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Microbial diversity of two natural CO2-rich springs with contrasting hydrochemical features
고대근,도현권,김철환,윤성택,정혜근 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.6
Microbial communities in CO2-rich springs have adapted to environmental pressure including low pH resulting from high concentrations of CO2. Microbial community composition and hydrochemical characteristics in the CO2-rich springs are important features affected by high levels of CO2 in groundwater ecosystems, and they may be useful indicators of CO2 leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) sites where CO2 is injected into deep geological reservoirs for the mitigation of climate change. To determine how long-term CO2 leakage affects the groundwater ecosystems, we analyzed the bacterial and archaeal community composition and hydrochemical features of two different natural CO2-rich springs, Hansil (HS) and Chosukol (CS), located in south-eastern Korea which are natural analog sites for groundwater ecosystems affected by CO2 leakage from geological CO2 storage sites. Analyses of hydrochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of bacteria and archaea revealed a marked distinction between the two springs. The pH, the concentrations of bicarbonate ion (HCO3–), major cations including Ca2+ and Mg2+, and specific trace elements including Fe and Mn were higher in HS as compared to CS while no distinction in pCO2 between the two springs was observed. Microbial community composition was distinct between the two springs at the genus level. Specifically, the relative abundance of Gallionella, an iron-oxidizer, was significantly higher in HS whereas that of Albidiferax known as dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria was higher in CS than HS, reflecting the difference of iron concentration in the two springs. In our study, microbial community composition appeared to be more strongly affected by the concentration of iron than that of CO2. Our results enhance the understanding of hydrochemical features and microbial communities in natural CO2-rich springs and suggest that microbial communities may be useful indicators of CO2 leakage from CCS sites.
제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가
김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1
1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.