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초기 라디오와 근대적 일상: 한 농촌지역에서의 민속지학적 연구
마동훈 사단법인 언론과 사회 2004 언론과 사회 Vol.12 No.1
이 논문은 우리 사회의 농촌지역에서의 초기 라디오를 매개로 한 근대성의 체험의 국면들을 서술하는 목적으로 씌어졌다. 농촌지역인 전라북도 김제시 광활면 화양마을의 초기 라디오 경험자의 구술사의 채록과 현지 방문조사연구의 결과를 바탕으로 ‘테크놀로지’로서의 초기 라디오 시대와 ‘사회적 매체’로서의 초기 라디오의 시대를 구분하여 논의를 전개하고 있다. 1930년대~1940년대의 초기 라디오는 농촌마을에서 하나의 사회적 매체라고 하기보다는 경이적인 테크놀로지의 모습으로 존재했고, 1950년대~1960년대를 지나면서 초기 라디오는 비로소 하나의 사회적 매체로 자리매김을 하게 된다. 이 시기 화양마을의 초기 라디오는 전근대적 내부세계 바깥에 존재하는 외부의 근대성을 경험케 하는 유동화 기능을 수행하는 한편, 근대의 내재화, 즉 사사화 기능 측면에서는 다소 평가를 유보해야 하는 모습을 보인다. This work was designed to expound the early radio listeners' experience of modern life in a particular agricultural region in Korea, Kwanghwal village, between the 1930s and the 1960s. Based upon discussions on oral history and fieldwork research methods upholding ethnographic approach of this study as well as critical literature reviews on early radio and audience studies in the field o historical cultural studies, and ethnographic field research centering around some 35 informants in 19 households around Kwanghwal-Myun region was conducted for two years.<br/> Radio at Kwanghwal Myun in the 1930s and the 1940s, according to the results of this study, was not particularly yet a proper social medium, but only a scarce and novel technology through which people could imagine the shapes of highly modernized outer worlds. Radio medium during this period was no more than a window towards Japan and the western world. It was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s that radio medium at Kwangghwal-Myun has opened for itself an age of social communication medium. Radio listeners, rapidly increased due to the government's policy, began to internalize the nation-state as imagined community invented and distributed by the medium. The listeners further created a modern geographical innovation around the school, which later became a center of the village. The status of housewives in this particular area, however, were still seen largely undermined by the highly male-centered family structure even through this radio era. Radio was not yet up to the level of proper family medium, but still an individual medium.<br/> It is suggested therefore that radio medium at Kwanghwal-Myun during the period of observation has become a rather significant, though not perfect, vehicle of social mobilization and privatization that Williams(1974) once refereed. In this respect, early radio medium at Kwanghwal-Myun along with the school was utilized to bring the ideas and at times the entities of modernity, modernization and everyday life of the modern into the village. Social shaping or cultural formation of this early medium in conjunction of the contested historical project of the modern, modernity, and modernization still remains problematic in this field of media and cultural studies.