1920~30년대 산업합리화 운동과 조선 지식인의 현실 인식

이수일(Lee Su-Il) 역사실학회 2009 역사와실학 Vol.38 No.-

New aspects of 20century are approached in various ways, but the most important thing is appearance of modern industrial society, mass society. After World War Ⅰ, modern industrial society and mass society appeared. The United States of America and the Soviet Union were two nucleuses of modern industrial society, mass society. Especially the United States that grasped hegemony of world economy after World War enjoyed Pax Americana and the secret of Pax Americana was industrial rationalization movement to establish modern industrial structure and production system. Industrial Rationalization Movement based on mass production and mass consumption was innovation of economic and rebuilding of world economy after World War appeared before the footlights. The world system of twentieth century was understood 'broken world' of old capitalism and new socialism. Americanism and Bolshevism were two blueprints for New Korea. Both were same mass society but how to make technology revolution was different. The key point was just like American capitalism strengthening of monopoly or just like the Soviet Union establishment of social ownership. In other word how to make and control social productive capacity was decisive. Industrial rationalization based technology and science consisted of two ways. The one is capitalistic industrial rationalization just like Fordism and Taylor system, the other is social industrial rationalization just like Stakhanovite movement. Korean Intellectuals' recognition of 20century was two modern state system and ideology rooted Americanism and Bolshevism, namely broken split world. They made such a ideological split in engaging national independent movement. Colonial modernity means exploitation of imperialism. Independent industrialzation never comes from it. Colonial modernity means thorough distortion of natives' life. Under the Rule of Japanese Imperialism Korean Nationalists have asserted that only capitalism could achieve industrialization and modernization. Especially 1920-30's Korean students studying in America were capitalistic apostles. They found that capitalism's progressivity came from its vast productivity just like America capitalism. The only way to guarantee national existence was only capitalistic industrialization and Korea's Americanization. To achieve capitalistic industrialization it needs to cultivate economic mind and systematize Korean economy. The accomplishment of capitalistic industrialization depends on Korean landowners and bourgeoisie' national awakening. Korean nationalists acclaimed industrial rationalization movement as capitalism's innovation, but Korean socialists severly criticized it as capital's violence and exploitation. Korean socialists strongly hoped to make a 'rational' and 'fair' industrial rationalization. They regarded socialism and the Soviet Union as 'rational' and 'fair' industrial rationalization. The success of the Soviet Union's industrialization made way for Korean socialists to achieve non-capitalistic industrialization. The way of the Soviet Union's industrialization was regarded as an new alternative modern. So they thought that Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism could be accomplished industrialization by the Stalin's way. Just like Stakhanovite Movement, the socialistic industrial rationalization movement was regarded as the only humane and rational rationalization. In the end to Korean nationalists the United States was an earthly paradise, to Korean socialists the Soviet Union was an earthly paradise. Both had antagonisitc relationship and such a hostility went off during 1945year.

Rationalization in Korea container terminal using DEA cross-efficiency and cluster analysis

Kim Sungki,Kim Chanho,Kim Sangyoul,Choi Sanggyun 한국해운물류학회 2022 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.38 No.2

Ports and container terminals today are interchanges for maritime and land transport as well as important facilities that serve as communication channels for nations, regional economies, and forelands. They also act as suppliers providing cargo handling and international logistics services at the national level. Traditionally, the port industry was less competitive than other industries. However, competition among terminals is intensifying due to recent environmental changes, and the excessive competition between Korean container terminals has produced negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to establish terminal rationalization plans to resolve excessive competition among container terminals at the national level. This study examined the direction for terminal rationalization at the national level to alleviate excessive competition among container terminals based on the theory of supply base rationalization. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency and cluster analysis were combined to provide rationalization plans based on efficiency measurement. This study is significant as it presents a strategic analytical tool to establish terminal rationalization plans at the national level and also proves its applicability. © 2022 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Korean Association of Shipping and Logistics, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). CC_BY_NC_ND_4.0

