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초등학교 과학수업에서 실패에 대한 인내 수준에 따른 순환학습 수업의 효과
고한중,구이주,강석진 한국과학교육학회 2005 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2
이 연구에서는 순환학습 수업이 초등학교 5학년 학생들의 학업 성취도와 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 또한, 학생들의 실패에 대한 인내 수준을 측정하여 실패에 대한 인내 수준과 순환학습 수업 처치 사이의 적성-처치 상호작용 효과를 조사했다. 1개 초등학교의 2개 학급 56명을 학급 단위로 통제 집단과 처치 집단으로 할당했다. 사전 검사로 실패에 대한 인내 검사와 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식 검사를 실시했다 '용액의 성질과 '용액의 반응' 단원에 대해 11차시에 걸쳐 처치를 실시했다. 사후 검사로 학업 성취도 검사와 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식 검사를 실시했고, 3개월 후에 학업 성취도 파지 검사를 실시했다. 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 학업 성취도 전체 점수에서 약하게 유의미한 주효과가 나타났고, 적용 영역에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 주효과가 나타났다. 그러나 학업 성취도 파지 검사에서는 전체 점수와 적용 영역의 점수 모두에서 유의미한 주효과가 발견되었다. 과학 학습 환경에 대한 인식 검사의 참여성과 친화성 영역에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 상호작용 효과가 있었다. In this study, we investigated the effects of the learning cycle instruction on 5th graders' achievement and their perceptions toward science learning environment. We also measured the degrees of students' failure tolerance and examined the aptitude-treatment interaction between students' failure tolerance and the learning cycle instruction. Two classes (56 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. A school failure tolerance test and a test of perceptions toward science learning environment were administered as pretests. Students were taught about "properties of solution" and "reactions of solution" for 11 class periods. A researcher-made achievement test and the test of perceptions toward science learning environment were administered as posttests. An achievement retention test were also administered after 3 months. Two-way ANCOVA results indicated that a slightly significant main effect was found in the total scores of the achievement test and a statistically significant main effect was found in the scores of application subcategory of the achievement test. However, statistically significant main effects were found in both the total and the application subcategory scores of the achievement retention test. In the involvement and affiliation subcategories of the test of perceptions toward science learning environment, there were statistically significant interaction effects. Educational implications are discussed.
초등학교 과학 수업에서 팀 게임 토너먼트(TGT) 협동학습의 효과
고한중,양수경,한재영,노태희 한국초등과학교육학회 2003 초등과학교육 Vol.22 No.3
The purpose of this study was to develop a way of using Teams Games Tournaments that fits in elementary school science instruction, and to find out its effects on student's learning. Three classes (103 sixth graders) were divided into three groups; a traditional learning group, a cooperative learning group, and a teams games tournaments cooperative learning group. Students were taught about 'several kinds of gas' for nine class periods. The instructional effects upon student's achievement, science learning motivation and self-esteem toward science instruction were examined. The result of this study indicated that there was a significant interaction effect between the treatment and achievement level in the achievement test scores. The achievement test scores of the low level students were significantly higher in the teams games tournaments cooperative learning group than those in the traditional learning groups.
고한중,강석진,김철주 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.2
Rates of solvolyses of benzhydryl chloride (Ph2CHCl, 1) and benzhydryl bromide (Ph2CHBr, 2) in ethanol, methanol, and aqueous binary mixtures incorporating ethanol, methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and acetone are reported. Solvolyses were also carried out in TFE-ethanol mixtures. Application of the extended Grunwald- Winstein equation led to l value of 1.19 (1), 1.29 (2) and m value of 1.00 (1), 0.77 (2), correlation coefficient of 0.965 (1) and 0.970 (2). Sensitivities (l = 1.19 (1), 1.29 (2) and m = 1.00 (1), 0.77 (2)) were similar to those obtained for several previously studied solvolyses, in which an SN2 pathway is proposed for the solvolyses of benzhydryl halides (Ph2CHX, X = Cl or Br).
A Kinetic Study on Solvolysis of Diphenyl Thiophosphorochloridate
고한중,강석진,Dennis N. Kevill 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.2
Rates of solvolyses of diphenyl thiophosphorochloridate ((PhO)2PSCl, 1) in ethanol, methanol, and aqueous binary mixtures incorporating ethanol, methanol, acetone and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) are reported. For four representative solvents, studies were made at several temperatures and activation parameters were determined. The 30 solvents gave a reasonably precise extended Grunwald-Winstein plot, correlation coefficient (R) of 0.989. The sensitivity values (l = 1.29 and m = 0.64) of diphenyl thiophosphorochloridate ((PhO)2PSCl, 1) were similar to those obtained for diphenyl phosphorochloridate ((PhO)2POCl, 2), diphenylphosphinyl chloride (Ph2POCl, 3) and diphenylthiophosphinyl chloride (Ph2PSCl, 4). As with the previously studied of 3~4 solvolyses, an SN2 pathway is proposed for the solvolyses of diphenyl thiophosphorochloridate (1). The activation parameters, ΔH≠ (= 11.6~13.9 kcal․mol-1) and ΔS≠ (= -32.1 ~ -42.7 cal․mol-1․K-1), were determined, and they were in line with values expected for an SN2 reaction. The large kinetic solvent isotope effects (KSIE, 2.44 in MeOH/MeOD and 3.46 in H2O/D2O) are also well explained by the proposed SN2 mechanism.
Kinetic Studies of the Solvolyses of 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-Dimethylethyl Chloroformate
고한중,강석진,Dennis N. Kevill 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4
The rate constants of solvolyses of 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethylethyl chloroformate (I) in 33 solvents can be well correlated using the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, with incorporation of the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing scale, with sensitivities towards changes in the scale having values of 1.42 ± 0.09for l and 0.39 ± 0.05 for m, respectively. The activation enthalpies are ΔH≠ = 12.3 to 14.5 kcal·mol‒1 and the activation entropies are ‒28.2 to ‒35.5 cal·mol‒1·K‒1, consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism. The kinetic solvent isotope effect of 2.14 in MeOH/MeOD is in accord with a bimolecular mechanism, probably assisted by general-base catalysis.
고한중,강석진 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.5
The solvolysis rate constants of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate (Cl3CCH2OCOCl, 3) in 30 different solvents are well correlated with the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation, using the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing scale, with sensitivity values of 1.28 ± 0.06 and 0.46 ± 0.03 for l and m, respectively. The activation enthalpies (ΔH≠) are 10.1 to 12.8 kcal·mol−1 and the activation entropies (ΔS≠) are −27.8 to −36.8 cal·mol−1·K−1, which is consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism. The kinetic solvent isotope effect (kMeOH/kMeOD) of 2.39 is also in accord with SN2 mechanism probably assisted by general-base catalysis.