Woo,Jeung, Jong-Won 한국축산환경학회 2010 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구 국내 여건에 적합한 돈사시설과 분뇨처리가 일체형으로 조합된 고상식 돈사를 개발하는데 있어 1차적으로 적합한 환기 시스템 선발을 하고자 수행하였다. 고상식 돈사는 가로 29m, 세로 9m, 높이 7.5m 이며, l층 높이는 3.1m, 2층 높이는 2.4m 설계 건축하였다. 각 처리별 환기시스템은 l층으로 부터 2층 중천장까지 처리별로 칸막이를 고상식 돈사 내에 설치하였다. 각 처리별 환기방식은 덕트입기$\rightarrow$측벽배기 (처리 V1), 처마입기 (측벽 천장)$\rightarrow$측벽배기 (처리 V2), 천장입기$\rightarrow$측벽배기 (처리 V3) 3개 환기방식을 조사하였다. 공기흐름도와 공기유속을 조사하였다. 공기유속 조사시 환기량은 최소, 중간, 최대로 설정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 덕트입기에서 공기흐름도는 2층과 l 층에서 비교적 균일한 수직 하강흐름을 보였고, 처마입기 (측벽천장)는 2층과 1층에서 대칭의 공기유동 하강흐름을 보였다. 천장입기는 중천장을 따라 공기가 우산형태로 퍼지면서 배출되고 느린 공기유속 보이며 l층으로 하강흐름을 보였다 최소환기량일때 하부지점 (돈방 바닥으로부터 80 cm)의 공기유속은 덕트입기, 처마입기 그리고 천장입기 비슷한 경향이었다. 최대환기량일때 덕트입기에서 하부지점의 공기유속이 (0.10~0.26 m/s)로 변화폭이 적었고, 처마입기에서는 공기유속은(0.12~0.63 m/s)로 변화의 폭이 넓고, 천장엽 기는 공기유속이 (0.07~0.15 m/s)로 느리며 변화폭이 적었다. 이상의 결과 덕트입기를 고상식돈사에서 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료되나, 돼지 사양과 실증시험으로 좀 더 검증이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The goal of this study was to develop a suitable ventilation system for high-rise hog building (HRHB) for growing-fattening with combined slatted floor pen in second story and in situ manure management system in Korea. The HRHB was constructed as 29m long, 9m wide and 7.6m high for outer dimension with an indoor height of 3.1m and 2.4 for lower and upper floor, respectively. Ventilation systems for each treatment were installed in separated rooms of HRHB. The ventilation types installed in each room were following 3 types: ventilation type 1 (V1), where air was pulled through a circular duct inlet and exhausted by fans; ventilation type 2 (V2), where air was pulled through eave inlet (side ceiling inlet) and exhausted by fans; and ventilation type 3 (V3), where air was pulled through baffled ceiling inlet and exhausted by fans. For each ventilation system, investigated air velocity under minimum, medium and maximum ventilation ratio and air flow pattern inside. The results were as follows; For air flow pattern from top to bottom, V1 showed a homogeneous vertical type, V2 showed a bilateral symmetry type and V3 showed an vertical umbrella type. Under minimum ventilation ratio, air velocity in upper floor (80cm above the slated floor) was similar for V1, V2, and V3. Under maximum ventilation ratio, air velocity in upper floor was undeviating for V1 (0.10~0.26m/s) and varied for V2 (0.12~0.63m/s) while those for V3 was relatively slow and less varied (0.07~0.15m/s). In conclusion, Duct inlet type (V1) can be applied to the development of a new HRHB with additional evaluations such as field test hog feeding.