현대 국악 음고 이론의 ‘합리화’ 경향에 관한 고찰

장인종 한국국악학회 2023 한국음악연구 Vol.74 No.-

This paper examines the rationalization tendency that has appeared in modern Korean traditional music pitch-related theory since the 20th century within Max Weber's concept. First, with the tendency to emphasize intelligence and objectivity rather than emotion or subjectivity in music, an example would be a theory that explains ‘Jo’ through quantified concepts such as pitch relationships. This is in line with the rationalization and modern mentality that seeks to grasp the world as calculable. Second, there is a pitch-related theory system that is formed as a individual notes disconnected from external qualitative things, like money or bureaucrats discussed in Weber's sociology. Third is the functionalization aspect given here. While discussing modern bureaucracy, Weber viewed function-centered systemization as an advanced form of rationalization.. In music, he also understands the functional differentiation of notes as a process of rationalization. In modern Korean traditional music pitch-related theory, individual notes such as tuning notes, central notes, keynotes, and ending notes have become major topics. Lastly, like Max Weber’s “iron cage”, we can hear the tendency for pitch-related theory, which has been inductively analyzed and categorized from music practice, to influence musical behavior with its own laws. In addition, to understand this, this paper mentioned the de-rationalization trend that appears in recent studies. Examples include research on the variability of notes, its relationship with qualitative aspects outside the sound, and dynamic scale theory.

Habermas and Mouffe on the Question of Rationalization

Aidan M. Sprague-Rice 한국분석철학회 2014 철학적 분석 Vol.0 No.31

Chantalle Mouffe has made two interesting arguments against the desirability of social rationalization. The first is that the political project of supporting the development of a rationalized society produces a motivation challenge that renders the project difficult to accomplish. Social movements concerned with bringing about a more just world, then, ought not to understand their project as primarily directed toward making the world more rational. The second is that, if a fully rationalized society ever were achieved, it would be prone to violence. In this paper I use the theory of communicative action, developed by Jurgen Habermas, to rebut Mouffe’s claims. When we theorize rationality as communicative action instead of instrumental rationality, we come to see that neither the motivation challenge nor the argument from violence can stand as compelling arguments against the desirability of social rationalization.

