직무불안 지각에 따른 비정규직 직원들의 정보공유와 보복행동: 지각된 정보불공정성의 매개효과 검증

손슬옹,김하연,서우종,강대석 한국기업경영학회 2012 기업경영연구 Vol.19 No.6

Hiring contingent workers are widely conceived as an important mean of ensuring the efficient use of human resources in contemporary business milieu. Nevertheless, from a social exchange perspective, such contingent workers have little reason to engage in citizenship performance largely due to their psychological contract which is short-term and economic in nature. Rather, their transactional obligation may make them easy to engage in organizational retaliatory behaviors (ORB) without hesitation. However, the impact of the perception of job insecurity for temporary workers relatively vulnerable to job loss on their behaviors has not yet to be cleared. In this regard, this study investigates the influences of contingent workersʼ perceived job insecurity on their anticitizenship. Job insecurity is proposed to have a harmful effect on both information sharing behaviors and organizational retaliatory behaviors (ORB) and it is argued that these effects are mediated by informational injustice. Specifically, the impact of job insecurity on information sharing is hypothesized to be partially mediated by informational injustice perception, whereas the impact on ORB is hypothesized to be fully mediated. The variable of informational injustice may play an important role in explaining contingent workersʼ reactions given that such dimension of injustice which is tacit and embedded in action can be a precursor of their future employment conditions. Valid and reliable self-report evaluation measures were administered to a sample of 135 contingent workers in three discount stores in South Korea. Discount store jobs present an exemplary case to study our research questions because they manage a variety of contingent employment forms and these workers are vulnerable to structural injustice such as unequal access to important information. The findings using structural equation modeling (SEM) show that contingent workersʼ job insecurity had a positive impact on their perception of informational injustice. This highlights that contingent workersʼ perceived job insecurity is primarily related to the issue of discrimination while permanents focus on psychological contract breach in the context of job insecurity. Unexpectedly, the negative impact of job insecurity on information sharing was fully mediated by informational injustice. It means that informational injustice perception was a more proximal variable than job insecurity in the prediction of information sharing behavior. If workers were supposed to be in permanent position, job insecurity would also have direct effect on information sharing. Furthermore, informational injustice partially mediated job insecurity-ORB relationship. It should be noted, however, that the direct path from job insecurity to ORB was in the opposite direction than the indirect effect through informational injustice perception (i.e. suppressor effects). The results of the current study have useful implications, i.e., managers must pay attention to contingent workersʼ perceptions of job insecurity and informational injustice as long as temporary work arrangements are a good means to increase flexibility and avoid cost. 본 연구는 비정규직 직원들의 직무불안(job insecurity) 지각과 그들의 반시민적행동(anticitizenship)의 관계를 정보불공정성(informational injustice)을 매개변수로 설정하여 분석하고자 하였다. 비정규직 직원들의 반시민적행동은 정보공유(information sharing)의 회피와 조직에서의 보복행동(organizational retaliatory behavior: ORB)으로 구분하여 비교의 시각에서 검토된다. 이에 따라서 직무 불안의 부정적 영향은 정보 불공정성의 지각을 경유하여 그들의 정보공유 행동과 ORB에 각각 부분과 완전매개를 하는 것으로 다르게 가설화되었다. 연구에 사용된 표본은 수도권에 소재한 3개의 대형마트에 근무하는 135명의 비정규직 직원들로 부터 획득되었다. 구조방정식 모델(structural equation modeling: SEM)은 직무불안과 정보불공정성 지각이 강한 긍정적인 상관을 나타낼 뿐 아니라 두 종속변수에 대해서도 유의한 매개효과를 입증 하였다. 즉 정보 공유행동과 관련하여 비정규직 직원들의 직무불안은 정보불공정성 지각을 통한 간접효과만을 나타냈다. 반면, ORB에 대해서는 정보불공정성을 통한 직, 간접 효과 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났으며 이들 사이에서 억제효과가 발견되었다. 이러한 연구결과들은 비정규직 직원들에게 있어서도 직무불안은 중요한 이슈일 뿐만 아니라 이들이 지각하는 직무불안은 평소 정보불공정성 경험과 결부되어 독특한 양상의 부정적인 행동반응을 초래하게 됨을 시사한다

THE INFLUENCE OF FRONTLINE SERVICE EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMER INJUSTICE ON THEIR PERCEIVED PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT VIOLATION

