The Need for Modernization of the Tokyo Convention(1963) on the Issue of Unruly Passengers and the Inadequacy of Korean Domestic Legal Approaches

배종인,이재운 한국항공우주정책⋅법학회 2012 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Although aviation safety and security have been improving, which has made air transportation more reliable, the international aviation community has witnessed a steady increase in the number of unruly passenger incidents. Under international law, the Tokyo Convention (The Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft of 1963) is applicable to unruly passenger issues. While the Tokyo Convention has been a successful convention which 185 member states have ratified, it has its shortcomings. Three major shortcomings are related to definition, jurisdiction, and enforcement. Firstly, the Tokyo Convention does not provide for a definition of unruly passengers, thereby resulting in a situation where conduct that may be considered to be a criminal offence in the country of embarkation may not be a criminal offence in the country where the aircraft lands. Having different definitions may lead to ineffective action on the part of air carriers. Secondly, the fact that the state of landing does not bear jurisdiction produces circumstances in which it is impossible to punish an unruly passenger who clearly committed an offence on board. Thirdly, the Tokyo Convention only recognizes the competence of the state of registry to exercise criminal jurisdiction but does not impose the duty to actually use that competence in any specific case. Along with ratifying the Tokyo Convention, Korea enacted the Aviation Navigation Safety Act in 1974 as a domestic legal approach to dealing with the problem of unruly passengers. Partially reflecting the ICAO’s model legislation, Circular 288, the Aviation Safety and Security Act was enacted in 2002. Although the Korean Aviation Safety and Security Act is a comprehensive act which has been constantly updated, there is no provision with respect to jurisdiction and only the Korean criminal code is applicable to jurisdiction. The Korean criminal code establishes its jurisdiction in connection with territoriality, nationality and registration, which is essentially the same as the jurisdictional principles of the Tokyo Convention. Thus, the domestic legal regime cannot close the jurisdictional gap either. Similarly, Korean case law would not take an active posture to jurisdiction unless the offence in question is a serious one, such as hijacking. A Special Sub‐Committee of the ICAO Legal Committee (LCSC) was established to examine the feasibility of introducing amendments to the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft of 1963 with particular reference to the issue of unruly passengers. The result of the ICAO’s findings should lead to the modernization of the Tokyo Convention, thereby reducing the number of incidents caused by unruly passengers and enabling all parties concerned to respond to unruly passengers more effectively.

「지방자치단체가 체결하는 국제 합의서의 조약법적 고찰」 토론요지

배종인 한국지방자치법학회 2006 한국지방자치법학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.13 No.-

전기유변체댐퍼의 유전자알고리즘에 의해 설계된 퍼지 제어

배종인,박명관,주동우 제어로봇시스템학회 1997 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.10

SiC를 이용한 대구경 위성용 망원경 제작

배종인,이행복,김정원,이경묵,김명훈 한국광학회 2022 한국광학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The entire process, from the raw material to the final system qualification test, has been developed to fabricate a large-diameter, lightweightreflective-telescope system for a satellite observation. The telescope with 3 anastigmatic mirrors has an aperture of 700 mm and a total mass of66 kg. We baked a silicon carbide substrate body from a carbon preform using a reaction sintering method, and tested the structural and chemical properties, surface conditions, and crystal structure of the body. We developed the polishing and coating methods considering the mechanical andchemical properties of the silicon carbide (SiC) body, and we utilized a chemical-vapor-deposition method to deposit a dense SiC thin film more than 170 μm thick on the mirror’s surface, to preserve a highly reflective surface with excellent optical performance. After we made the SiC mirrors, we measured the wave-front error for various optical fields by assembling and aligning three mirrors and support structures. We conducted major spaceenvironment tests for the components and final assembly by temperature-cycling tests and vibration-shock tests, in accordance with the qualifications for the space and launch environment. We confirmed that the final telescope achieves all of the target performance criteria.

