기원관이 청소년에게 미치는 영향

길원평,강신호 통합연구학회 2002 통합연구 Vol.15 No.1

Effects on adolescents of the point of view about origin such as the creationism and the evolutionism is examined by the poll. It is found that most adolescents accept the evolution theory and the Big Bang theory, but also accept the fact that mind is formed by the combination of soul and body. It is also found that most adolescents think their own life very worthy, and accept the existence of afterlife, miracle, and God. Therefore it can be concluded that most adolescents are not materialists at all, believing the existence of the spiritual world. It is found that the group choosing the creationism have the strong belief of afterlife, and are peaceful and serene when they consider the coming death. On the other hand, it is found that the group choosing the evolutionism have the weak belief of afterlife and are vain and sad when they consider the coming death. It is also found that the group choosing the creationism have some guilty conscience after looking at porno, but the group choosing the evolutionism have a little shamed feeling without the guilty conscience after looking at porno. From the study of the correlation between the point of view about origin and the maintenance of the religious faith, it is found that most Christians and Roman Catholics choosing the evolutionism have lost their religious faith. From this result, it can be implied that the evolutionism has the strong effect on adolescent to lost the Christian faith and the Roman Catholic faith. Therefore it can be concluded that the point of view about origin such as the creationism and the evolutionism affects a wide range of life, such as worldview, morality and religion. Consequently, it must be amended that the evolutionism without the firm scientific evidences is educated in secondary school at the important period of forming the attitude toward life.

동성애 유발요인과 기독교상담의 가능성에 대한 탐구

길원평,류혜옥 한국기독교상담심리학회 2013 한국기독교상담학회지 Vol.24 No.4

최근 동성애에 대한 논란이 전 세계적으로 일어나고 있으며 우리나라도 예외는 아니다. 동성애에 관한 사회적 찬반 논란이 거세게 일고 있는 가운데 기독교인은 어떠한 시각과 태도를 가져야 하며 기독교상담은 이에 관해 어떠한 관점을 가져야 할 것인지를 살펴보았다. 우선 동성애에 관한 유발요인을 탐구한 연구결과들을 살펴보았다. Hamer 등(1993)은 특정 유전자군과 동성애 사이에 상관관계가 있다고 발표했지만, 후속 연구에 의해 그런 유전자가 존재하지 않음이 밝혀졌다. LeVay(1991)는 두뇌 특정부위에서 남성동성애자가 여성과 비슷하다고 발표했지만 후속 연구에 의해 그렇지 않음이 밝혀졌다. Williams 등(2000)은 손가락 길이의 비를 측정하여 여성동성애자가 여성이성애자보다 태아기에 호르몬 영향을 더 받았다고 발표했는데, 손가락 길이의 비가 남성에 가까워질수록 여성동성애자가 될 확률이 조금 증가하지만 대다수 여성은 이성애자로 남아 있었다. 따라서 태아기 호르몬이 어쩔 수 없이 동성애자가 되게 할 만큼의 강력한 효과를 미치지 않음을 나타낸다. 일란성 쌍생아의 낮은 동성애 일치율은 유전자와 태아기 호르몬에 의하여 동성애가 결정되지 않음을 분명히 나타낸다. 이러한 연구들은 동성애에 대한 환경적인 요인, 즉 학습과 경험을 토대로 형성되는 것임을 알 수 있고 성경을 토대로 동성애에 대한 바른 인식 및 동성애자들의 치료를 위해 이 시대에 기독교상담에서 마땅히 수행해야 하는 사명감이다. We have examined the research results about the causing factor to homosexuality. Hamer et al.(1993) claimed to have found the correlation between homosexuality in males and a small stretch(Xq28) of the DNA, but it was contradicted by the later study which could not find any association between homosexuality and genes in Xq28. LeVay(1991) claimed that a cluster of cells(INAH3) in the brain of homosexual men was similar to woman’s, but it was contradicted by the later study. William et al. (2000) measured finger length ratios(2D/4D) where 2D and 4D are the length of the second finger and the fourth finger, and claimed that homosexual women received more effect from pre–natal hormones than heterosexual women. As 2D/4D of women approach men’s, the probability of becoming homosexual women increased, but most remained to be heterosexual women. Therefore, pre–natal hormones influenced the sexual orientation, but did not give the strong impact compelling to become homosexual. Low homosexuality concordance of identical twin manifested that homosexuality was not decided by gene and pre–natal hormone, because identical twin had the same gene and shared the same influence of pre–natal hormones in the same mother’s womb. It was shown that the natural factor to homosexuality did not give the strong effect.

