웹 컬러 시스템 설계를 위한 기초적 연구

이경희 한국니트디자인학회 2021 패션과 니트 Vol.19 No.1

Web colors are colors used in displaying web pages on the World Wide Web, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet or in hexadecimal format or according to their common English names in some cases. We have a whopping 16 million colors to choose from when designing a website. The RGB color system defines all colors as a combination of three different values; a particular shade of red, another of green, and another of blue. RGB color space or RGB color system, constructs all the colors from the combination of the Red, Green and Blue colors. This color model is used in computer monitors, television sets, and theater. This study investigated the web color system applies for web color equipment, such as computer monitors and smart phone monitors. This study is developed the 『Hue and Tone 313 Color System』for web site based on hue and tone color system. I suggested the 313 colors with attached the RGB notation which could web color display for efficient sensual color education. The 10 hues classification of Munsell hue are Red, Yellow Red, Yellow, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple Blue, Purple, Red Purple are gathered in this color system. The 19 tones classification are vivid, light, standard, deep, pale, soft, dull, dark, very pale, light grayish, medium grayish, dark grayish, very dark, off White, off Pale, off Light Gray, off Medium Gray, off Dark Gray, off Black are collected in this color system, And the achromatic colors in this system are collected white, light gray, medium gray, dark gray and black. The special colors in this system are gathered gold, silver and copper for modern design trend.

빛에 의한 색채표시에 대한 연구

변수진 ( Byun Su Jin ) 전남대학교 예술연구소 2013 藝術論集 Vol.13 No.-

The color does not exist if there is no light. The light is the kind of the electromagnetic waves caused y sun energy. Human can feel the some light field as a color, which is called ‘visible light’ between the 380nm~780nm of the entire light frequency area. To feel the color, there should have the light of visible ray field, the object which reflect or absorb the light, and the eye which recognize that object. So, we feel the color by looking at the specific color in our eyesight, when the object reflect or absorb visible light selectively by its own choice. When the object is lightened, it gets the specific color according to reflectance of light wavelength. For example, red object absorb the purple~yellow light, and it only reflect the red light, so we can see that object as a red object. The color specification is defined to classify the color quantitatively, and the value of that classification is called as color specification values. Also color system is defined as the system of serial rules and definition for color specification. The color system is consist of color appearance system and color mixing system. The color appearance system is the method that display the color as a mathematical value for the basis of mixing color. CIE color system is typical method of color appearance system. Color mixing system is the method that classify the color by using the psychology of the human perception. The Muncell`s color system by hue, value, and Chroma is the representative method of color mixing system. The humans gather the important part of the information by using the vision. The color is the very important source at information-delivery system of vision. The color goes through the very complicated recognition process, and the light is very important role in that part. In this study, for understanding of the color, we want to organize color specification and color system of light property systemically.

태권도 띠색 체계 정립을 위한 기본 연구

정인철,김동현,박진수,최현민 국기원 2019 국기원태권도연구 Vol.10 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the promotion system and belt color system of each Taekwondo related institution, precedent research, and literature, and to establish the belt color system for suitable Korean traditional thoughts and culture based on the cases commonly used in frontline Taekwondo Dojang. For this purpose, as a result of analyzing the literature related to the color and taekwondo belts and the reports of each institution, the upgrade system was the most suitable step 9 with the meaning of the number '9', which is a multiple of 3, and the case of the belt color system that is commonly used in frontline Taekwondo Dojang. As a result, it is considered that the five-color system was most suitable for the belt system. The reason for this is as follows. First, it is the color system that can be harmoniously combined with Korean consciousness. Second, people have been using the five-color system in Kukkiwon for a long time. Third, The five-color system has its own merit of combination of various belt systems due to having five basic colors of five colors (white, yellow, blue, red, and black) with five basic colors of five colors (red, wall, red, sulfur, and purple). Fourth, because it is a color based on traditional Korean thoughts, it is possible to inform Korean mental culture through the traditional martial art Taekwondo belt system.Therefore, this study suggests that the three proposals establish a more organized system rather than Kukkiwon, the World Taekwondo Headquarters did. 본 연구에서는 각 태권도 관련 기관 및 선행연구, 문헌 등의 승급체계와 띠색 체계를 검토하여일선 태권도장에서 통용되는 사례를 바탕으로 한국의 전통 사상과 문화에 맞게 띠색 체계를확립하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 색채 및 태권도 띠와 관련 된 문헌과 각 기관들의 보고서등을 분석한 결과 승급체계는 3의 배수인 숫자 ‘9’의 의미를 담아 9단계 가장 적합하였고 일선태권 도장에서 통용되는 띠색 체계의 사례와 비교한 결과 띠색 체계는 오방색 체계가 가장 적합하다고 판단하였다. 그 이유는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국인들의 의식에 가장 무리 없이 융화될수 있는 색상체계이다. 둘째, 이미 오래전부터 국기원과 현장에서 오방색 체계를 사용해왔기때문에 사람들이 거부감 없이 받아들일 수 있다. 셋째, 오방색 체계 내에는 오방정색의 기본5가지 색상(하얀색, 노란색, 파란색, 빨간색, 검은색) 외에도 오방간색(녹, 벽, 홍, 유황, 자색)이있기 때문에, 띠 체계를 다양하게 조합할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 넷째, 한국의 전통 사상을배경으로 하는 색상이기 때문에 전통 무예 태권도의 띠 체계를 통해 한국의 정신문화를 알릴수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 세가지 안을 제시하여 세계태권도본부 국기원에서 보다 체계적인 유급자의 띠색 체계를 정립할 수 있는 방안이 될 것이라 사료된다.

