사이버 위협의 안보화 동향에 대한 이론적 배경과 비판적 논의

이광호,이승규,김호길 한국융합보안학회 2019 융합보안 논문지 Vol.19 No.5

In this study present the theoretical background and major trends in which cyber threats are securitization through the discourse process. In particular, this study explained based on the theory of Copenhagen school, which is critical of the security of cyber threats. And presented the security of non-traditional threats and the security of emerging security issues, which explained the process of security for cyber threats, based on existing research, and explained the limitations to this. And tried to provide a cautious point of view that the militarization phenomenon of cyber threats that is currently displayed is a phenomenon that is displayed through the combination of technical discourse and military discourse. Through this study, we aim to show the military the limits of universal solution presentation and the borderline perspective of militarization based on objective insights into the cyber threat security process. 본 연구에서는 사이버 위협이 사회적으로 담론화 과정을 통해 안보화 되는 이론적 배경과 주요 동향을 제시하 였다. 특히 사이버 위협의 안보화에 대한 비판적 논의을 코펜하겐학파의 안보화 이론을 바탕으로 설명하였다. 또 한 사이버 위협의 안보화 과정을 설명한 비전통적 위협의 안보화와 신흥안보이슈의 안보화를 기존 연구를 바탕으 로 제시하였으며 이에 대한 한계점을 설명하였다. 또한 현재 나타나고 있는 사이버 위협의 군사화 현상이 기술담 론과 군사담론의 결합을 통해 나타나는 현상임과 이에 대한 경계적 시각을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 사 이버 위협의 안보화 과정에 대한 객관적 통찰력을 바탕으로 보편적 해법 제시의 한계와 함께 군사화의 경계적 시 각을 우리군에 제시하고자 한다.

응급실 폭력 행위의 현황과 개선방안

박형곤 ( Park Hyeong-kon ) 한국융합과학회(구 한국시큐리티융합경영학회) 2020 한국융합과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 이 연구의 목적은 응급의료에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 응급상황에 처한 환자나 보호자의 여러 가지 특성으로 인해 응급실 의료진들에 대한 폭력이 갈수록 심각해지고 있는 것과 관련하여 응급실 폭력의 현황 및 문제점을 분석하였다. 연구방법: 이 연구는 응급실 폭력에 대한 현황과 사례에 대하여 문헌적 고찰을 하였다. 결론: 이 연구는 응급실에서의 의료진을 대상으로 한 효과적인 폭력 예방방안과 일반인들에 대해 다음과 같이 제언한다. 첫째, 응급실 근무자는 환자나 보호자에게 환자의 현재 상태와 응급실 내원 후 진료 과정을 충분히 설명하고 이해하도록 하고 환자의 대기시간을 최소화해야 한다. 둘째, 응급실 종사자에게 폭력의 인지 및 예방과 올바른 대처 방법에 대한 체계적인 교육이 정기적으로 시행되며, 의료현장 및 응급실에서 폭력 사태에 대한 경찰과 병원 당국의 협조체계를 구축하여 적극적인 대처를 할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 3차 병원에서의 응급실 안전요원 배치를 통한 응급실 폭력에 대한 해결 노력이 필요하다. 그러나 경비인력 부족 등으로 효과적인 대응은 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 응급실 경비전문 인력에 대한 교육과 충분한 인력을 확보할 수 있는 재정적 지원과 경찰과의 협조체계도 개선할 필요가 있다. 이는 현실적으로 응급실에서 발생할 수 있는 폭력으로부터 모두를 보호할 수 있다고 본다. Pupose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the status and problems of emergency room violence in relation to the increasing demand for emergency care and the increasing severity of violence against emergency room medical staff due to the various characteristics of patients or carers in emergency situations. Methods: This study gave a literature review of the current status and cases of violence in emergency rooms. Conclusion: The study suggests effective measures to prevent violence against the medical staff in emergency rooms and to the general public as follows. Firstly, emergency room workers should have patients or carers fully explain and understand the patient's current condition and post-emergency care processes and minimize patient wait time. Secondly, systematic education on the recognition and prevention of violence and the proper methods of coping with the violence are regularly conducted in emergency room workers, and it is necessary to establish a system of cooperation between police and hospital authorities against violence in the medical field and emergency room to take active measures. Third, efforts to address emergency room violence through the placement of emergency room safety personnel in tertiary hospitals are needed. However, no effective response is being made due to the lack of security personnel, and the government needs to improve financial support and cooperation with the police to secure sufficient manpower and education on emergency room security personnel. We believe that this can protect everyone from violence that can occur in the emergency room in reality.

