지역간철도 노선명과 역명 영역의 다중스케일적 분석

김지영 경인교육대학교 기전문화연구소 2023 기전문화연구 Vol.44 No.2

With the announcement of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport's plan to build the 4th Railway Network Construction Plan, it is time to redefine the nature of existing railway line names and station names and consider how to enact them in the future. The line names and station names of interregional railroads are artificial names with a history of up to 100 years or more, containing the cultural symbols and order of the region, and are closely related to the spatial territory. In particular, this paper focuses on the territories of interregional line names and station names, and analyzes the line names and station names in accordance with the "Guidelines for the Management of Railway Line and Station Names" and multi-scale methods. In order to explore the scope of the "regional" scale in the term "interregional railway", I analyzed the line name, territory of the line, and actual length, and found that the line name, area, and actual length were inconsistent with each other. A large number of station names, the scale of the station name was revealed by the administrative division system. Other types of station names were analyzed using two strategies: scaling down and scaling up. The scaling down strategy is when the names of public institutions, public facilities, and universities are selected as station names, while the scaling up strategy is when natural, historical, and cultural resources that symbolize the region are selected as station names. On the other hand, the competition for station names has led to the creation of station names that combine place names at multiple scales. There are two types of place names: those that combine two administrative regions and those that combine a place name and an institutional landmark. The historicity of place names, i.e. the time scale of the "past," allows for the interpretation of station names that could not be categorized by "guideline" standards. In the process of repeatedly expanding and contracting the scale of railway lines, such as extending railway lines and building branches, abandoning lines, and straightening lines, the geographical areas of railway line names and station names shared the same fate. Therefore, it is time to consider a legislation that uses a multi-scale approach to reflect the territories of line names and station names, while also capturing their identity as place names. 국토교통부의 4차 철도망 구축 계획이 발표됨에 따라 기존 노선명과 역명의 성격을 재정립하고 향후 제정 방안을 고민해야 할 시점이다. 지역간철도의 노선명과 역명은 최대 100년 이상의 역사를 지닌 인공지명으로서 그 지역의 문화적 상징과 질서가 담겨 있으며, 공간 영역과 밀접한 관련을 갖는다. 특히 본 논문은 지역간철도 노선명과 역명이 지닌 영역에 주목하고, 노선명과 역명을 「철도노선 및 역의 명칭 관리지침」 과 다중스케일적 방법으로 분석하였다. ‘지역간철도’라는 용어에서, ‘지역’ 스케일의 범위를 탐색하기 위해노선명과 노선의 영역, 실제 길이 등을 분석한 결과 노선명과, 그 영역, 실제길이가 서로 부합하지 않은 경우가 있었다. 많은 수의 역명은 행정구역체계에 따라 역명의 스케일이 드러나고 있었다. 그 이외의 다른 유형의 역명은 스케일 하강(scaling down)과 스케일 상승(scaling up)이라는 전략으로 분석하였다. 스케일 하강 전략은 공공기관과 공공시설 및 대학이름을 역명으로선택한 경우이며, 스케일 상승은 지역의 대표 명소를 역명으로 선택한 경우이다. 한편, 역명을 둘러싼 지명의 경합이 발생하면서 여러 스케일의 지명이결합한 역명이 제정되고 있다. 이 경우는 두 개 행정구역이 결합한 경우와 지명과 기관, 명소가 결합한 경우로 나뉜다. 그리고 지명의 역사성, 즉, ‘과거’ 라는 시간의 스케일을 통해, ‘지침’의 기준으로 분류할 수 없었던 역명들을해석할 수 있었다. 철도 노선의 연장과 지선의 건설, 폐선, 직선화 등 철도 노선 스케일의 확대와 축소가 반복되는 과정에서, 철도 노선명과 역명이 갖고 있는 영역도 그 운명을 같이 하게 되었다. 이에 노선명과 역명이 갖고 있는영역을 반영할 수 있는 다중스케일적 접근 방법을 사용하는 동시에 지명으로서 정체성까지도 담을 수 있는 제정 방안을 고민해야 할 때이다.