Lin Guo,Aadron Arndt,Chuanyi Tang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction Frontline employees (FLEs) play a very important role in service delivery due to the interactive nature of the service encounter. They span the boundary between the firm and its customers and service firms rely on their FLEs to deliver their promise and create a favorable company image to customers (e.g., Bitner et al., 1990). Considerable previous research addresses how effective management practices and supportive work environments will induce positive attitudinal and behavioral responses of FLEs, which will, in turn, contribute to the positive customer perceptions of the service providers (e.g., Hartline and Ferrell 1996). In other words, the relationship quality or the exchange quality of the employee-organization interface will have a spillover effect on that of the customer-organization interface. But the question examined here is: can this spillover effect occur in an opposite way? In other words, will firms’ treatment of customers shape the employees’ relationship with their firms? With a few exceptions, limited research has paid attention to this inverse relationship. The purpose of our research is threefold: (1) to investigate whether employee perception of customer injustice can influence employees’ psychological contract violation with the firm, (2) to examine whether role conflict mediates the relationship between customer injustice and psychological contract violation, and (3) to explore the moderating impacts of customer identification on the mediation effect of role conflict. Method We conducted an experiment using a 2 (customer injustice: high vs. low) x 2 (customer identification: high vs. low) between-subjects factorial design. Two hundred participants were recruited from Amazon Mturk. Twelve responses were deemed unusable and excluded from the study, resulting in a final sample size of 188 (53.7 % female; age ranging from 18 to 65). Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the four experimental scenarios that corresponded to a combination of the two manipulated factors at either high or low level. All manipulations worked as intended. To analyze the moderating effect of customer identification via role conflict, we used the procedure of Hayes (2013) to estimate a conditional process model. We also controlled for the effects of empathy, income, and ethnicity. To test whether the indirect effect of injustice on contract violation is moderated by customer identification, an index of moderated mediation proposed by Hayes (2014) was calculated. To test whether this index is statistically significantly from zero, a 95% confidence interval was calculated for this index by bootstrapping 5,000 samples. The confidence interval of this index is .0162 to 1.1105, indicating the indirect effect is significantly moderated by identification. The results showed that the indirect effect of customer injustice via role conflict on contract violation is only significant (p< .05) when customer identification is high. In other words, when customer identification is low, the effect of injustice on contract violation is not mediated through role conflict. Research implications Our research provides empirical evidence that FLEs are sensitive to the treatment of customers by the firm. The traditional wisdom in the sales literature is that “if you treat your employees well, they will treat your customers well.” Our study complements this “trickle-down effect” in the extant literature and demonstrates a “bottom-up effect” that the firm’s unfair treatment of customers will adversely influence employees’ relationship with their firm. Our research also offers important insights into why customer injustice may lead to FLEs’ perceived psychological contract violation with the firm. Previous sales research suggests that role conflict can be influenced by an organization’s structure and culture as well as salespeople’s job characteristics (Singh 1998; Barnes et al. 2006). Our study complements these findings and identifies perceived customer injustice as a new role stressor of FLEs. In addition, our research reveals that the mediating effect of role conflict is moderated by customer identification. Customer identification increases the likelihood that customer injustice would manifest in a psychological contract violation via increased role conflict. The findings of this research also have several managerial implications. First, service and sales managers should be aware of the negative consequence of unfair customer treatment by the firm and how it may eventually jeopardize employees’ relationship with the firm. Second, managers should consult with their FLEs when implementing any new customerfacing policies to understand how these policies would impact FLEs’ other duties of serving customers. Finally, FLEs may form strong identification with their customers, which may amplify the negative consequence of customer injustice on psychological contract violation. Managers should try to counteract FLEs’ over-identification with customers by increasing organizational identification.

영화 ‘55 steps’에 나타난 정신장애인에 대한 인식론적 부정의(Epistemic injustice)