과표현실화가 주택관련 재산세의 가구특성별 세부담 및 지역별 세수에 미치는 영향

허등용 ( Deung-yong Heo ) 한국재정학회(구 한국재정공공경제학회) 2018 재정학연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 가구특성별 재산세 추정을 통해 과표현실화가 가구특성별 세부담 및 지역별 세수에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이를 통해 정부의 보유세 인상정책에 대한 시사점을 제공한다. 본 연구에서 과표현실화 방안은 공정시장가액비율의 폐지하는 방안(시나리오1), 공시가격에 대한 실거래가반영률을 100%로 하는 방안(시나리오2), 두 가지를 동시에 적용하는 방안(시나리오3)으로 구분하며, 가구특성은 가구주 연령ㆍ가구원 수ㆍ주택유형ㆍ지역으로 구분한다. 분석자료로는 2016년도 주거실태조사와 장래가구추계를 사용한다. 본 연구의 분석은 다음과 같이 진행된다. 우선 수정된 Mankiw-Weil 모형으로 가구특성별 주거면적(주택수요) 추정 후, 여기에 전용면적당 가격을 추정하여 곱하는 방식으로 가구특성별 주택가격을 산정한다. 주택가격에 실거래가반영률과 공정시장가액비율을 곱하여 과표를 산정하고 여기에 세율을 곱하여 가구특성별 재산세액을 산정한다. 지역별 재산세 세수는 가구특성별 재산세액과 이에 대응하는 지역별 가구 수를 곱하여 합산하는 방식으로 산정한다. 마지막으로 과표현실화 전과 후에 도출된 값들을 비교하여 과표현실화가 재산세 세부담 및 세수에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 연구결과 정부의 과표현실화 정책 방향의 우선순위가 담세력이 높을수록 세부담을 높이는 것과 보다 많은 재산세 세수를 확충하는 것에 있다면 공정시장가액비율을 현실화하는 방안을 우선적으로 사용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 다만, 이 경우 상대적으로 수도권과 광역시 등 지방세 세수가 풍부한 지역에서 더 크게 세수가 증가하게 되므로 지역 간 세수 격차가 심화 될 수 있다. 반면, 우선순위가 납세자 간의 조세 불형평성 해소와 장기적인 재산세 세수증대 등에 있다면 실거래가반영률을 현실화하는 방안을 우선적으로 사용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 다만, 이 경우 상대적으로 담세력이 낮은 납세자의 세부담이 더욱 크게 증가 할 가능성이 있다. 또한, 현행 누진세율체계로 인해 정부는 더 많은 재산세 세수를 확보할 수 있으나, 납세자 간 조세 불형평성 및 지역 간 세수 격차는 심화 될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzes the effect of rationalization of housing property tax base on the tax burden by household characteristics and tax revenues by region through estimation of housing property tax and provides implications for the policy of property tax increase. This paper provides three options of the rationalization: abolishing fair market value ration(Scenario1), reflecting 100% market value on housing declared value ratio(Scenario2) and applying the two methods at the same time(Scenario3). The characteristics of the household are classified into the age of the household head, the number of household members, the type of housing and the region in this study. Korea Housing Survey and Household Projection data are used for the analysis. The process of the analysis is as follows: estimate the housing demand through the modified Mankiw-Weil model and the price per unit area by the characteristic, then calculate the housing price through multiplying the demand by the unit price corresponding to the characteristic; calculate the tax base through multiplying both housing declared value ratio and fair market value ratio by the housing price; calculate the tax amount by the characteristic through multiplying the base by corresponding tax rate to the base; calculate housing property tax revenues by region through multiplying the tax amount by the number of household in each region corresponding to the characteristic and adding them up; and finally simulate the effect of the rationalization on the housing property tax amount and revenue by comparing them before and after the rationalization. As a result of the study, it can be said that the government is better to use the Scenario1 option if it intends to increase the burden to the taxpayers who seem to have more taxable capacity and to raise more tax revenue. The regional tax revenue gap, however, can be deepen in this case because the revenue will increase more in regions where the local tax revenue is relatively rich such as capital area and metropolitan cities. On the other hand. the government is better to use the Scenario2 option if it intends to eliminate tax unfairness among taxpayers, to increase long-term tax revenue without widening the tax revenue gap between regions. However, in this case, the tax burden of taxpayers with relatively low taxable capacity may increase even more. In addition, the results show that the current progressive property tax system can secure more property tax revenue when the rationalization is implemented, but the taxpayer unfairness and regional tax revenue gap can be more deepen due to the progressive system.

Bloom in the Distracting and Rationalizing Metropolis: Appropriation of the Urban Space in James Joyce`s Ulysses Part II

( Hyowon Park ) 한국근대영미소설학회 2016 근대 영미소설 Vol.23 No.3

This paper examines the urban experience of Leopold Bloom, the urban peripatetic hero of James Joyce`s Ulysses and qualifies his experience as one of the representative modes of experience in the European metropolises at the turn of the twentieth century. Turn-of-the-century European metropolises were characterized by distractions emanating from exponentially increasing population, commodities and information. On the other hand, the same urban space was also highly rationalized. Rationalization schemes such as urban planning and census taking were executed to organize the distracting urban chaos. The Irish capital city of Dublin, the geographic setting of Joyce`s novel, was also under the influence of distraction and rationalization. Situated within this context, Joyce`s hero Bloom represents an exemplary metropolitan type who experiences and copes with the distracting and rationalizing forces of metropolitan Dublin on a very individual level. Distracted and rationalized in the urban space of the city, Bloom is occasionally fragmented and mechanized. However, he appropriates the distractions of the rationalizing urban space to create moments of meaningful experience. These meaningful moments, connected to and mixed with his cherished memories of the past, are the driving forces that enable Bloom to preserve his self-coherence.