MULTI-SCALE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE BOILING: TOWARDS THE PREDICTION OF CHF IN ROD BUNDLES

Niceno, B.,Sato, Y.,Badillo, A.,Andreani, M. Korean Nuclear Society 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.6

In this paper we describe current activities on the project Multi-Scale Modeling and Analysis of convective boiling (MSMA), conducted jointly by the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the Swiss Nuclear Utilities (Swissnuclear). The long-term aim of the MSMA project is to formulate improved closure laws for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for prediction of convective boiling and eventually of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF). As boiling is controlled by the competition of numerous phenomena at various length and time scales, a multi-scale approach is employed to tackle the problem at different scales. In the MSMA project, the scales on which we focus range from the CFD scale (macro-scale), bubble size scale (meso-scale), liquid micro-layer and triple interline scale (micro-scale), and molecular scale (nano-scale). The current focus of the project is on micro- and meso-scales modeling. The numerical framework comprises a highly efficient, parallel DNS solver, the PSI-BOIL code. The code has incorporated an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to tackle complex geometries. For simulation of meso-scales (bubbles), we use the Constrained Interpolation Profile method: Conservative Semi-Lagrangian $2^{nd}$ order (CIP-CSL2). The phase change is described either by applying conventional jump conditions at the interface, or by using the Phase Field (PF) approach. In this work, we present selected results for flows in complex geometry using the IBM, selected bubbly flow simulations using the CIP-CSL2 method and results for phase change using the PF approach. In the subsequent stage of the project, the importance of effects of nano-scale processes on the global boiling heat transfer will be evaluated. To validate the models, more experimental information will be needed in the future, so it is expected that the MSMA project will become the seed for a long-term, combined theoretical and experimental program.

글로벌 창업기업 스케일업(Scale-up) 지원 정책 분석을 통한 국내 스케일업 정책 방향에 관한 연구

홍대웅,전병훈 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.6

The second venture "boom" diffusion strategy can be confirmed to be focused only on financing investment and finance, including achieving 5 trillion won annually in new venture investments, creating 20 unicorns, activating M&As and creating dynamic recovery markets. Of course, existing studies show that the fund is a very important policy for corporate growth, but various policy support will be needed to effectively scale up. To overcome these limitations, the scale-up support policies already in operation are analyzed by introducing scale-up policies in advanced countries such as the U.S. and Britain. It also aims to analyze domestic scale-up policies to draw up implications for establishing more effective scale-up policies. Academically, we are very lacking in research on scale-up at home and abroad, and we propose suggestions through this comparative study of policy cases to contribute to the promotion of various studies related to the scalability aspects of future research topics related to scale-up. 최근 국내 창업지원 정책은 스타트업 중심에서, 스케일업 중심으로 전환기를 맞고 있다. 제2벤처 ‘붐’ 확산 전략(2019.3.6.)은 신규 벤처 투자 연 5조원 달성, 유니콘 기업 20개 창출, M&A 활성화와 역동적 회수 시장 조성을 발표하는 등 국내 스케일업 정책이 투자/금융 등 자금지원에만 집중되어 있는 것으로 확인되고 있다. 물론, 기업 성장을 위해서는 자금지원이 정책적으로 매우 중요한 것은 기존 연구를 통해 확인되고 있으나, 스케일업을 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 다양한 정책적 지원이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 본 연구는 미국, 영국 등 이미 스케일업 정책을 도입하여 운영 중인, 해외 선진국의 스케일업 지원정책을 문헌 등 자료를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 스케일업 정책을 분석하여 효과적인 스케일업 정책을 수립할 수 있도록 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 통해 국정목표인 일자리 창출과 국가경제 성장에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 스케일업 지원 정책 수립에 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. 또한, 학술적으로는 국내외 스케일업에 대한 연구가 매우 부족한 실정으로, 이번 정책사례 비교연구를 통해서 시사점을 제안하여 향후 스케일업 관련 연구주제의 확장성 측면과 관련된 다양한 연구가 활성화 되는데 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 글로벌 정책사례로는 미국은 ‘ScaleUp America Initiative’, EU는 ‘the Start-up and Scale-up Initiative’ 정책, 영국은‘Scale Up Institute’, 독일은 ‘German Accelerator’, 프랑스는 ‘프렌치 테크(La French Tech)’ 정책, 중국은 중관촌 등 스타트업의 핵심거점의 정책을 중심으로 문헌 등 자료조사를 통해 본 연구를 진행하였다.