메가시티의 복합안보위협과 거버넌스 구축 및 대응 전략 ―군의 역할을 중심으로―

이웅 한일군사문화학회 2021 한일군사문화연구 Vol.31 No.-

This article mainly focused on the proliferation of the mega city, which has become a major trend that prevails the world and on the security vulnerability in the urban area, which was not discussed enough in discussions about emerging theoretical discussions on non-traditional security threats(emerging security). To review this research topic, this article considered theoretical discussions on non-traditional security treats carefully. With this process, the mega cities’ essential characters and vulnerabilities, which are derived from overpopulation and complexity of various infrastructures, acts as a major variable in the security has been suggested. In details of policy development proposals are as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to strengthen the establishment of a governance response system to cope with the new and complex security threats of mega-cities to reduce the cascade of disasters and strengthen resilience. At second, in the governance response system, it is necessary to strengthen military intervention (human and material resources) in preparation for complex security threats that are direct or indirect in all domains. At third, it is necessary to establish a smart response infrastructure incorporating advanced science and technology against complex security threats in consideration of future trends. Considering the spread of megacity, the existing countermeasures against emerging security threats in urban areas are not sufficient. It is necessary to recognize the possibility that various security threats may overlap and occur simultaneously, and a governance level response system needs to be designed. 본고에서는 전 세계적으로 나타나는 주요 트렌드로서 메가시티 확산과 관련하여, 기존의 신흥안보 관련 논의에서 충분히 다루어지지 않았던 도시 지역에서의 안보적 취약성 증대 현상을 주목하였다. 그리하여 최근 부상하는 비전통적 위협과 관련된 이론적 논의를 검토하고, 상주인구의 밀집 현상과 각종 기반 체계의 복잡성 등으로부터 비롯되는 메가시티의 본질적 속성이 안보적 측면에서 주요 변수로써 작용함을 군사적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 그리고 이에 대한 분석을 토대로 범국민적 차원에서의 복합적인 안보위협에 관한 범국가적 거버넌스 구축 필요성 및 추진 전략에 대해 군의 역할을 중심으로 제시하였다. 이에 따른 구체적인 정책개발 제언사항은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 메가시티의 새로운 복합안보위협에 대응하는 거버넌스 대응체계 구축을 강화하여 재난의 상호연쇄적 효과를 감소시키고 회복력을 제고시켜야 한다. 둘째, 둘째, 거버넌스 대응체계에서는 모든 영역(all-domains)에서의 직・간접적인 복합안보위협에 대비하여 군사적 개입(인적・물적 자원)을 강화할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 미래 트렌드를 고려하여 복합안보위협에 대한 첨단과학기술을 접목시킨 스마트 대응 인프라를 수립해야 한다. 전 세계적 트렌드인 메가시티 확산 추세를 고려 시, 도시지역에서는 새롭게 대두되는 안보위협에 대해 기존의 대응방식만으로는 충분치 않다. 다양한 안보위협요인이 중첩되어 동시다발적・복합적으로 발생할 가능성을 인식하고, 이에 대한 대응체계가 거버넌스 차원에서 설계될 필요가 있다.