도여옥 한국장애학회 2022 한국장애학 Vol.7 No.2

This study applied Miranda Fricker’s concept of ‘Epistemic Injustice’ to the movie ‘55 steps’, which deals with the true story of a a psychiatric medical malpractice trial, in order to understand the discrimination against the mentally disabled that occurs in the psychiatric system from an epistemic point of view. As a result of the analysis, both types of epistemic injustice, testimonial injustice and hermeneutical injustice, were found. And hermeneutical marginalization due to Interruption of communication, inaccessibility, individualization and lack of resources was revealed as a factor causing hermeneutical injustice. Also, in relation to the epistemic virtue of testimony sensibility, it was possible to contrast the person who corrected the prejudice and the person who failed to correct it. According to these results, I argued for the necessity of education for the development of testimony sensibility of the public in order to realize the testimonial justice of the mentally disabled, the necessity of correcting social structural prejudice to resolve the hermeneutical marginalization of the mentally disabled, the expansion of the activities of persons with mental disorders, the expansion of Independent mental health advocacy services and applying the Soteria House model as an alternative psychiatric environment. 본 연구는 정신건강시스템에서 발생하는 정신장애인에 대한 차별을 인식론적 측면에서 파악하기 위하여 정신의료재판 실화를 다룬 영화 ‘55 steps’를 대상으로 Miranda Fricker의 ‘인식론적 부정의’ 개념을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 인식론적 부정의의 두 가지 유형인 증언적 부정의와 해석학적 부정의가 모두 나타났고, 증언적 부정의로 신뢰성 결핍으로 인한 부정의와 신뢰성 과잉으로 인한 부정의를 파악할 수 있었다. 해석학적 부정의를 가져오는 요인으로 소통 차단, 접근 불가, 개별화, 자원 부재에 따른 해석학적 주변화가 드러났다. 또한 인식론적 덕인 증언적 감수성과 관련하여 편견을 교정한 인물과 교정에 실패한 인물을 대조적으로 분석할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과에 따라 정신장애인의 증언적 정의 실현을 위하여 대중의 증언적 감수성 개발을 위한 교육의 필요성과 정신장애인의 해석학적 주변화를 해소하기 위한 사회구조적 편견 교정의 필요성, 정신장애인 당사자 활동의 확대 독립정신건강옹호서비스의 확대 실시, 그리고 대안적 정신의료환경으로 소테리아하우스(Soteria House) 모델 적용 등을 주장하였다.

정의, 부정의, 그리고 정치문화: J. Rawls와 J.N. Shklar의 이론을 중심으로

박상혁 한국윤리학회(8A3209) 2017 윤리학 Vol.6 No.2

In this paper, I try to find a right direction for a theory of social justice which is theoretically and practically adequate. To do so, I consider the relationship between justice and injustice. After the due consideration, I argue that the core of justice is the negation of justice; the knowledge of injustice precedes the knowledge of justice; the core of social justice is the negation of social injustices; the theory of social injustice precedes the theory of social justice. I also argue that whereas Rawls’ theory of justice as an ideal theory is inadequate here and now because it does not contain non-ideal theories which can deal with injustices, Shklar’s theory of (in)justice is adequate because it is firmly based upon relatively well developed theory of injustice. But I also argue that as Shklar’s and Rawls’s theories are complementary, Shklar’s theory can be a non-ideal theory that Rawls’ theory needs and Rawls’ theory can be an ideal theory that Shklar’s theory needs. Finally, I suggest that Shklar’s injustice approach can be helpful to develop an adequate theory of social justice for Korean society. 이 논문에서 필자는 사회정의론이 이론적 실천적으로 적실하기 위해서 나아갈 방향을 모색하고자 했다. 그러기 위해서 필자는 우선 정의와 부정의의 관계를 살피는데, 정의의 핵심(core)은 부정의의 부정으로 이해될 수 있고, 따라서 정의의 핵심을 알기 위해서는 부정의를 아는 것이 선행되어야 하며, 사회정의의 핵심은 사회적 부정의의 부정으로 이해될 수 있으며, 따라서 부정의론이 적실한 정의론의 개발에 선행해야한다고 논했다. 필자는 롤즈의 정의론은 이상론으로서 그 자체로는 부정의론이나 비이상론을 포함하고 있지 않기 때문에 지금 여기에서 적실치 않은데 반해, 부정의론에 근거한 슈클라의 정의론은 롤즈의 정의론보다 지금 여기에는 훨씬 더 적실하다고 평가했다. 그런데 필자는 슈클라의 정의론과 롤즈의 정의론이 양립가능할 뿐만 아니라, 롤즈의 이상적인 정의론이 슈클라의 보다 현실적인 (부)정의론에 의해서 보충된다면 롤즈 이론의 적실성을 높일 수 있고, 슈클라의 (부)정의론이 롤즈의 이상적인 정의론에 의해 보충된다면, 슈클라의 (부)정의론으로부터 보다 이상적으로 정의로운 사회로 나아가는 방향을 제시할 수 있기 때문에 상보적일 수 있다고 논했다. 마지막으로 필자는 슈클라의 정의론이 한국사회에 적실한 정의론을 산출하는 데 많은 시사점을 제공할 수 있다고 주장했다.