귀납적 이분법 쓰기 평가척도 개발 및 타당도 연구

이영주(Young-Ju Lee) 한국응용언어학회 2018 응용 언어학 Vol.34 No.3

This study describes the process of development and validation of the six-point EBB(Empirically-derived, Binary-choice, Boundary-definition) writing scale in college writing classes. Development of the EBB writing scale involved 8 steps. First, chapter objectives were examined through close textbook analysis. Second, main lesson objectives were formulated. Third, based on the representative essay analysis, five criterial questions were generated and the hierarchy of them was set up. Fourth, the first draft of the EBB scale (i.e., EBB scale 1) was formulated. Fifth, the effectiveness of the EBB scale 1 was examined through additional essay analysis. Sixth, a revised scale (i.e., EBB scale 2) was completed. Seventh, the testing expert’s feedback was reflected in revising the scale. Eighth, the EBB scale 2 underwent validation using Facets analysis. MFRM using FACETS 3.80 was used to examine four areas: rating scale discrimination, rater reliability, rater variation, and scale category statistics. The EBB scale 2 statistics from FACETS analysis were all satisfactory. Findings of this study can provide practical implications for future writing teachers who will be developing the EBB writing scales in their own classroom contexts.

MULTI-SCALE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE BOILING: TOWARDS THE PREDICTION OF CHF IN ROD BUNDLES

B. NICENO,Y. SATO,A. BADILLO,M. ANDREANI 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.6

In this paper we describe current activities on the project Multi-Scale Modeling and Analysis of convective boiling (MSMA),conducted jointly by the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the Swiss Nuclear Utilities (Swissnuclear). The long-term aim ofthe MSMA project is to formulate improved closure laws for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for predictionofconvective boiling and eventually of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF). As boiling is controlled by the competitionof numerousphenomena at various length and time scales, a multi-scale approach is employed to tackle the problem at different scales. Inthe MSMA project, the scales on which we focus range from the CFD scale (macro-scale), bubble size scale (meso-scale),liquid micro-layer and triple interline scale (micro-scale), and molecular scale (nano-scale). The current focus of the projectis on micro- and meso- scales modeling. The numerical framework comprises a highly efficient, parallel DNS solver, thePSI-BOIL code. The code has incorporated an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to tackle complex geometries. For simulationof meso-scales (bubbles), we use the Constrained Interpolation Profile method: Conservative Semi-Lagrangian 2ndorder(CIP-CSL2). The phase change is described either by applying conventional jump conditions at the interface, or by using thePhase Field (PF) approach. In this work, we present selected results for flows in complex geometry using the IBM, selectedbubbly flow simulations using the CIP-CSL2 method and results for phase change using the PF approach. In the subsequentstage of the project, the importance of effects of nano-scale processes on the global boiling heat transfer will be evaluated.To validate the models, more experimental information will be needed in the future, so it is expected that the MSMA projectwill become the seed for a long-term, combined theoretical and experimental program.

MPARN: multi-scale path attention residual network for fault diagnosis of rotating machines

김형민,Park Chan Hee,Suh Chaehyun,채민석,Yoon Heonjun,Youn Byeng D. 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.2

Multi-scale convolutional neural network structures consisting of parallel convolution paths with different kernel sizes have been developed to extract features from multiple temporal scales and applied for fault diagnosis of rotating machines. However, when the extracted features are used to the same extent regardless of the temporal scale inside the network, good diagnostic performance may not be guaranteed due to the influence of the features of certain temporal scale less related to faults. Considering this issue, this paper presents a novel architecture called a multi-scale path attention residual network to further enhance the feature representational ability of a multi-scale structure. Multi-scale path attention residual network adopts a path attention module after a multi-scale dilated convolution layer, assigning different weights to features from different convolution paths. In addition, the network is composed of a stacked multi-scale attention residual block structure to continuously extract meaningful multi-scale characteristics and relationships between scales. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by examining its application to a helical gearbox vibration dataset and a permanent magnet synchronous motor current dataset. The results show that the proposed multi-scale path attention residual network can improve the feature learning ability of the multi-scale structure and achieve better fault diagnosis performance.

