신생아 호홉곤란증후군에서 Surfactant 투여군과 대조군의 임상적 비교관찰

오연균 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1995 圓光醫科學 Vol.11 No.2

We performed a randomized clinical trial comparing intratracheal administration of surfactant with assisted ventilatiory treatment with mechanical ventilation alone for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Twenty two premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome were randomly assigned to surfactant-treated or control group. Thirteen infants (mean gestational age: 29.3±1.8weeks, mean birth weight: l,424±227.3gm) were given surfactant-TA. and nine infants received intermittent mandatory ventilation only. The results were as follows: 1) We investigated the severity of respiratory distress syndrome by grading .which were severe, intermediate and minimal, at each point. Intermediate and severe categories were more rapidly changed to minimal in the surfactant-treated group than the control. Especially, those were improved at the 24 hours after surfactant administration significantly(46.2 vs 0%) (p<0.05). 2) Within 6 to 96hours of replacement of surfactant, there were significantly improved oxygenation with decreased FiO2 and increased a/APO2 and diminished the need for respiratory support with decreased Ⅵ index and mean airway pressure in the surfactant-treated group than the control(p<0.05∼0.005). 3) A decrease in the need for respiratory support was also reflected by a shortening of the total duration in assisted ventilation(6.7 vs 11.5days), supplemental oxygen(17.5 vs 32.25days)and high supplemental oxygen over 40%(3.0 vs 4.7days) in the surfactant-treated group. 4) In the surfactant-treated group, sepsis, IVH, PDA and NEC occured more often, and pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and apnea occured less. But, the difference of these complications were not significant. 5) Infants in the surfactant-treated group had decreased mortality, but it was not significant. And, the major causes of death were pulmonary hemorrhage and sepsis in both groups, but there was no significant difference between two groups. We concluded that replacement of surfactant is effective therapy that can improve the pulmonary function with diminution the need for oxygen and respiratory support.

Surfactant–polymer flooding characteristics for heavy oil recovery with varying injection volumes of surfactant and polymer

장성범,전보현 한국자원공학회 2014 Geosystem engineering Vol.17 No.2

A laboratory surfactant–polymer flooding experiment was performed to improve the recovery of heavy oil. The surfactant phase behavior tests and a series of flooding experiments were conducted to find the best and optimal additional oil recovery condition after water flooding using a surfactant–polymer slug. Through the phase behavior tests, it was found that a combination of a 2.5 wt% surfactant solution with 1.5 wt% of salinity was the optimal for injection experiments. In the surfactant–polymer flooding, the combination of injected volume which was 0.6 pore volume (PV) of combined slugs of surfactant and polymer was varied in each test. The additional oil recovery obtained by the surfactant–polymer flooding after water flooding ranged from 13.6% to 28.6%. With the same total volume of the surfactant and polymer, the oil recovery decreased as the volume of polymer increased when the volume of polymer was lesser than the volume of surfactant; however, the oil recovery increased with increase in the volume of the polymer when the volume of the polymer was greater than or equal to the volume of the surfactant. The highest oil recovery of 28.6% was obtained by injecting 0.1 PV of surfactant and 0.5 PV of polymer.

A Frequency-Dependent Surfactant Bridge Model for the Electrorheological Behaviors of Surfactant-Activated Suspensions

김영대,이무성 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.3

In surfactant-activated electrorheological (ER) suspensions, the ER response shows linear ER behavior(t Eo2) at smal surfactant concentrations and nonlinear ER behavior (t Eon, n<2) at large surfactant concentrations. Asurfactant bridge model was proposed to explain the nonlinear ER behavior at large surfactant concentrations with someassumptions. The proposed model successfully predicted the qualitative nonlinear ER behavior of surfactant-activatedER suspensions at large surfactant concentrations. Here, the surfactant bridge model is expanded to predict the electricfield frequency dependent ER behavior of surfactant-activated ER suspensions. The developed surfactant bridge modelcan predict both the linear ER behavior at small surfactant concentrations and the nonlinear ER behavior at largesurfactant concentrations. Furthermore, this model can predict two diferent types of the electric field frequencydependent ER behaviors of surfactant-activated ER suspensions, which depend on the amount of surfactants.