울음(鳴), 공감(共感), 공명(共鳴)의 레토릭 : 발화에서 담론까지의 ‘불평즉명론(不平則鳴論)’

崔恩禎 한국중국소설학회 2014 中國小說論叢 Vol.43 No.-

This study, initiated by humanities questions ‘sound like a bird’s crying’ which refers to the Chinese character ‘Ming’. In Chinese character used by East Asian countries, ‘Ming’ is considered to be ‘bird’s sound’ which came after ‘shape of bird(鳥)’ and ‘phonetic characteristics(口)’. This is very different from Western countries that consider ‘bird’s sound’ as "The or A bird is singing". Why do we(In Chinese character used by East Asian countries) consider the Chinese character ‘Ming’ as a "sound of Bird’s crying"? This research reveals the root cause of cultural recognition by studying Han Yu’s literature 《Send Meng Dogye Xu》 during the Tang Dynasty in comparison to ‘the signified’ in "Cry out against injustice". "Cry out against injustice" is a well composed work because of its internal and external subjects with its metaphorical meaning "writing literatures as an anger of scholars" together with a resonance effect made by the character ‘Ming’. The author of this study thinks that the subject could be amplified internally as well as externally among Chinese used by East Asian countries since they considered ‘Ming’ as "sound of crying". It can be assumed from the title "Experience of feeling", that it is a farewell letter written by Han Yu after he was through with his long-time friend Meng Jiao and ‘Empathy’, which means altruistic mind in psychology, is an emotional foundation of this writing. The utterance of ‘Usually, things make sounds when they lose their original stability’ plays as a major premise in this writing and it sets up "Cry against injustice" as a background which applies to science as well as the humanities. Furthermore, it completed the concept of "Cry against injustice" as "writing literatures as an anger of scholars". In addition, the meaning of "writing literatures as an anger of scholars" and "Cry against injustice" is made by an effective combination of external phonetic characteristics and an internal theory of ‘Ming’. This concept was beyond the ‘conversation’ between Han Yu and Meng Jiao and the ‘Discourse’ during the same period of time. This was why that it was accepted and transformed by the public over the ages. This study analyzed the process of transformation of the ‘Ming’, a main character of 〈Send Meng Dogye Xu〉from ‘sound’ to ‘crying’. To become established as a common recognition among one culture takes numerous different experiences that was accumulated and learned over a long period of time from past to present. The recognition of ‘Bird’s sound’ among Chinese character using countries has been firmly set based on various environments and historical backgrounds. Therefore, there should be limitations to define the context based on one literature 〈Send Meng Dogye Xu〉 and the definition is nothing but an inference. However, it can’t be overlooked that the concept of "Cry against injustice" from the text of 〈Send Meng Dogye Xu〉 has been around over the ages through a consistent process of discourse.

연구논문 : 기후불의와 신환경제국주의: 기후담론과 탄소시장의 해부를 중심으로

윤순진 ( Sun Jin Yun ) 한국환경정책학회 2008 環境政策 Vol.16 No.1

With proceeding of climate change, “climate justice and climate injustice” have appeared as a critical issue. This paper explores the responding processes of the international society to climate change and deals with climate injustice and environmental imperialism deepened in that process. Proceeding of climate change itself embraces climate injustice in that countries least responsible for the advent of climate change are most vulnerable to and least resilient against the damage resulting from climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to redress climate injustice within the limits of greenhouse gas absorption capacity of the global atmosphere. Currently, however, global responses to climate change have broadened neo-environmental imperialism and deepened climate injustice through emission growth rate-centered climate discourses, developed countries` merciful, not obligatory, aid to developing countries and insufficiency of the aid scale, operation of carbon markets with little concern about equity, and strengthening of emission regulation in international markets.

Perspectives on Social Injustice in Louis Sachar's Holes

Jong Neyo Choi 한국영미문학교육학회 2014 영미문학교육 Vol.18 No.3

This paper scrutinizes various perspectives on social injustice reflected on the past and present eras in Holes. Since Sachar's multidirectional narrative compels readers to immerse themselves in the story, readers are encouraged to explore broader themes. Re-thinking social inequalities and envisioning an equal society are themes in the story so that readers should analyze social phenomena and identify the structure of society. Examining the bigger theme of social injustice, this paper emphasizes how protagonists feel oppressed by internalized problems and institutionalized issues. Also, the paper closely examines issues of racism, social class, and gender. This paper especially studies internalized oppression because internalized oppression comes from an individual background and social status. Internalized oppression negatively influences one's self-image, and may dominate other aspects of one's life. Therefore, understanding society as well as people including oneself-is a key issue in the novel. Holes shows how protagonists may overcome harsh situations and strengthen themselves even while experiencing social injustice. This critical and meaningful awareness of social injustice can stimulate young readers to see beyond their limited view from the small world in which they live. In the process of perceiving the world, getting around the world, and understanding other people, readers will foster a broad appreciation of the society and the world.