초등학교 중학년용 불안 검사 타당화 연구

윤형철,은혁기 한국상담학회 2014 상담학연구 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to validate the Anxiety Scale for Middle Graders at Elementary School. For this study, the anxiety scale scores were collected from 317 elementary students in grades 3~4 who attended in a elementary school located in B county, Jeollabuk-do. The total items were 112-the Anxiety Scale consisted of 71 items, school adjustment scale consisted of 36 items, and family life satisfaction scale consisted 5 items. The data was analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Results of descriptive statistics, test anxiety score was the highest in anxiety scale. On the other hand, academic anxiety score was the lowest in anxiety scale. Also, General adaptation score for the school was the highest in school adjustment scale. Adaptation score for school events was the lowest in school adjustment scale. Family life satisfaction score was generally high. The construct validity of the scale was supported by correlation between the anxiety scale and school adjustment, family life satisfaction. the anxiety scale was negatively correlated to school adjustment. These result suggested that the anxiety scale had good reliability and validity not in family life satisfaction but in school adjustment. The implication for study were discussed. 본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 중학년의 불안을 종합적으로 측정할 수 있는 초등학교 중학년용 불안 검사의 타당도를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 전북 B군 소재 초등학교 3~4학년 317명을 대상으로 초등학교 중학년용 불안검사 71문항, 학교생활적응 검사 36문항, 가정생활만족도 검사 5문항, 총 112문항의 검사를 시행한 후 SPSS12.0을 이용하여 타당도를 분석하였다. 먼저 초등학생들의 일반적인 특성을 알아보기 위해 실시한 기술통계 분석 결과를 보면 불안검사에서는 시험불안 평균 점수가 가장 높았던 반면, 학업불안 평균 점수가 가장 낮았다. 학교생활적응 검사에서는 일반적응 평균이 가장 높았던 반면, 학교행사적응 평균이 가장 낮았다. 가정생활만족도는 대체적으로 높게 나타났다. 다음으로 불안 검사의 타당도를 검증하기 위해 불안검사와 학교생활적응 검사, 가정생활만족도 검사의 상관을 구하였다. 그 결과 불안 수준이 높을수록 학교생활적응 수준이 낮은 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가정생활만족도 검사와의 상관관계는 낮게 나타났다. 이 결과들은 불안검사가 학생들의 학교생활적응과 관련하여 신뢰롭고 타당한 척도이지만 가정생활만족과는 상관이 낮은 검사임을 시사한다.

한국판 5요인 마음챙김 단축형 척도 타당화 연구

정문주 ( Moon Joo Cheong ),채은영 ( Eun Young Chae ),류영수 ( Yeoung Su Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2017 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives: To simplify the mindfulness scale and to ensure reliability and validity of the scale. Methods: To develop scale items using the original scale and to identify factor structure of the scale, exploratory factor analysis was conducted based on results of factor analysis, the short-form 5-factor mindfulness scale item was selected. Internal consistency coefficient was calculated and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify reliability of the short-form scale. Finally, to verify validity of the abbreviated scale, we conducted correlation analysis with the abbreviated scale and the mindfulness scale (FFMQ). Results: As with the original scales, scaled scales were composed of 5 factors and consisted of 15 items in total. Factor analysis revealed factor loadings were adequate and reliability and validity were secured. Conclusions: It provided that mindfulness shortening scale validation can be used more simply to measure mindfulness in the clinical scene.

Reliability and Validity of Turkish Versions of the Child, Parent and Staff Cancer Fatigue Scales

Gerceker, Gulcin Ozalp,Yilmaz, Hatice Bal Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

This study was designed to adapt the Turkish versions of scales to evaluate fatigue in children with cancer from the perspectives of the children, parents and staff. The objective of this study was to validate "Child Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (CFS-24 hours), "Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (PFS-24 hours) and "Staff Fatigue Scale-24 hours" (SFS-24 hours) for use in Turkish clinical research settings. Translation of the scales into Turkish and validity and reliability tests were performed. The validity of the translated scales was assessed with language validity and content validity. The reliability of the translated scales was assessed with internal consistency. The scales were evaluated by considering the following: calculation of the Cronbach alpha coefficient for parallel form reliability with 52 pediatric cancer patients, 86 parents and 43 nurses. The internal consistency was estimated as 0.88 for the Child Fatigue Scale-24 hours, 0.77 for the Parent Fatigue Scale-24 hours, and 0.72 for the Staff Fatigue Scale-24 hours (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$). The Turkish version of the Child Fatigue Scale -24 hours, the Parent Fatigue Scale -24 hours and the Staff Fatigue Scale -24 hours were judged reliable and valid instruments to assess fatigue in children and showed good psychometric properties. These scales should assist in understanding to what extent initiatives can minimize or eliminate fatigue. Our scales are recommended for further studies and use in pediatric oncology clinics as routine measurements and nursing initiatives should be planned accordingly.