돈사 내 및 부지경계에서 악취물질 발생 조사 연구

유용희,김태일,정종원,곽정훈,최희철,송준익,양창범,장영기,김호정,송기봉,Yoo Yong-Hee,Kim Tae-Il,Jeong Jong-Won,Gwak Jeong-Hun,Choi Hee-Chul,Song Jun-Ik,Yang Chang Bum,Jang Young-Kee,Kim Ho-Jung,Song Ki-Pong 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 대규모, 중규모, 소규모 양돈장을 선정 각 성장단계별 돈사내 및 부지경계선에서 악취물질 발생 농도에 대한 1차적인 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 조사한 돈사의 형태는 무창돈사, 개방돈사이며 분뇨처리는 슬러리, 톱밥돈사 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 돈사 내에서 악취물질 발생 농도를 조사한 결과 성장단계, 사육규모에 관계없이 암모니아:0.9${\~}$21.0ppm으로 가장 높았고, 그 다음 황화수소:51.9${\~}$6,712.4ppb, 메틸머캅탄:N. D.${\~}$12.9ppb, 다이메틸설파이드:N. D.${\~}$5.2ppb, 다이메틸다이설 파이드:N. D.${\~}$2.6ppb 순으로 악취물질 발생 농도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 부지경계의 악취물질 농도는 돈사시설에서 풍하 방향을 고려하여 20m 외곽에서 실시하였다. 조사 당시 풍속은 0.23${\~}$0.73m/s 이었다. 악취물질 발생 농도 범위는 암모니아 0.2${\~}$4.5ppm, 황화수소 0.0l${\~}$0.06ppb, 메틸머캅탄 N. D.${\~}$0.009ppb, 다이메틸다이설파이드 N. D.${\~}$0.002ppb가 측정되었다. 악취물질별로 돈사 내 및 부지경계 기준악취물질 발생농도를 비교한 결과 악취물질 발생농도는 다이메틸설파이드 가장 낮게 검출되었으며 그 다음 황화수소, 암모니아, 메틸머캅탄, 다이메틸다이설파이드 순으로 검출되었다. 금후 돈사 내 악취물질 발생 및 그 원인에 대하여는 돈사 내$\cdot$외 환경 여건 변화에 따라 다양하므로 좀더 많은 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. A field survey was conducted to determine the concentration of odor compounds from pig buildings and that were 20 meters within the boundary area. The odor compounds were measured from large, medium and small farms with enclosed and open housing systems and slurry and sawdust manure fermentation treatment methods. Among the odor compounds investigated, ammonia ($NH_3$) had the highest concentration at 0.9 ${\~}$ 21.0 ppm followed by Hydrogen Sulfide($H_2S$) with a wide variation concentration of 51.9 ${\~}$ 6,712.4 pub, Uethylmercaptan($CH_3SH$) with non-detectable (N. D.) ${\~}$ 12.9 ppb, Dimethylsulphide($(CH_3)_2S$), with N. D. ${\~}$ 5.2 ppb and Dimethyldisulphide($(CH_3)_2S_2$) with N. D. ${\~}$ 2.6 ppb. Considering the prevailing wind direction and air velocity ranging from 0.23 to 0.73 m/s within the boundary area, the odorous matters; $NH_3$, $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S_2$ and $(CH_3)_2S$ were 0.2${\~}$4.5 ppm, 0.01 ${\~}$0.06 ppb, N. D. ${\~}$0.009ppb, N. D.${\~}$0.002ppb and N. D. for $(CH_3)_2S$ respectively. These findings suggested that the Odor compounds $(CH_3)_2S_2$ had the lower detection in the boundary area whilst $(CH_3)_2S$ had no detection level within a 20-meter distance only. However, with these results odor compounds from pig buildings has to be further investigated under more controlled environmental factors.

