감염병 시대, 타인과 공동체와 함께 하는 ‘건강함’을 위한 성찰과 노력 : 박한선 · 구형찬 (2021). 『감염병 인류』. 파주: 창비

정의철(서평자) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 다문화사회연구 Vol.14 No.2

카렐 차페크의 희곡 『로봇(R.U.R.)』에 나타난 SF적 상상력과 종교

구형찬 한국문학과종교학회 2020 한국문학과종교학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2020 No.07

사회적 혐오의 조절 변인으로서 종교적 규범: 의심의 실증적 단서

구형찬,유지현,박한선 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2023 종교와 문화 Vol.- No.44

This study is aimed at investigating whether religious norms or secular norms act as a moderating variable for social prejudice from an evolutionary cognitive perspective, with the goal of gaining insights to help understand and overcome social prejudice. The research involved Korean Protestant, Buddhist, and Catholic believers, examining whether their levels of social prejudice were moderated by their religious beliefs. This study also compared prejudice levels when secular norms were activated. A nonparametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the three groups. The results indicated that neither religious nor secular norms functioned as a moderating variable for social prejudice. Specifically, the priming of these norms did not significantly moderate social prejudice across all three religions, failing to reject the null hypothesis. Furthermore, the priming effects within each group showed very low effect sizes (Cohen's d). These findings are consistent with previous research conducted on East Asian populations and align with recent studies in Korean society, which found that both religious and secular priming did not elicit prosocial behavior. Consequently, the hypothesis regarding the evolution of Western religions, based on the premise of supernatural watchers, may not exhibit a cross-cultural universality. Additionally, the cognitive and adaptive aspects of religion could have evolved separately. More refined comparative religious studies that differentiate these aspects within an evolutionary anthropological framework are needed.

인간, 신, 인공지능: 의인주의와 불안감에 대한 소고

구형찬 한신대학교 종교와문화연구소 2019 종교문화연구 Vol.- No.33

In this study, I attempt to examine certain aspects of anxiety that emerge with the discourse of the Fourth Industrial Revolution from a perspective of the Cognitive Science of Religion. Especially, I explore through some speculative thought experiments how anxiety perceived with the development of artificial intelligence technology is related to the cognitive process called "anthropomorphism." People witnessing the amazing advances in AI technology respond to the anxiety of rapid changes in the environment, sometimes through anthropomorphizing and sometimes de-anthropomorphizing AI. This study explores at what point the process of anthropomorphization or de-anthropomorphization of artificial intelligence meets and breaks with the religious imagination of personifying and de-personifying gods. It also examines the implications of this discussion of the anthropomorphic process for understanding contemporary people's anxieties about the development of science and technology. 이 글은 4차 산업혁명 담론과 함께 나타나는 불안의 특정 양상을 인지종교학적 관점에서 살펴보려는 시도이다. 여기서는 특히 인공지능 기술의 발전과 더불어 감지되는 불안이 이른바 ‘의인주의’(anthropomorphism)’라는 인지적 프로세스와 어떻게 결부되어 나타나는지를 몇 가지 사변적인 사고실험을 통해 탐구해보고자 한다. 인공지능 기술의 놀라운 발전을 목격하는 사람들은 인공지능을 때로는 의인화하고 때로는 탈의인화하면서 환경의 급격한 변화에 따른 불안감에 대응한다. 본 연구는 인공지능에 대한 의인화나 탈의인화의 움직임이 신을 의인화하고 타자화하는 종교적 상상력과 어떤 지점에서 만나고 결별하는지를 검토하고, 의인주의적 프로세스에 대한 이러한 논의가 과학기술 발전에 따른 현대인의 불안감을 이해하는 데 어떤 함의가 있는지를 살펴본다.

초자연적 상상에 대한 자연주의적 상상력

구형찬 한국종교문화연구소 2016 종교문화비평 Vol.29 No.29

인지종교학의 ‘종교’ 개념 고찰

구형찬 서울대학교 종교문제연구소 2022 종교와 문화 Vol.- No.42

The cognitive science of religion (CSR) has over 30 years of history. However, the language of CSR is still unfamiliar to contemporary scholars studying religion in Korea. This unfamiliarity must be resolved so that important advances in CSR can be carefully reviewed in the Korean academic community. This study analyzes how CSR deals with the concept of religion and its implications. First, CSR raises new research questions based on the achievements of classical religious studies. Second, it explores the evolutionary origins, cognitive mechanisms, and cultural success factors, not of religion per se, but of thoughts and behaviors considered religious, which do not contradict the lessons provided by debates on the concept of religion in classical religious studies. Third, even in naturalistic approaches to religion, where CSR belongs, there are controversies regarding the concept of religion between the cognitive byproduct model and adaptationist model. Fourth, the standard CSR model shows that several research questions in the study of religion can be empirically explored when the privileged value attributed to the concept of religion is reserved. Although CSR inherits the debates over the concept of religion from classical religious studies, it differs in its exploration of the evolutionary and cognitive factors that explain why religion is difficult to define as an autonomous system.