대학생 핵심역량 진단 요인 타당화 연구: A대학교의 인재 특성 및 학생 핵심역량을 중심으로

이성하,최명숙,정진화 한국교육방법학회 2020 교육방법연구 Vol.32 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity of the core competency scale for university students focusing on the case of University A. For the study, The 131 scales were extracted from the preceding studies based on the characteristics of talent at University A and the definition of the concept of student core competencies. The 131 scales included 36 Challenge-Self-Directed Scales, 41 Ethics-Service Scales, 34 Foreign Languages-Multicultural Scales, and 20 Comprehensive Thinking Skills-Problem Solving Scales. Of these, 64 scales were selected. Then, the content validity was reviewed by 10 domestic education experts with 3 to 20 years of experience in competency-related research and education, and 8 first-year students of the A University focus group. Through this process, scales were added, modified, and deleted. And as a result, 81 scales were used in the survey. Then, for data analysis, 228 cases were used that answered all the questions sincerely. The validity of the scale structure for each competency was verified by exploratory factor analysis. The conceptual validity of the scale was verified by analysis of concentration validity and discriminant validity. The reliability of these scales was confirmed by the Cronbach alpha test. As a result, the validity of 72 scales of A University student core competencies was confirmed. The results of this study can be used as a measure to understand the competencies of A university students. In addition, it can help in the implementation of competency models of other universities and major institutions that want to develop university students competency scales. In addition, it can be provided as basic information such as subject and comparison, curriculum development, and individual competency improvement. 본 연구의 목적은 A대학교의 인재 특성 및 학생 핵심역량을 중심으로 대학생 핵심역량 진단 요인의 타당화 연구를 수행하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 A대학교의 인재 특성과 학생 핵심역량의 정의를 바탕으로 도전적 개척정신 관련 진단 요인 36개, 윤리적 봉사 정신 관련 진단 요인 41개, 국제적 문화 감각 관련 진단 요인 34개, 창의적 전문성 관련 진단 요인 20개 총 131개의 진단 요인이 문헌 고찰을 통해 추출됐다. 이 중에서 A대학교의 8가지 학생 핵심역량(도전정신, 자기주도, 감성역량, 윤리적 가치관, 외국어구사능력, 문화적 포용력, 종합적 전문지식, 문제해결능력) 관련 진단 요인 64개가 선별됐다. 선별된 64개의 진단 요인에 대한 내용타당도 검증을 위해 역량 관련 연구 및 교육 경험이 3년에서 20년 정도된 전문가 10인과 A대학교 1학년 학생 8명에게 역량별 진단 요인의 구성과 어색하거나 이해가 되지 않는 내용을 검토받았다. 이를 통해 요인은 추가, 수정, 삭제됐고 최종적으로 81개의 진단 요인이 설문 조사에 이용됐다. 설문 조사 대상은 계절 학기를 등록한 재학생이었고 설문 조사 양식은 교수학습지원시스템 설문 기능을 이용해 제작됐으며 온라인에서 조사가 이뤄졌다. 응답 자료 288건 중에 모든 문항에 성실하게 응답한 228건의 응답 자료가 진단 요인 타당성 검증에 사용됐다. 그 결과, 역량별 진단 요인 구조는 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 적절한 것으로 확인됐다. 진단 요인의 구성(개념)타당성은 추상적인 개념이나 속성을 측정 도구가 얼마나 적절하게 측정할 수 있는가를 검증하는 평균분산추출법과 개념신뢰도 분석법을 이용한 집중타당도, 평균분산추출 값과 상관계수의 값 비교법을 이용한 판별타당도 분석을 통해 검증됐다. 역량별 진단 요인의 신뢰도는 크론바흐 알파 검정으로 확인됐다. 이로써 A대학교 학생 핵심역량별 진단 요인, 즉 도전적 개척정신(도전정신 9개, 자기주도 9개), 윤리적 봉사정신(감성역량 9개, 윤리적 가치관 9개), 국제적 문화 감각(외국어구사능력 9개, 문화적 포용력 9개), 창의적 전문성(종합적 전문지식 9개, 문제해결능력 9개), 총 72개 진단 요인의 타당성이 확인됐다. 이 연구의 결과는 A대학교 학생의 역량을 파악하는 진단 요인으로 이용될 수 있으며, 대학생 역량진단 도구를 개발하고자 하는 타 대학 및 주요 기관의 역량 모델 구현과 교과 및 비교과 교육과정 개발과 개인의 역량 개선 등의 기초 정보로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.