음/비이온 흔합계면활성제 용액에 있어 계면활성제의 흡착에 의한 입체적 안정화가 고형오구의 세척성에 미치는 영향 (I) -고헝입자에의 계면촬성제 흡착과 직물에서의 고헝입자의 제거 -

강인숙,정선영,Kang, In-Sook,Jung, Sun-Young 한국섬유공학회 2005 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.42 No.3

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between adsorption of surfactant to $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ particles and removal of the particles from fabric in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution. The adsorption of anionic surfactant to particle increased with increasing surfactants concentration but the influence of surfactant concentration was small in the case of nonionic surfactant. The adsorption of nonionic surfactant to particle increased with decreasing ionic strength, while the influence of ionic strength on the adsorption of anionic surfactant to particle was small. The removal of $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ particle from PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in both single surfactant solutions, where it increased with decreasing ionic strength and surfactant concentration. Generally the removal of $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ particle from PET fabric increased with increasing adsorption of nonionic surfactant to the particle. Although some deviations exist, the removal of $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ particle from PET fabric in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution was related not to the adsorption of anionic surfactant to the particle but to the adsorption of nonionic surfactant.

A Pilot Study for Remediation of Groundwater by Surfactant -Enhanced Soil Flushing

박종오,이달희 한국지하수토양환경학회 2016 지하수토양환경 Vol.21 No.5

The removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from groundwater using pure water, via pump and treat, is quite ineffective due to their low solubility and hydrophobicity. Therefore, the objectives of pilot tests were to select potentially suitable surfactants that solubilize tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) present as contaminants and to evaluate the optimal range of process parameters that can increase the removal efficiency in surfactant-enhanced soil flushing (SESF). Used experimental method for surfactant selection was batch experiments. The surfactant solution parameters for SESF pilot tests were surfactant solution concentration, surfactant solution pH, and the flow rate of surfactant solution in the SESF pilot system. Based on the batch experiments for surfactant selection, DOSL (an anionic surfactant) was selected as a suitable surfactant that solubilizes PCE and TCE present as contaminants. The highest recovery (95%) of the contaminants was obtained using a DOSL surfactant in the batch experiments. The pilot test results revealed that the optimum conditions were achieved with a surfactant solution concentration of 4% (v/v), a surfactant solution pH of 7.5, and a flow rate of 30 L/min of surfactant solution (Lee and Woo, 2015). The maximum removal of contaminants (89%) was obtained when optimum conditions were simultaneously met in pilot-scale SESF operations. These results confirm the viability of SESF for treating PCE and TCE-contaminated groundwater.

A Pilot Study for Remediation of Groundwater by Surfactant -Enhanced Soil Flushing

Park, Jong Oh,Lee, Dal-Heui Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2016 지하수토양환경 Vol.21 No.5

The removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from groundwater using pure water, via pump and treat, is quite ineffective due to their low solubility and hydrophobicity. Therefore, the objectives of pilot tests were to select potentially suitable surfactants that solubilize tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) present as contaminants and to evaluate the optimal range of process parameters that can increase the removal efficiency in surfactant-enhanced soil flushing (SESF). Used experimental method for surfactant selection was batch experiments. The surfactant solution parameters for SESF pilot tests were surfactant solution concentration, surfactant solution pH, and the flow rate of surfactant solution in the SESF pilot system. Based on the batch experiments for surfactant selection, DOSL (an anionic surfactant) was selected as a suitable surfactant that solubilizes PCE and TCE present as contaminants. The highest recovery (95%) of the contaminants was obtained using a DOSL surfactant in the batch experiments. The pilot test results revealed that the optimum conditions were achieved with a surfactant solution concentration of 4% (v/v), a surfactant solution pH of 7.5, and a flow rate of 30 L/min of surfactant solution (Lee and Woo, 2015). The maximum removal of contaminants (89%) was obtained when optimum conditions were simultaneously met in pilot-scale SESF operations. These results confirm the viability of SESF for treating PCE and TCE-contaminated groundwater.

양이온성 계면활성제 거품 지속성 증진방법 연구

김홍열(Hong Yeol Kim),정승우(Seung Woo Jeong) 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.11