양돈장에서 유해가스${\cdot}$악취 발생 현황과 저감을 위한 관리

유용희 대한양돈협회 2004 養豚 Vol.26 No.10

고상식 돈사내에서 환기시스템별 환경조사 및 육성비육돈 사육 효과

유용희,정종원,박규현,송준익,고응규,김상우,이인복,Yoo, Y.H.,Jeong, J.W.,Park, K.H.,Song, J.I.,Ko, Y.G.,Kim, S.W.,Lee, I.B. 한국축산환경학회 2010 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 국내 여건에 적합한 돈사시설과 분뇨처리가 일체형으로 조합된 고상식 돈사에 적합한 환기시스템을 찾고자 수행하였다. 덕트입기${\rightarrow}$ 측벽배기 (처리 V1), 처마입기 (측벽천장)${\rightarrow}$측벽배기 (처리 V2), 천장입기${\rightarrow}$측벽배기 (처리 V3) 3종류의 환기시스템을 설치하였다. 시험 시기는 겨울철과, 여름철부터 가을철에 실시하였다. 환기시스템별 고상식 돈사내 온도, 공기유속, 암모니아, 황화수소, 돼지성장 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 겨울철 동안 온도는 덕트입기에서 온도가 약간 높은 경향을 보였으며, 외기온도에 영향을 받지 않았다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 최고온도는 $33.4{\sim}33.8^{\circ}C$ 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며,외기온도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 가을철 일일 연속적 온도 변화에서 처마입기가 다른 환기시스템보다 낮은 온도를 유지와 온도의 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 겨울철 동안 돈사내 공기유속은 덕트입기와 처마입기는 0.02~.21 m/s 로 비슷한 경향이었으며 천장입기는 0.04~.15 m/s 이었다. 여름철부터 가을철동안 돈사내 공기유속은 덕트입기 0.10~.41 m/sec 처마입기 0.10~83m/sec 천장입기 0.11~.26 m/sec의 공기유속을 보였다. 가을철 일일 연속적 공기유속변화에서 처마입기가 공기유속의 변화가 다른 환기시스템보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 겨울철 동안 돈사내 $NH_3$ 발생 최고 농도는 덕트입기 7.0 ppm, 마입기 3.5 ppm,천장 입기 8.7 ppm 검출 되었으며,$H_2S$는 검출되지 않았다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 돈사내 $NH_3$ 발생 최고농도는 덕트입기 6.1 ppm, 처마입기 2.8 ppm, 천장입기 5.6 ppm 검출되었다. 돼지 성장에서 환기시스템 간 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나, 겨울철 동안 일당증체량은 덕트입기와 천장입기가 처마입기보다 약 4% 높은 증체를 보였으며, 사료섭취량/증체량은 덕트입기에서 사육되는 돼지가 효율이 약 4% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여름철부터 가을철 동안 덕트입기와 천장입기에서 사육되는 돼지의 일당증체량이 처마입기에서보다 약 3% 정도 높은 경향을 보였으며, 사료섭취량/증체량은 덕트입기에서 사육되는 돼지가 효율이 약 2% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 고상식 돈사용 환기시스템으로 처마입기 (측벽천장) 측벽배기 적용은 비효율적이라 판단된다. The goal of this study was to develop a high-rise hog building(HRHB) for growing-fattening stages. HRHB was two story building and was suitable for specific environment in Korea. Manure was treated in a first floor and pigs were raised on the slatted second floor. Three ventilation systems - 1) duct inlet to wall exhaust system(V1), 2) eave inlet to wall exhaust system(V2), and 3) ceiling inlet to wall exhaust system(V3) - were used. This experiment was conducted during winter and from summer to fall. Air temperature, air speed, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide in HRHB, and swine growth rate were measured. During winter, air temperature in V1 system tended to be slightly high without any effect of outside air temperature. Maximum temperature from summer to fall was between 33.4 and $33.8^{\circ}C$ and there was no significant difference among systems. Continuously measured daily temperature was lower in V2 system than other systems and the fluctuation of air temperature was high. Air speed in V1 and V2 systems were similar (0.02~0.21 m/s), and was 0.04~0.15 m/s in V3 during winter. From summer to fall, air speed in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 0.10~0.41 m/s, 0.10~0.83 m/s, and 0.11~0.26 m/s, respectively. V2 system showed bigger fluctuation of air speed than other systems. During winter, the highest concentrations of ammonia in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 7.0, 3.5, and 8.7 ppm, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide was not detected. The highest concentrations of ammonia from summer to winter in V1, V2, and V3 systems were 6.1, 2.8, and 5.6 ppm, respectively. Swine growth showed no statistical significance among systems. However, daily weight gain was approximately 4% higher in V1 and V3 than in V2. Feed intake/daily weight gain was approximately 4% higher in V1 than other systems. From summer to fall, daily weight gain in V1 and V3 tended to approximately 3% higher than other systems, and feed intake/daily weight gain was approximately 2% higher in V1 than other systems. Hence, V2 system for the ventilation system of HRHB should not be utilized.