Dependence of the Crossing Time on the Sequence Length in the Wright-Fisher Multiple Allele Model

길원평 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.1

This study examined the dependence of the crossing time on the sequence length in the Wright-Fisher multiple allele model by switching on an asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape with a positive asymmetry parameter from the initial state, a quasispecies in a sharply-peaked landscape. The sequence length was varied with the fixed extension parameter E, which is defined as the average Hamming distance from the optimal allele of the initial quasispecies divided by the sequence length. An approximate formula was proposed for the crossing time in a stochastic region and was found to describe the computer simulation results of the crossing time for a broad range of population sizes, measuring parameters, and asymmetry parameters in the stochastic region, whose condition could be satisfied by increasing the sequence length above a critical sequence length, even near the error threshold. The computer simulation result for the crossing time in the stochastic region was found to be an exponentially increasing function of the sequence length, whose rate was unchanged, even though the population size and the asymmetry parameter were varied with a fixed extension parameter. The maximum sequence length for a finite population, which could evolve through the fitness barrier, e.g., within 107 generations, increased by approximately six sequence elements as the population size or the asymmetry parameter was increased by a factor of a hundred when E = 0.1 and the selective advantage, s, of the reversal allele compared with the optimal allele was much less than 1.

Growth Behavior of Additional Offspring with a Beneficial Reversal Allele in the Asymmetric Sharply-peaked Landscape in the Coupled Discrete-time Mutation-selection Model

길원평 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.1

The probability of additional offspring with a beneficial reversal allele for growing to a size <i>NC</i> for a range of population sizes <i>N</i>, sequence lengths <i>L</i>, selective advantages <i>s</i>, and measuring parameters <i>C</i> was calculated for a haploid, asexual population in the coupled discrete-time mutation-selection model in an asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape with a positive selective advantage of the reversal allele over the optimal allele. The growing probability in the stochastic region was inversely proportional to the measuring parameter when C < 1/<i>Ns</i>, bent when C ≒ 1/Ns and saturated when C > 1/<i>Ns</i>. The crossing time and the time dependence of the increase in relative density of the reversal allele in the coupled discrete-time mutation-selection model was approximated using the Wright-Fisher two-allele model with the same selective advantage and corresponding effective mutation rate. The growth behavior of additional offspring with the reversal allele in the asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape in the coupled discrete-time mutation-selection model was controlled by the selective advantage of the reversal allele compared to the optimal allele and could be described by using the Wright-Fisher two-allele model, in spite of there being many other alleles with lower fitness, and in spite of there being two alleles, the optimal and reversal allele, separated by a low-fitness valley with a tunable depth and width.

Growth Probability of an Additional Zygote with a Beneficial Reversal Allele for the Overdominant Case in a Diploid, Coupled, Discrete-time, Mutation-selection Model

길원평 한국물리학회 2015 새물리 Vol.65 No.9

The growth probability of an additional zygote with a beneficial reversal allele was calculated in a diploid, coupled, discrete-time, mutation-selection model. The growth probability for various fitness parameters and dominance parameters in the stochastic region for the overdominant case was approximately inversely proportional to the measuring parameter, C, when C < 1/Ns*, was curved when C ≈ 1/Ns*, and was saturated when C > 1/Ns*, where N is the population size and s is the effective selective advantage of the reversal allele over the optimal allele. We suggested that the dynamic property in the stochastic region for the overdominant case in the diploid, coupled, discretetime, mutation-selection model could be approximated by using the haploid, coupled, discrete-time, mutation-selection model with a positive selective advantage. The saturated growth probability increased with increasing fitness parameter or increasing dominance parameter.