계면활성제 거품(foam)을 아예 형성하지 못하거나 foam 지속도가 매우 낮은 양이온성 계면활성제의 foam 지속성을 높이는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 음이온성 계면활성제를 보조제로 첨가하는 방법, 콜로이드를 혼합하는 방법, 수용성 수지인 폴리비닐알콜을 첨가하는 방법 등 다양한 시도를 평가하였다. 각 5% 양이온성 계면활성제 용액의 foam 지속도를 평가한 결과, Cationic starch (CA-ST)는 foam이 전혀 발생되지 않았지만, Methyl triethanol ammonium methyl sulfate distearyl ester (CEQ90)의 foam 지속시간은 평균 46초, Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CM29)는 평균 31초로서 매우 낮았다. 음이온성 계면활성제 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 첨가는 양이온성 계면활성제의 종류에 따라 지속도가 매우 다르게 나타났다. Cationic starch (CA-ST)의 foam 지속도는 매우 크게 증가된 반면 CEQ90와 CM29는 오히려 감소되었다. 콜로이드(SiO₂, kaolin) 혼합이 양이온성 계면활성제 foam 지속도에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과, CA-ST는 콜로이드 혼합시 foam이 전혀 발생되지 않았고, CEQ90과 CM29는 콜로이드를 주입하였을 경우 주입을 하지 않았을 때보다 지속도가 높아졌다. 수용성수지인 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)첨가가 양이온성 계면활성제 foam 지속도에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과, CA-ST는 PVA혼합에서도 foam이 전혀 발생 되지 않았지만, CEQ90과 CM29는 PVA의 농도가 높을수록 foam 지속도가 증가하였다. 양이온성 계면활성제에 음이온성 계면활성제 SDS와 콜로이드를 동시에 첨가한 결과 콜로이드보다 음이온성 계면활성제에 의해 양이온성 계면활성제 foam 지속도가 결정 되었다. 음이온성 계면활성제 SDS와 PVA를 동시에 첨가하여 평가한 결과 PVA보다 역시 음이온성 계면활성제에 의해 양이온성 계면활성제의 foam 지속도가 결정되었다. Foam을 전혀 형성하지 못했던 양이온성 계면활성제인 CA-ST는 음이온성 계면활성제 SDS 0.14%, PVA 2.5% 첨가 조건에서 foam 지속시간이 평균 8,780초로 획기적으로 증가하였고 타 양이온성 계면활성제 CEQ90 보다 약 8배 이상의 지속시간을 보여주었다. 본 연구결과 foam이 형성되지 않거나 지속시간이 매우 짧은 양이온성 계면활성제는 음이온성 계면활성제를 첨가할 경우 foam형성에 도움을 받을 수 있고 colloid 및 PVA 등의 보조를 통해 양이온성 계면활성제의 지속도를 혁신적으로 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 양이온 계면활성제의 foam 지속도는 음이온성 계면활성제의 첨가농도에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. This study tried to find a suitable method for enhancing the foam stability of cationic surfactants that normally generate less foam or no foam. Several trials were made to enhance the foam stability: addition of anionic surfactant, colloids and polymer. Cationic starch (CA-ST) did not form foam at all, while the foam stability of two other cationic surfactant also showed low levels; methyl triethanol ammonium methyl sulfate distearyl ester (CEQ90) for 46 sec. and Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CM29) for 31 seconds. Foam stability of cationic surfactants were significantly affected by addition of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Foam stability of CA-ST was significantly enhanced by addition of SDS, while those of CEQ90 and CM29 were decreased. Addition of colloids (SiO₂, kaolin) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) enhanced foam stabilities of CEQ90 and CM29. However, CA-ST did not form foam even in the presence of colloids or PVA. Effect of simultaneous addition of colloids and anionic surfactant on foam stability of cationic surfactant showed that foam stability of cationic surfactant was more influenced by addition of anionic surfactant than colloids. Effect of simultaneous addition of PVA and anionic surfactant on the foam stability of cationic surfactant also showed that presence of anionic surfactant significantly affect the foam stability of cationic surfactant. Foam stability of CA-ST was greatly increased to 8,780 seconds by addition of SDS 0.14% and PVA 2.5%. The foam stability of CA-ST was 8 times higher than CEQ 90. This study suggested that cationic surfactants not forming foam can generate foam by addition of anionic surfactant and its stability can be additionally increased by addition of colloids and PVA. The study results showed that enhancement in foam stability of cationic surfactant was prominently affected by the concentration of anionic surfactant added.

A 2-D simulation study on CO2 soluble surfactant for foam enhanced oil recovery

Yongchao Zeng,Rouhi Farajzadeh,Sibani L. Biswal,George J. Hirasaki 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-

This paper probes the transport of CO2 soluble surfactant for foaming in porous media. We numericallyinvestigate the effect of surfactant partitioning between the aqueous phase and the gaseous phase onfoam transport for subsurface applications when the surfactant is injected in the CO2 phase. A 2-Dreservoir simulation is developed to quantify the effect of surfactant partition coefficient on thedisplacement conformance and CO2 sweep efficiency. A texture-implicit local-equilibrium foam model isembedded to describe how the partitioning of surfactant between water and CO2 affects the CO2 foammobility control when surfactant is injected in the CO2 phase. We conclude that when surfactant hasapproximately equal affinity to both the CO2 and the water, the transport of surfactant is in line with thegas propagation and therefore the sweep efficiency is maximized. Too high affinity to water (smallpartition coefficient) results in surfactant retardation whereas too high affinity to CO2 (large partitioncoefficient) leads to weak foam and insufficient mobility reduction. This work sheds light upon the designof water-alternating-gas-plus-surfactant-in-gas (WAG + S) process to improve the conventional foamprocess with surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) injection mode during which significant amount ofsurfactant could possibly drain down by gravity before CO2 slugs catch up to generate foam in situ thereservoir.