Maugham의 小說論

劉龍熙 서울産業大學校 1970 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

양돈장에서 발생하는 냄새의 종류와 특징

유용희 대한양돈협회 2005 養豚 Vol.27 No.2

宗敎的 側面에서 본「The Heart of the Matter」分析

劉龍熙 서울産業大學校 1985 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

The Heart of the Matter is the most traditional of Greene's novels in both content and construction. In this novel what the action serves to expose is not the habits of a society or the nature of the human heart; but going beyond all that, the absolute mystery of the individual destiny. "Why, why did he have to make such a mess of things?" This is the question raised on the last page by Scobie's wife, Louise; not 'Why did he?" but "Why did he have to?" Having made an appalling mess of things, Scobie believed himself dammed. In this essay how a man of excessive pity and responsibility ruined himself and decided that the only way out was through the unforgivable sin of suicide are dealt with.

액상사료 자동급이기를 이용한 포유자돈의 조기이유가 자돈 생산성에 미치는 영향

유용희,박홍석,정일병,박준철,한정대,이덕수,장병귀 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.4

In order to investigate the performance of an automatic liquid feeder for suckling piglets that was developed recently by NLRI(National Livestock Research Institute) in Korea and the effect of its use for weaning piglets at very early age(14days of age), a feeding trial was conducted with 60 suckling piglets. The control piglets were raised by their own sows until 21d, while others were shifted to liquid feeding at 14d, for one week, then all the piglets were fed the same mash diet until 70days of age. An automatic liquid feeder imported from USA that was used by swine farmers was used for a comparative propose. The growth rate and feed utilization, diarrhea of piglets, and the development of digestive tracts were studied. Results obtained are as follows. The 21st day body weights of piglets weaned at 14d, and fed liquid diet were significantly lower(P$lt;.05) than those of the control piglets weaned at 21d,(7.10 vs 5.85 & 5.99 ㎏/head), but they grew fast and their weights exceeded those of the control piglets at 70days of age (26.42 vs. 28.88 & 27.76 ㎏/head). Consequently, their weight gain during the period of feeding mash diet were significantly higher(P$lt;.05) than those of the control piglets(19.31 vs 23.38 & 22.37 ㎏/head). There were no remarkable differences, in feed conversion ratio(1.98 vs 2.00 & 2.03). Liquid feeding showed no difference in the incidence of piglet diarrhea from each automatic liquid feeder. However, liquid feeding showed much low jejunal villi height at the 3rd day of feeding mash diet, though they were recovered at the 7th day. There was no difference in all the performance between the automatic liquid feeder developed by NLRI in Korea and the Commercial. Based on results of this study, it can be concluded that the automatic liquid feeder developed at NLRI in Korea performed successfully and can be used for weaning of piglets at very early age (14days old). It also can be said that weaning piglets at very early age would be stimulated piglet growth afterwards.

조기이유 자돈용 액상사료 자동급이기 개발

유용희,정일병,안정대,이덕수,강희설,최희철,전병수,박홍석 한국축산환경학회 2001 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.7 No.1