Design of All-SiC Lightweight Secondary and Tertiary Mirrors for Use in Spaceborne Telescopes

배종인,이행복,김정원,김명훈 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.1

We report on the design of the secondary and the tertiary mirrors used in lightweight assemblies made entirely of silicon carbide (SiC). The essential design points are weight reduction within the acceptable deformation of the mirror surface by gravity release, temperature change, and vibration during or after space launch. To find a design that achieves the target requirements, we established finite element models for various candidate designs and subjected each one to wave front error analyses along gravity directions and in operation temperatures. We also calculated the natural frequencies of the candidate assemblies. Our study suggested that a triangular cell with bipod flexure support can satisfy the target weight within the requirements.

외교, 정보, 전쟁 그리고 국제법이 직면한 도전 : 우크라이나 사태를 둘러싼 유엔에서의 국제법 주장의 역할, 수렴과 확산

배종인 대한국제법학회 2022 國際法學會論叢 Vol.67 No.2

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has sent shock waves across the world, potentially undermining the faith in rules-based order. International law and the UN Charter appear to have failed to prevent the Russian Federation from using force, and the UN Security Council was paralyzed again due to the exercise of a veto by the invading State itself. Another noteworthy phenomenon has been the dominance of information war, which has marginalized the normative narratives surrounding the crisis. Yet the UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution condemning Russia's aggression against Ukraine. During the general debate leading to the resolution, a substantial majority of Member States have reaffirmed the centrality of the UN Charter and international law in regulating inter-State relations. Even Russia has attempted to justify her action on the basis of international law, which falls short of the criteria of modern jus ad bellum. The language of this UNGA resolution has exacted a heavy reputational cost on Russia, proliferated to other international organizations in addressing issues arising from the crisis, and will have an impact on future peace negotiations, accountability, and the legality of economic sanctions against Russia and arms provision to Ukraine. Another interesting development is that Ukraine has filed a suit before the International Court of Justice as part of efforts to counter disinformation. More proactive lawyering is called for to prevent and address the so-called information war and thus to bring back normative and legal perspectives at the center of discourse. 현실적으로 국제법의 가장 큰 도전은 사실관계를 둘러싼 논란, 이에 대한 법적 해석 시비, 그리고 이를 유권적으로 결정해줄 수 있는 사법제도의 부재이다. 사실관계를 둘러싸고 오정보와 조작으로 대안세계가 제시되어 진실게임이 되듯이, 법의 세계에서도 불법과 적법과의 경계가 모호해지는 현상이 가장 심각한 문제이다. 역사∙전략의 언어가 ‘자위권’, ‘자결권’, ‘집단학살’과 같은 국제법적 언어로 포장되고 ‘평화유지’나 ‘특별군사작전’으로 미화되는 것도 그러한 경계를 흐리는 작업이 될 수 있다. 2014년 크리미아 사태가 마치 회색지대처럼 현실에서 그리고 국제법에서도 그러한 혼돈이 초래되었다면, 이번 2022년 2월 러시아 침공은 과거의 학습효과와 미국의 정보전, 그리고 전면침공이라는 명백하고도 객관적인 사실이 있었고, 유엔안보리가 거부권으로 기능 부전인 상황에서, 유엔사무총장이 적시에 러시아의 일련의 행동에 대해 과감하게 법적으로 성격 규정을 하였다. 이어서 다수의 회원국이 러시아의 침공을 규탄하는 입장을 표명하였고, 이에 근거하여 유엔총회가 결의라는 중요한 언어행위를 통해 러시아의 행위를 불법 침략으로 선언할 수 있었다. 그리고 이러한 평가가 인용, 강화, 공유됨으로써 유엔 뿐만 아니라 주변 전문기구까지 확산되었다. 이와 같은 성격규정이 곧바로 법적인 결과를 담보하지는 못하지만 러시아에 대한 평판(reputation)에 중요한 타격을 입히고 '침략자'라는 정체성을 갖게 된 효과는 심대한 의미를 지닌다. 이러한 의미에서 국제법의 위기가 아닌 국제법 인식의 강화로 승화시킬 수 있는 여지가 있으며, 그 연장선상에서 이번 유엔에서의 일련의 과정과 총회 결의는 대러시아 경제제재의 적법성, 공동교전국 판단 기준 및 앞으로 평화협정 체결 및 책임추궁(accountability) 과정에서도 의미를 가질 것이다.