식품 : Phenol성 물질이 첨가된 Corn Oil-in-Water Emulsion의 산화에 미치는 Surfactant Micelle의 영향

조영제 ( Jo Yeong Je ),김병규 ( Kim Byeong Gyu ),천성숙 ( Cheon Seong Sug ) 한국응용생명화학회 2004 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of phenol compounds from green tea leaves and surfactant micelles on lipid oxidation in corn oil-in-water emulsion (O/W). The concentration of phenol and surfactant in continuous phase of the O/W with exceed Brij 700 and phenol compounds was measured, The particle size of O/W with phenol (100 ppm) increased with increasing added exceed surfactant (0~2.0%) and the concentration of surfactant and phenols in the continuous phase higher than these of control. Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and headspace hexanal, in the O/W emulsions containing phenol compounds (100 ppm) and exceed surfactant (0~2.0%) decreased with increasing concentration of exceed surfactant. The ability of the phenol compounds and exceed surfactant to inhibit hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal producing as lipid oxidation in O/W was BHT>procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate > (+)-gallocatechin > (+)-catechin and 2% > 1% > 0% of exceed surfactant. These results indicate that phenol compounds and exceed surfactant could alter the physical location of hydroperoxide in O/W.

Sorbitan Laurate 계면활성제 합성 및 계면 특성에 관한 연구

임종주 ( Jong Choo Lim ),이슬 ( Seul Lee ),김병조 ( Byeong Jo Kim ),이종기 ( Jong Gi Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2011 공업화학 Vol.22 No.1

합성한 sorbitan laurate SP 20의 CMC 값은 약 7.216×10-4 mol/L로서 옥틸페놀 에톡실레이트 OPE 10에 비하여 약간 크지만, CMC에서의 표면장력은 26.0 mN/m로 OPE 10에 비하여 작았다. 또한 SP 20의 경우에는 OPE 10 계면활성제와 비교하며 공기와 수용액의 계면이 계면활성제 단분자에 의하여 포화되는 데 더 많은 시간이 소요되었다. SP 20 계면 활성제 수용액의 접촉각은 계면활성제 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 동일한 계면활성제 농도에서 OPE 10에 비하여 접촉각이 큼을 알 수 있었다. OPE 10과 SP 20 계면활성제 수용액의 거품 반감기는 각각 770, 1268s로서 SP 20 계면활성제가 OPE 10 계면활성제에 비하여 거품의 안정성이 크며, 이러한 결과는 표면장력 측정 결과와 일치하였다. OPE 10에 비하여 SP 20의 가용화 속도는 매우 낮으며, 이러한 결과는 foam stability, 접촉각 및 CMC 실험 결과와 일치하였다. OPE 10과 SP 20 시스템의 평형에서의 계면장력은 각각 0.659, 0.742 mN/m으로서 비슷한 값을 나타내었으나, OPE 10의 경우에는 비교적 짧은 시간 내에 계면장력이 평형에 도달하는 것에 비하여 SP 10의 경우에는 계면장력 이 평형 값에 도달하는데 약 25 min이 소요되었다. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sorbitan laurate SP 20 surfactant in this paper was near 7.216×10-4 mol/L and the surface tension at CMC was about 26.0 mN/m, which showed higher CMC and lower surface tension than those of octyl-phenol ethoxylate octylphenol ethoxylate (OPE) 10 surfactant. Dynamic surface tension measurement using a maximum bubble pressure tensiometer showed that the adsorption rate at the interface between air and surfactant solution was found to be slower with SP 20 surfactant, presumably due to a low mobility of SP 20 surfactant monomer. The contact angle of SP 20 surfactant solution was observed to decrease with an increase in surfactant concentration and showed a larger value than that of OPE 10 surfactant solution. Half-life time for foams generated with 1 wt% surfactant solution was also larger with SP 20 surfactant, which indicated higher foam stability with SP 20 surfactant. Dynamic behavior study reveals that the solubilization of n-decane oil was much lower with SP 20, which is in good agreement with experimental results of foam stability, contact angle and CMC. Dynamic interfacial tension measurement by a spinning drop tensiometer shows that interfacial tensions at equilibrium condition in both systems were almost the same but the time required to reach equilibrium was longer with SP 20.