조기이유 자돈용 액상사료 지동 급이기를 개발하기 위하여 물 가열 및 배출부, 가루사료 저장 및 배출부, 혼합부, 약상사료 이송부와 이들의 각 기능을 제어하는 중앙 제어부 및 급이기로 구성 하였다. 이러헥 개발한 조기이유 자돈용 액상사료 자동급이기의 실용성을 검토하기 위해 평균 19일령에 이유한 삼원교잡종(Lw$\times$D)ㅈ돈 18두(남9,여9)를 공시하여 3주 동안 액상으로 급여한 후 3주 동안 가루사료를 무제한 급여하였다. 결과는 아래와 같다. 개발한 액상사료 자동 급이기의 물 가열 및 배출부는 혼합부에 온수를 초당 27$m\ell$, 가루사료 저장 및 배출부는 가루사료를 초당 3.7g 씩 정확하게 중앙제어부의 작동에 따라 이송하였다. 일당증체량은 NRC의 표준 성장률과 비교해 액상사료를 급여한 3주 동안 자돈들이 10%정도 낮은 수준이었으나, 그후 가루사료를 급여한 3주 동안에는 24%, 시험전기간 17% 정도 높은 수준이었다. 사료요구율은 시험개시 후 3주 동안 1.09, 그 후 3주동안 2.14, 시험전기간에는 1.89 이었다. 설사 발생은 액상사료 급여후 3일부터 7일 까지 5일동안 발생하였고, 폐사 자돈은 없었다. 새로이 개발한 액상사료 자동 급이기 시작품의 성능 검정을 위한 예비적 시험으로 19일령에 이유한 자돈에게 적용해 본결과, 액상사료 자동급이기는 어떠한 문제없이 잘 작동되었으며, 자돈들의 액상사료 급여 초기 성장은 부진하였으나 차후 성장 촉진과 사료 이용율이 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 새로이 개발한 액상사료 자동 급이기를 이용한 자돈 사육이 가능할 것으로 사료 된다. This study was conducted to develope an automatic liquid feeder for early weaning piglets and to test the efficacy of the system. The liquid feeder consists of water heating and discharge unit, dry diet storing and discharge unit, mixing and discharge unit, mixed liquid feed-delivering unit, and the central control part which control each unit, feeding frequency and the amount of feeding. For investigating the possibility of practical use, a feeding trial was carried out using eighteen three way crossbred piglets weaned on 19 days of age for the experimental period of six weeks. Experimental diet was provided in liquid form using the automatic liquid feeder for the first three weeks and in dry form for the later three weeks. The water heating and discharge unit exactly supplied warm water by 27 $m\ell$/s, into the mixing unit. The dry diet storing and discharge unit supplied dry feed by 3.7g/s, into the mixing unit. Being compared with the standard growth rate suggested by NRC, average daily gain of the piglets during the first three weeks of liquid feeding was lower by 10%, while it was higher during three weeks of dry feeding and over the whole experimental period by 24 and 17%, respectively. Feed/gain was 1.09, 2.14 and 1.89 for the first 3 weeks, later 3 weeks, and whole period, respectively. Diarrhea was observed for three days from day 3 to day 7 after feeding liquid diet, but no pig died of it. In conclusion, a preliminary test for the newly developed an automatic liquid feeder using 19 days of age weaning piglets showed that the unit was successfully operated without any major problems. Piglets raised on a liquid diet through the unit developed grew less during the first three weeks, but their growth and feed intake were greatly improved thereafter, indicating the developed automatic liquid feeder may be practically used in swine industry.

조기이유 자돈 사육을 위한 이동식 자돈사 개발에 관한 연구

유용희,이덕수,정일병,이진우,전병수,한정대 한국축산시설환경학회 1998 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The objective of this study was conducted to develope a mobile pig nursery(MPN) for segregation of early weaned piglet. The units of MPN was consisted of 4 rectangle-type pens, 1 workroom, 2 doors, 3 windows, 1 air-inlet, 1 exhaust fan, and 1 cooling and heating system. Total of 40 piglet were weaned at 7 days of age. The period of the feeding test was 63 days. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The insulation thickness was 70, 70 and 50 mm of roof, floor and wall, respectively. R-value was 15.32 and 10.32 of roof and wall, respectively. 2. Exhaust fan( 30.48) was installed near back door 40cm from the bottom. When exhaust fan speeds were 15, 20, 30 and 35%, Air ventilation was required 9.75, 7.07, 1.72, 1.45 minutes of respectively. 3. Average temperature in the MPN was able to maintain 27∼28$^{\circ}C$ from 7∼28 days of age, 24∼25$^{\circ}C$ from 35∼56 days of age and 20∼21.5$^{\circ}C$ from 56∼70 days of age. 4. Average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion were 420.6g, 761.5g, 1.81 respectively.