러시아의 핵위협이 김정은 정권에게 주는 시사점 - 북핵대비 국가비상대비 및 민방위 발전 방향 연구 -

박계호 (재)한국군사문제연구원 2022 한국군사 Vol.12 No.-

Ten months have passed since the Russian forces invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022 under the pretext of de-Naziization and demilitarization. Contrary to the early prediction that Russia would end this war soon because of its overwhelming superiority even now some are cautiously predicting a Ukrainian victory. As the war situation became unfavorable, Russia's leaders, including President Putin, warned that they might use nuclear weapons and started nuclear training. The US and other Western intelligence agencies as well as the media have warned about Russia’s threat of nuclear war. If Putin uses nuclear weapons in Ukraine, it would have a huge ripple effect on the international community. It is very likely that Kim Jong-un is emulating Putin’s nuclear blackmail or his approach to potential use of nuclear weapons. The Kim Jong-un regime passed the “Nuclear Forces Policy Act” at the Supreme People's Assembly on September 8 and declared the five conditions reserving their right to use nuclear weapons. These conditions are essential to prove that the Kim Jong-un regime will use nuclear weapons whenever and wherever needed. Given that our preparedness in national emergency and civil defense does not suffice to fully respond to North Korea’s nuclear threat, now more than ever it is important to recognize that it must match our military preparedness which involves Kill-chain, Korean Air and Missile Defense, and Korea Massive Punishment and Retaliation. It should be noted that while North Korea has developed and deployed its own nuclear weapons, South Korea has downsized and even dismantled its own national emergency and civil defense workforce. Not only does this situation provide us with a rudimentary level of planning capability to respond to North Korea’s nuclear threat, but it does not allow us to carry out national-level emergency exercises. Although there are about 17,000 civil defense shelters in South Korea, not all shelters are fully equipped and even some equipment purchased does not meet the government recommended standards. To achieve national emergency preparedness, it is necessary to expand workforce properly, which including the supply of qualified personnel, develop an emergency preparedness plan to respond to North Korea’s increasing nuclear threat and conduct government exercises. It is also necessary to improve the warning system to ensure rapid evacuation when a civil defense warning is issued, recommend standards for evacuation shelter, and to improve evacation guidance to ensure rapid access to the evacuation shelter.

코로나19이후 신안보 위협과 대응전략

석재왕(Seok,Jae-Wang),오일석(Oh,Il-Seok) 한국경호경비학회 2020 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.64

본 연구는 코로나19사태 이후 발생하는 새로운 안보위협 유형과 국가안보 패러다임의 변화 양상들을 살펴보고 대응방안을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 팬데믹으로 불리는 코로나19는 국가안보를 둘러싼 환경과 위협 유형, 개념 및 영역 등 다양한 분야에서 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구는 보건, 사이버 등 초국적으로 발생하는 새로운 위협을 이해하기 위해 신안보(emerging security) 개념을 제시 한다. 신안보 위협은 전통적인 위협과 달리 주적 개념의 부재, 예측 불가성, 광범위한 파급효과 등을 특징으로 한다. 코로나19로 인해 미중 패권 경쟁이 심화되면서 인간안보의 중시, 안전문제의 안보화, 군사력이 아닌 위기대응력의 중시, 안보 주체의 다양화 등 변화의 특징이 나타나고 있다. 한편, 신안보 위협에 대응하기 위해 거버넌스를 통한 위기관리 능력 강화, 위험 소통 강화, 리스크 관리 외교 등을 해결방안으로 제시한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the types of emerging security threats and changes in the national security paradigm that occur after the Corona 19 incident and to suggest countermeasures. The Corona19, called “Pandemic,” has a profound impact on the environment surrounding national security, the types of threats, concepts and domains. This study presents the concept of emerging security to understand transnational threats such as health, cyber, etc. Unlike traditional threats, the threats of emerging security features the absence of the main enemy concept, unpredictability and widespread ripple effects. As the competition for hegemony between the U.S. and China intensifies due to the Corona 19, the characteristics of security changes are emerging, such as the emphasis on human security, the mutual penetration of security and security, the emphasis on crisis response rather than military force, and the diversification of security players. Meanwhile, in order to counter such security threats, measures such as strengthening crisis management capabilities through governance, strengthening risk communication, and risk management diplomacy are proposed as solutions.