동성애에 대한 기독교 세계관적 고찰

길원평,민성길 기독교학문연구회 2014 신앙과 학문 Vol.19 No.1

Homosexual behavior from a Christian worldview is regarded as sin and abnormal sexual behavior, which is contrary to the structure of the human body, and God’s design for humankind. We studied and refuted various arguments that support the viewpoint that homosexual behavior is normal sexual behavior, such as the argument that one's homosexual trait is determined by genetic and natural factors, the argument that one's homosexual trait is developed without one’s own will, and the argument that the homosexual is free of responsibility because his homosexuality is developed at a very early age. We have presented the statistical data showing the close relationship between homosexual behavior and AIDS, and the rapid increase of Korean teenager AIDS patients caused by homosexual behavior. We have estimated the social expense for homosexual AIDS patients, and it was expected that the increase of AIDS patients due to the increase of homosexual behavior could seriously affect economic growth. In conclusion, the Christian viewpoint is that homosexuals should be assisted to quit homosexuality and led to the correct life, because homosexuality is curable and their life is unhappy. 동성애 행위에 대한 기독교 세계관적 입장은 동성애 행위 자체에 대해서는 분명한 죄악으로 간주하고, 하나님의 창조섭리 즉, 인체구조에 어긋난 비정상적인 성행위라고 본다. 본 논문에서 연구자는 동성애 행위를 비정상적인 성행위라고 보는 것을 반대하는 여러 주장들, 동성애 성향이 유전이며 선천적이라는 주장, 동성애 성향이 자신의 의지와 관계없이 형성된다는 주장, 동성애 성향이 어린 나이에 형성되므로 책임을 물을 수 없다는 주장 등을 고찰하고 반박하였다. 동성애 행위와 에이즈 사이의 밀접한 상관관계를 나타내는 국내외 통계자료와 동성애 행위로 에이즈에 감염되는 한국 청소년들이 급증하는 자료를 제시하였다. 에이즈에 감염된 남성 동성애집단으로 말미암는 사회적 비용도 추산하였으며, 남성 동성애집단이 증가하면 에이즈 감염자의 증가를 가져와서 경제발전에 심각한 악영향을 끼치는 것으로 예상되었다. 동성애가 치유 불가능하지 않으며 동성애자의 삶이 행복하지 않으므로 기독교 세계관적 입장은 동성애자들을 긍휼히 여기며 동성애를 끊고 바른 삶을 살 수 있도록 도와주어야 한다고 보았다.

Modified Fixation Probability in Multiple Alleles Models in the Asymmetric Sharply-Peaked Landscape

길원평 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.2

The modified fixation probability was calculated using the Wright-Fisher multiple alleles model, the logistic branching process multiple alleles model, and the Moran multiple alleles model for a haploid population of N individuals. The modified fixation probability of a beneficial reversal allele was evaluated as the ratio of the first arrival time to the final arrival time by switching on an asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape with a positive asymmetric parameter and by completing a computer simulation when an increase in the relative density of the reversal allele achieves the selection criterion. The modified fixation probability in the Wright-Fisher multiple alleles model was similar to the modified fixation probability in the logistic branching process multiple alleles model in the parameter region considered. We also found that the modified fixation probability in the Wright-Fisher multiple alleles model and the Moran multiple alleles model in the strong selection region could be described by using the theoretical formulae for the modified fixation probability obtained by using the two-allele approximation for various population sizes and a full range of asymmetric parameters, even though the two dominant alleles were separated by a long Hamming distance. The modified fixation probability in the intermediate multiple alleles model in the strong selection region was decreased and shifted from the theoretical value in the Wright-Fisher two alleles model to the theoretical value in the Moran two alleles model as the number of individuals replaced in each time step was decreased from N.