종교적 마음과 사회적 마음: 진화인지적 접근

구형찬 종교문화비평학회 2019 종교문화비평 Vol.35 No.35

종교에 대한 진화인지적 연구 프로그램은 20세기 종교학의 핵심어 중 하나인‘호모렐리기오수스’의 함의를 재정립한다. 즉, 종교성은 하나의 독자적인 인간 본성이 아니라, 진화의 산물이거나 부산물이며 진화된 심리기제와 인지적 제약을 토대로 발현된다. 인지종교학으로 대표되는 진화인지적 접근은 어느덧 30년 가까이나름의 역사를 축적해왔으며, 당연히 그동안 연구 질문이 변하고 핵심적인 이론과방법 및 연구 풍토에도 변화가 나타났다. 주목할 만한 변화로서, 과거에 비해 경험연구와 실험 기반 연구의 중요성이 강조되고, 진화와 관련한 이론적 쟁점들이 부각되면서, 종교학을 넘어서 더욱 다양한 분야의 학자들과 학술적 아젠다를 공유하는 양상이 보인다. 이 논문은 종교에 대한 진화인지적 접근의 최신 연구 흐름을 면밀하게 살펴보고, 적응주의-부산물이론 논쟁의 함의를 바탕으로 하여 종교적 마음과 사회적 마음의 진화에 대한 더 심화된 연구를 촉구한다. Evolutionary-cognitive research programmes on religion have been reached to the point of redefinition of the term, homo religiosus, which is one of the crucial words in the field of the study of religions in the twentieth century: “religiosity” is not a sui generis human nature, but a product or by-product of the evolution processes, and is expressed on the basis of evolved psychological mechanisms and cognitive constraints. The evolutionary-cognitive approach, mainly represented by the cognitive science of religion, has accumulated the various achievements during last 30 years of its own history. Its research questions, core theories, methodologies and eventually the research trends have been changed accordingly. The noticeable changes in this area consist of the following three factors: the significance of empirical study and experiment-based research are emphasized; the theoretical issues on the topic of “evolution” are also highlighted; the research agendas on this perspective are shared by various scholars of diverse fields, not limited only in religious studies. This article scrutinizes the recent research trends in the evolutionary and cognitive approaches to religion and calls for further researches into the evolution of religious minds and social minds, based on the implications of adaptationist–byproduct debates.

주제서평 : "우리는 대안을 모색한다"; 지젝 읽기와 종교학

구형찬 한국종교문화연구소 2012 종교문화비평 Vol.21 No.21

AZ91D, AM60B Mg 합금의 반용융 성형가공을 위한 조직제어에 관한 연구

구형찬,김세광,김영직 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1996 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.34 No.6

The objective of this work was to obtain a slurry with thixotropic behavior by semi-liquid method for the application of magnesium as a light material in automobile industry. This work has been studied as a basic step for establishing a new forming process-semi-liquid forming. Magnesium alloys were prepared by a grain refining method-controlled solidification, and then heated to obtain a desired microstructure. Processing variables included the initial grain size, temperature, and holding time. Variations in intergranular and grain boundary liquid fraction were measured as functions of material temperature and holding time. With increasing the holding time, intergranular liquid fraction decreased, whereas grain boundary liquid fraction increased. The process towards spheroidisation of the solid phase was observed and the morphological changes of the slurry were expected to be calculated by LSW (Lifshitz, Slyosov, Wagner)theory.

인지종교학의 관점에서 보는 포스트 코로나 시대의 한국종교

구형찬 한국종교학회 2022 宗敎硏究 Vol.82 No.1

This study brings a new perspective on the foreseeable future of Korean religious culture by examining Korean society after the Covid-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, religious groups in South Korea have made different decisions between halting and encouraging “face-to-face religious activities.” Depending on their decisions, each religious organization can be evaluated differently in the social aspects. This study suggests three aspects to understanding post-pandemic Korean religions with the cognitive science of religion. First, infectious disease is not new in human history but the repeated conditions of human life. In the history of Evolution, the pathogen threat was a significant factor that greatly affected the fitness of individuals in survival and reproduction. Second, the behavioral immune system (BIS), which has evolved as a pathogen avoidance strategy, substantially influences human cognitive bias and cultural diversity. Many characteristics of religion and culture, including ritualized behaviors, are closely related to BIS; therefore, are subjected to be changed according to current conditions and aftermath of the pandemics. Third, religious rituals can function as costly signals and Credibility Enhancing Displays (CREDs) by activating cognitive biases in group perception. In particular, whether or not each religious communities encourage in-person rituals during the pandemics may affect the reputation and reliability of religious organizations. 본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹을 겪어온 한국 사회 종교문화의 일면을 살펴보면서 가까운 미래에 대한 전망을 시도한다. 감염병 상황에서 한국의 종교단체들은 ‘대면 종교활동’의 유보와 강행 사이에서 서로 다른 선택을 했다. 이런 일들이 지속되거나 반복되면 각 종교단체들의 사회적 평가에 변화가 일어날 수도 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 전망의 근거로 다음 세 가지 논점을 인지종교학적 관점에서 검토한다. 첫째, 인류에게 감염병은 새로운 일시적 변인이 아니라 오랫동안 반복되어 온 삶의 기본 요건이다. 진화사에서 병원체의 위협은 인류의 생존과 번식 적합도에 큰 영향을 미친 중대한 선택압이었다. 둘째, 병원체 회피 전략으로 진화한 행동면역체계는 인간의 심리적 편향과 문화적 다양성에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 의례화 행동을 비롯한 종교와 문화의 많은 특징이 이와 관련되어 있으며, 팬데믹의 현황과 여파에 따라 변화될 수 있다. 셋째, 종교적 의례는 집단지각과 관련한 인지적 편향을 활성화함으로써 값비싼 신호와 신뢰도증진표시로 기능한다. 특히 감염병 상황에서 종교 의례의 유보나 강행은 종교단체의 사회적 평판과 신뢰도에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.