온라인 게시판에서 익명성과 악성댓글 사이의 관계 연구

김한민(Han-Min Kim),김기문(Gimun Kim) 대한경영학회 2018 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

Hierarchical Rationalization: Sociopolitical Obstacle to Productivity Growth in South Korea

윤지환 한국학술연구원 2011 Korea Observer Vol.42 No.4

This study provides an analysis of unsatisfactory productivity performance in today’s Korea. Despite energetic policies to improve productivity in a wide range of industries, the growing productivity gap between the chaebol and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has limited the overall productivity growth of the Korean economy. This study argues that this problem has been affected by Korea’s method of economic restructuring following the financial crisis: hierarchical rationalization. The hierarchical industrial networks have enabled the chaebol to restore their financial balance by charging the costs of economic adjustment to those least able to develop on their own: SMEs and workers. Consequently, the latter have been deprived of opportunities for productivity improvement. The analysis of hierarchical rationalization implies that Korea needs to rebalance power relations within industries in order to improve productivity performance in the larger context of social development.

The Influence of CEO's Scandal on Consumers’ Product Purchase

Ji-Eun CHOI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.4

Purpose: This study aims to explore how consumers respond to the immoral actions of a CEO. More specifically, this research focuses on the moral reasoning processes used by consumers in order to maintain support for the CEO despite the immoral action. In addition, this research suggests that support for the CEO would improve product purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the hypotheses presented, an online research company was hired and online survey was conducted with adult participants. Online research company sent an email to the potential subjects asking their participation in an online survey. Subjects were able to participate in the online survey by clicking a link to the survey. When the participants clicked the link, they were instructed to read a fictitious newspaper article on a CEO’s immoral action. And then, they were asked to answer several questions online. Responses were obtained from 336 adults participants and data were analyzed using SPSS Hayes Macro for a moderation effect and AMOS for a structural equation model. Result: Moral reasoning processes were divided into moral decoupling and moral rationalization and analyzed to determine their influence on product purchase. Also in this study, we suggest the public self-consciousness of consumers as an antecedent of moral reasoning processes, and argue that consumers with high public selfconsciousness are more likely to engage in moral decoupling than moral rationalization. Conclusions: Our results showed that moral decoupling and moral rationalization improved the consumer’s perception of corporate ethicality, which increased product purchase intention. In addition, consumers with high public self-consciousness were more likely to engage in moral decoupling than in moral rationalization. In addition, this research suggested that severity of the scandal would moderate the impact of public self-consciousness on moral decoupling. However, this hypothesis was not supported statistically since most participants perceived the scandal to be a highly severe incident, that may lead to an insignificant interaction effect between severity of the scandal and public self-consciousness. This research expands the scope of available research on corporate ethics and consumer responses to negative information involving celebrities and provides practical implications for corporate crisis management.

How Do Consumers React to Scandals Involving Celebrity Endorsers and Endorsed Brands?

Ji-Eun Choi 한국유통과학회 2019 유통과학연구 Vol.17 No.8

Purpose - The use of celebrity endorsers is a strategy long-since used by companies to improve the persuasive impact of their company’s advertising. However, much like anyone else, celebrities are flawed human beings, and therefore often find themselves involved in scandals. Companies must consider the potential of scandals when using a celebrity endorser to represent their brand or product. This research focuses on the process consumers use to justify scandals involving celebrity endorsers. Specifically, this research divides the justification processes used by consumers to maintain support for celebrities involved in a scandal into moral decoupling and moral rationalization and proposes antecedents and consequences for these processes. Methodology - To verify the hypotheses suggested by this study, an online survey was conducted, and data was analyzed using a structural equation model. Result - Results showed that consumer empathy for the celebrity endorser and external attribution of the scandal presented were positively related to moral decoupling and moral rationalization. In addition, moral rationalization was positively related to consumers’ attitude towards the celebrity endorser, which also enhanced brand attitude. However, the relationship between moral decoupling and the consumer’s attitude toward the celebrity endorser was not statistically significant. Conclusion - This research serves to expand the scope of available research on the persuasiveness of celebrity endorsers and provides practical guidelines for marketers.