Perspectives on Social Injustice in Louis Sachar’s Holes

최종녀 한국영미문학교육학회 2014 영미문학교육 Vol.18 No.3

This paper scrutinizes various perspectives on social injustice reflected on the past and present eras in Holes. Since Sachar’s multidirectional narrative compels readers to immerse themselves in the story, readers are encouraged to explore broader themes. Re-thinking social inequalities and envisioning an equal society are themes in the story so that readers should analyze social phenomena and identify the structure of society. Examining the bigger theme of social injustice, this paper emphasizes how protagonists feel oppressed by internalized problems and institutionalized issues. Also, the paper closely examines issues of racism, social class, and gender. This paper especially studies internalized oppression because internalized oppression comes from an individual background and social status. Internalized oppression negatively influences one’s self-image, and may dominate other aspects of one’s life. Therefore, understanding society as well as people including oneself-is a key issue in the novel. Holes shows how protagonists may overcome harsh situations and strengthen themselves even while experiencing social injustice. This critical and meaningful awareness of social injustice can stimulate young readers to see beyond their limited view from the small world in which they live. In the process of perceiving the world, getting around the world, and understanding other people, readers will foster a broad appreciation of the society and the world.

환경위험에 있어서의 불평등 해소방안: 환경정의

김홍균 대한변호사협회 2013 人權과 正義 : 大韓辯護士協會誌 Vol.- No.431

Those who are economically weak are more exposed to environmental dangers than those who are wealthy. This can be seen in the phenomenon in which dangerous facilities are disproportionately constructed near regions with less political and economic power. Poor societies are being damaged by the hazardous substances that are generated by landfills, incinerators, and nuclear waste facilities. Such regions must fight desperately against severly polluted air and water. Environmental justice has a history of at least 30 years in the case of America where its very first environmental movement took place in Warren County. Today, environmental justice is becoming a social and human rights movement as its concept is converging with ideas such as human rights and equity. In comparison, Korea’s environmental justice movement is at a very elementary stage. There has been no efforts made to examine or to break injustice. Our society should give more attention to environmental justice than just environmental regulations so as to redistribute the allocation of dangerous facilities. Unless we prepare a more direct, specific, efficient,and essential method to attain environmental justice, injustice will continue. In order to alleviate environmental injustice, we must approach it by solving the roots of the problem than to prescribe temporary solutions. Lawmaking can be a powerful tool to prevent the essential problems of environmental injustice. The legislation should firmly declare that the act of allocating dangerous facilities in poor provinces is illegal. Local communities negatively affected by wide-range environmental harm can also be rescued directly and efficiently through the same law. 경제적 약자들은 경제적으로 부유한 자들보다 환경위험에 불균형적으로 훨씬 더 많이 노출되어 있다. 위해시설, 혐오시설 내지 기피시설 등이 정치, 경제력이 약한 지역에 편중되는 현상이 이를잘 말해주고 있다. 경제적으로 취약한 지역은 주위를 둘러싼 폐기물매립장, 소각장, 폐기물처리시설, 핵폐기물처분장 등에 발생하는 유독물질로 인해 불균형적으로 피해를 입고 있다. 이러한 지역은 심하게오염된 공기나 물과 사투를 벌여야 한다. 환경정의의 역사는 미국의 경우 Warren County에서 일어난 환경정의 운동을 시초로 한다고 하더라도 약 30년의 역사가 있다. 이제 환경정의는 인권, 공평성 등의 개념과 수렴하면서 사회 운동, 인권 운동 등과 결합하고 있다. 이에 비해 우리나라의 경우 환경정의 운동은 아주 초보적인 단계라고 할 수있다. 부정의를 규명하고, 조사․분석하고 타개하기 위한 노력은 거의 없다고 할 수 있다. 이제 우리사회는 환경규제에만 관심을 갖지 않고 환경위험의 재분배를 다루는 환경정의의 문제에도 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다. 환경정의를 실현하기 위한 직접적․구체적․효과적이고, 본질적인 수단을 마련하지 아니할 경우 환경부정의는 계속해서 발생할 것이다. 환경부정의를 완화하거나 해결하기 위해서는 일시적 처방이 아니라 근원적인 치유를 하여야 한다는사고로 접근하여야 한다. 입법은 환경부정의를 예방할 수 있는 가장 강력하고 본질적인 수단이 될 수있다. 입법부는 저소득층이나 소외계층이 불균형적으로 환경위험을 부담하는, 즉 환경부정의를 초래하는 시설의 입지와 행위가 위법하다고 단호히 선언하여야 한다. 광범위한 환경위해에 의해 부정적인 영향을 받는 지역사회는 동법에 의해 직접적이고 효과적으로 구제받을 수 있을 것이다.