Dependence of the Crossing Time on the Sequence Length in the Continuous-time Mutation-selection Model

길원평 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.2

The dependence of the crossing time on the sequence length in the coupled and the decoupled continuous-time mutation-selection models in an asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape with a positive asymmetric parameter, r, was examined for a fixed extension parameter, E, which is defined as the average Hamming distance from the optimal allele of the initial quasispecies divided by the sequence length. Two versions of the coupled mutation-selection model, the continuous-time version and discrete-time version, were found to have the same boundary between the deterministic and the stochastic regions, which is different from the boundary between the deterministic and the stochastic regions in the decoupled continuous-time mutation-selection model. The maximum sequence length for a finite population that can evolve through the fitness barrier, e.g., within 106generations in the decoupled continuous-time mutation-selection model, increased by approximately eight sequence elements with increasing population size by a factor of a thousand when E = 0.1 and r = 0.1. The crossing time for a finite population in the decoupled model in the stochastic region was shorter than the crossing time for a finite population in the coupled model, and the maximum evolvable sequence length for a finite population in the decoupled model was longer than the maximum evolvable sequence length for a finite population in the coupled model. This suggests that a mutation allowed at any time during the life cycle might be more effective than a mutation allowed only at reproduction events when a finite population transits to a higher fitness peak through the fitness barrier in an asymmetric sharply-peaked landscape.

집단의 개체 수가 유한한 네 상태 반수체 결합 이산-시간 돌연변이-자연선택 모델에서 유리한 반전 대립유전자를 가진 추가 자손의 성장 확률

길원평 한국물리학회 2020 새물리 Vol.70 No.12

Growth probabilities of an additional offspring with a beneficial reversal allele were calculated by computer simulation for various population sizes, sequence lengths, selective advantages, and measuring parameters for a finite population in the four-state haploid coupled discrete-time mutation-selection (HCDMS) model. The mutation rates between all sequence elements were set to be equal. This study suggested that the boundary between the deterministic and the stochastic regions in the four-state HCDMS model could be determined by using the same criterion as that in the two-state HCDMS model. For various population sizes, sequence lengths, measuring parameters, and selective advantages, the growth probabilities in the stochastic region could be described using the theoretical formula for the growth probability in the Wright-Fisher two-allele model. 집단의 개체 수가 유한한 경우, 네 상태 반수체 결합 이산-시간 돌연변이-자연선택 (haploid coupled discrete-time mutation-selection, HCDMS) 모델에서 다양한 집단 크기, 서열 (sequence) 길이, 선택이익 (selective advantage), 측정 변수에 대해서 유익한 반전 대립유전자 (reversal allele) 를 가진 추가자손의 성장 확률 (growth probability) 을 컴퓨터 시늉내기로 계산하였다. 모든 서열원소 사이의돌연변이율을 같게 놓았다. 본 연구는 네 상태 HCDMS 모델에서 결정론적 영역과 확률적 영역 사이의경계를 두 상태 HCDMS 모델에서와 동일한 기준으로 정할 수 있음을 시사했다. 네 상태 HCDMS 모델에서 다양한 집단 크기, 서열 길이, 측정 변수, 선택 이익에 대해서 확률적 영역에서의 성장 확률이라이트-피셔 두-대립유전자 (Wright-Fisher two-allele) 모델의 성장 확률에 대한 이론식을 사용하여설명될 수 있었다.

Computer Simulation for the Dependence of the Crossing Time on the Sequence Length in a Diploid, Coupled, Discrete-Time, Mutation-Selection Model for a Finite Population

길원평 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.4

In a previous study, the crossing time for the overdominant case in an infinite population was found to be saturated at a long sequence length in the diploid, coupled, discrete-time, mutationselection model. The present study focused on the effect of a finite population size on the crossing time for the overdominant case. The dependence of the crossing time on the sequence length was simulated for a range of dominance parameters and selective advantages by switching on a diploid, asymmetric, bridged landscape from an initial state, a steady state in a diploid, bridged landscape. The boundary between the deterministic and the stochastic regions in the diploid, coupled, discretetime, mutation-selection model was characterized using the same formula as that in the haploid, coupled, discrete-time, mutation-selection model. The crossing time in a finite population with various population sizes, dominance parameters and selective advantages began to deviate from the crossing time for an infinite population at a critical sequence length. The crossing time for a finite population in the stochastic region was found to be an exponentially increasing function of the sequence length, whose rate was unchanged, regardless of changes in the population size, dominance parameter and selective advantage with a fixed extension parameter. Therefore, the saturation of the crossing time at a long sequence length, which was observed for the overdominant case in an infinite population, could not be realized for a finite population.