전기유변유체의 빙햄특성과 밸브 및 댐퍼에의 응용

배종인 한국유변학회 1998 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.10 No.1

전기장이 인가되고 있는 유로를 유동하는 전기유변유체의 기본성질을 파악하기 위 한 실험 및 해석적 연구를 수행하여 빙햄유체로서의 유효성에 대해 알아보고 전기장과 유로 면 형상 및 진동유동으로 인한 영향에 대해 조사함으로써 ER밸브 및 ER대퍼로의 응용과 관련한 감쇄력 제어에 대해 검토하였다. 첫 번째 실험은 ER밸브의 높이가 2mm인 적극면이 평탄한것과 요철로 된 것을 사용하여 압력손실을 압력변환기로 측정함으로써 전기장 및 유 로형상에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. 압력손실 및 전단응력이 전기자세기와 함수관계를 가짐 을 알수 있었고 전기장세기와 유속의 변화시 손실계수에 의한 ER효과의 상이함이 확인되었 으며 레이놀즈수가 커지면 항복전단응력의 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 두 번째 실험은 실린더 를 정현파로 진동시켜 ER밸브에서 감쇠력제어가 가능한가를 알아보고 빙햄유체모델로 설계 된 ER댐퍼의 모델과 비교하였다. ER배르와 ER댐퍼의 수학적 모델을 시뮬레이션한 결과는 약간 벗어남이 보이기는 하나 실험결과와 일치하요 있다. 이것은 ER유체를 단순히 빙행유 체로 취급할수없으나 거시적으로는 빙햄유체로 취급할수 있음을 시사한다.

액상 실리콘 침투법으로 제작된 대구경 위성 망원경용 SiC 반사경의 결함 검사와 물성 계수 측정

배종인,김정원,이행복,김명훈 한국광학회 2022 한국광학회지 Vol.33 No.5

We have investigated reliable inspection methods for finding the defects generated during the manufacturing process of lightweight, large-aperturesatellite telescope mirrors using silicon carbide, and we have measured the basic physical properties of the mirrors. We applied the advanced ceramic material (ACM) method, a combined method using liquid-silicon penetration sintering and chemical vapor deposition for the carbon molded body,to manufacture four SiC mirrors of different sizes and shapes. We have provided the defect standards for the reflectors systematically by classifying the defects according to the size and shape of the mirrors, and have suggested effective nondestructive methods for mirror surface inspection and internal defect detection. In addition, we have analyzed the measurements of 14 physical parameters (including density, modulus of elasticity, specific heat, and heat-transfer coefficient) that are required to design the mirrors and to predict the mechanical and thermal stability of the final products. In particular, we have studied the detailed measurement methods and results for the elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and flexural strengthto improve the reliability of mechanical property tests.

우리나라 오디오産業의 現況 및 對應戰略

배종선 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 1994 最高管理者課程論文集 Vol.5 No.-

경사판 板 앵커의 引拔抵抗 特性 (Ⅲ)

裵鐘淳,權正烈,金永仁 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In a recent industry development, the area and the length of the inclined plane are have been increased. It is needed to make use of mountain and inclination area as the site of structures because the use rate of these areas is enlarged by the large constructions. Therefore, in this study, some model experiments were performed to check the characteristics of the uplift capacity of inclined plate anchors which were embedded in the model of sloped air - dried sandy ground. The results of the uplift experiment are as follows : 1. The failure occurring in the shallow plate anchor which was embedded in sloped ground was local shear failure. The Peak point of displacement curve increased as the embedment ratio increased. 2. The ultimate uplift capacity was increased as the inclination angle and the embedment ratio of an anchor increased. It was much more influenced by the embedment ratio than by the inclination angle. 3. It was showed that the increasing ratio (K) of the ultimate uplift capacity was about 0.11 according to the inclination angle and embedment ratio of an anchor. 4. It was showed that the increasing ratio of the ultimate uplift capacity was changed linearly according to the inclination angle and embedment ratio of an anchor. 5. It was showed that the ultimate uplift capacity of an anchor was much more influenced the small of embedment ratio more than large one.