불평등 제시 방식이 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업태도에 미치는 영향

안경진,한인숙,김혜숙 한국사회및성격심리학회 2015 한국심리학회지 사회 및 성격 Vol.29 No.4

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of inequality frames on academic engagement of the migrated North Korean adolescents. We also examined whether the perception of injustice or identity threat mediated the effect of inequality frames on attitudes toward academic work. In Study 1 we compared the perceived importance of and motivation for study of the migrated North Korean adolescent students with that of South Korean students through a questionnaire survey. The results demonstrated that the migrated North Korean adolescents indeed perceived lower level of importance of and motivation for academic work than South Korean adolescents. The results of Study 1 also showed that as expected, motivation for study of migrated North Korean students decreased as they perceived a higher level of injustice in educational systems of Korea. On the other hand, importance of study increased as they perceived a higher level of injustice.. In Study 2 we manipulated three types of inequality framing (that is, the present academic inequality between the two groups of students was framed as South Korean students’ advantage vs. as North Korean migrant students’ disadvantage vs. no frame control) and investigated whether the academic engagement of the migrated North Korean students differed in terms of the inequality frames. The results demonstrated that as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage and the control condition, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the North Korean students perceive higher level of importance of academic work. In addition, we found the mediation effect of the perception of injustice in educational systems for this framing effect on the perception of the importance of academic work. In the case of motivation for academic work, as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the migrated North Korean adolescents tend to report higher academic motivation. However, we did not find the mediation effect of the perception of injustice nor the identity threats on motivation for academic work. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 본 연구에서는 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업중요도 지각 및 학업동기를 알아보고 불평등 제시 방식(프레이밍)이 이에 영향을 미치는 지를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 이러한 불평등 프레이밍 효과가 불공정 지각 혹은 정체성 위협에 의해 매개되는지를 검토하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 남한 청소년들과 북한이탈청소년에 대한 조사를 통해 실제로 북한이탈 청소년들이 남한 청소년들보다 낮은 학업동기 및 중요도를 보고함을 확인하였다. 또한 북한이탈 청소년들은 예상대로 교육체제의 불공정성을 높게 지각할수록 낮은 학업동기를 보였으나 다른 한편 예측과는 달리 높은 학업중요도를 지각함을 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 학업 격차의 원인에 대한 불평등 제시 방식(프레임)을 조작하여 남한유리함 프레임조건에서 북한 불리함 프레임이나 통제조건에서보다 북한이탈 청소년들의 학업중요도 지각 및 동기가 더 높은 지를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 가설과 일치하게, 현재 존재하는 학업격차가 남한 청소년들에게 유리하게 구성된 교육과정 때문으로 제시되었을 때, 북한이탈 청소년들에게 불리하게 구성된 교육과정 때문이라고 제시되었을 때 혹은 불평등이 구체적으로 제시되지 않았을 때보다(통제조건) 더 높은 학업중요도를 지각하는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 이러한 프레이밍 효과는 불공정성 지각에 의해 매개되었다는 결과가 나타났으나. 구체적 방향성은 예측과는 달리 남한유리함 조건에서 다른 조건에서보다 교육체계의 불공정성 지각이 더욱 높아졌고 그에 따라 학업중요도 지각이 더 높아졌기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 학업동기의 경우, 가설대로 남한 유리함 조건일 때 북한이탈 불리함 조건일 때보다 더 높은 학업동기를 보고하는 경향이 있었다. 그러나 이러한 효과는 불공정성 지각이나 정체성위협에 의해 매개되지 않았다. 이러한 결과들에 대한 이론적․실제적 의미를 논의하였으며 연구의 제한점 및 후속연구에 대해 제안하였다.