Microplastic pollution in landfill soil: Emerging threats the environmental and public health

Okky Assetya Pratiwi,Umar Fahmi Achmadi,Rico Kurniawan 환경독성보건학회 2024 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Insufficient knowledge about the decomposition of microplastics from plastic waste in landfills hinders community involvement in waste management and sorting, posing a new threat to the environment and public health. The present study identifies, characterizes, and quantifies the microplastics in landfills soil sample to determine the latest threats posed by microplastics in the environment, particularly in landfills that are close to residential areas. This research is a descriptive study, with soil samples taken from six points in landfill site in Depok City. The abundance and shape of microplastics were characterized using a microscope, while the microplastic types were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the Depok City landfill soil was 60,111.67 particles/kg, with the largest percentage being fragments at 63 %. FTIR functional group characterization showed the presence of plastic types, such as Polyethylene (PE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Polyamide. The differences in waste types entering the Depok Landfill caused variations in the number, shape, and type of microplastic samples, and this study provides a foundation for mitigating and biodegrading microplastics in the landfill to minimize environmental impact and protect public health.

Lumpy skin disease as an emerging infectious disease

Hye Jin Eom,Eun-Seo Lee,Han Sang Yoo The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.3

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases. Recently, LSD has emerged in many countries in the northern hemisphere. The LSD virus has a huge genome and is highly resistant to environmental conditions. The virus is also host-specific and large ruminants, such as cattle and domestic water buffalo, are particularly susceptible. In addition, wild ruminants can serve as potential reservoirs for spreading the LSD virus. The emergence might be related to climate change in various regions because LSD is an arthropod-borne infectious disease. This disease causes enormous economic losses, such as leather damage, decreased milk production, abortion, and death in infected ruminants. The economic importance of LSD in the bovine industry has forced countries to develop and implement control strategies against the disease. With the recent global spread and the economic impact, LSD will be discussed intensively. In addition, effective preventive measures are suggested based on the presence or absence of LSD outbreaks.

새로운 국가안보 위협요인들에 대응하는 미국 주요 정보기관들의 권한에 관한 법률연구: CIA와 FBI 사례

김은영 가천대학교 법학연구소 2023 가천법학 Vol.16 No.4

Recent developments indicate a paradigm shift in the perception of national security threats among major advanced nations with leading intelligence agencies. These countries are recognizing new and diverse challenges, encompassing climate change, infectious diseases, cyber threats, and disruptions in critical supply chains. Notably, there is a growing awareness of threats targeting democratic systems, including disinformation, social unrest, and election interference. In response to these evolving threats, Western nations emphasize the need for their intelligence agencies to address complex national security challenges. This involves enhancing intelligence agency authority through legislative measures and aligning core national security strategies with agency responsibilities. However, domestically, the investigative and informational capabilities of intelligence agencies have weakened, lagging behind their foreign counterparts. Understanding the legal frameworks governing intelligence agencies' activities and authority is crucial for South Korea's national security efforts. This study aims to analyze the duties, tasks, and activities of intelligence agencies, along with the relevant laws, focusing on key agencies related to U.S. national security. Content analyses of diverse literature sources were conducted to achieve this goal. Drawing on insights from the U.S. case, the conclusion section discusses policy implications for legislation pertaining to the authority of domestic intelligence agencies.

긴급자동조향을 위한 기계학습기반 위험 판단 및 시뮬레이션을 통한 검증 방법

이지민(Jimin Lee),이종관(Jonggwan Lee),송봉섭(Bongsob Song) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.7

제10차 국제학술대회 전체회의 발표논문 : 중국경제의 부상; 우리에 대한 의미 평가

정영록 ( Young Rok Cheong ) 한국경제학회 2003 經濟學硏究 Vol.2003 No.S