백제 관복제(官服制)의 정비시기와 변천과정 검토

나용재 ( Na Yong-jae ) 백제학회 2017 백제학보 Vol.0 No.21

본고에서는 백제 官服制의 정비 시기와 변천과정에 대해 고찰해보았다. 관복제는 貴賤의 신분 차이를 나타냄은 물론, 관인간의 서열을 구분하기 위한 관등제를 시각적으로 구현한 제도이므로 백제의 사회상 및 통치구조의 발전 양상에 대한 실마리를 제공해줄 수 있는 주제이다. 백제는 國王의 服制와 관인의 관복제가 전하며, 후자의 경우 服色(紫·緋·靑)·銀花冠飾, 帶色·銀花冠飾, 帶色·冠色·銀花冠飾, 服色(緋)·銀花冠飾의 형태가 확인된다. 이를 『梁職貢圖』 模本에서 보이는 백제 사신의 모습과 비교해 보았을 때 6세기 중반 이전에는 服色(紫·緋·靑)·銀花冠飾의 규정이 시행되고 있었으며, 이후 帶·冠에 대한 규정이 추가되었던 것으로 보인다. 사료에 전하고 있는 백제의 관복제 규정은 官等制의 성립과정 및 五方色의 활용과 관련이 있다. 백제의 관등제 정비는 점진적으로 이루어졌는데, ‘佐平·率系-德系-文督 이하’의 세 개 관등군 설치는 5세기 후반 대에는 성립되었다. 五方色의 경우 官服制에서의 紫·緋·靑色 위계 관계는 劉宋代에 이르러 확인되고, 그 용례가 백제에 전해졌던 것으로 추정되는 시기는 5세기 후반 개로왕대이다. 3종류의 색을 필요로 할 만큼 관등군의 설치가 이루어졌으며, 그것을 표현하기 위한 紫·緋·靑의 서열 순서가 확인되는 개로왕대를 服色(紫·緋·靑)·銀花冠飾의 규정으로 이루어진 관복제 정비시기의 상한으로 볼 수 있다. 이후 백제의 관복제는 紫·?·赤·靑·黃·白의 색상을 활용해 帶와 冠의 규정이 추가 되었다. 北周의 品色衣 제도에 영향을 받아 581년에서 603년의 기간 사이에 개정되었던 것으로서, 이전보다 관등제가 확장된 것에 대응하기 위함이었다. 한편 모든 관인이 緋色의 옷을 입고 銀花冠飾을 착용하는 형태로의 개정은 621~660년의 기간 사이에 이루어졌다. 이는 관등의 인플레이션 현상이 관찰되며, 왕권의 강화에 노력을 기울이던 무왕과 의자왕대에 황제와 신하 간 服色에 차이를 두었던 唐의 영향을 받았던 것이다. This paper explored the organizing period and the change process of the official uniform system(官服制) in Baekjae. As the official uniform system represents the status distinction of aristocrats(貴賤) and formed the system visually in order to classify the order among bureaucrats, this will provide clues on the development pattern of society and ruling structure in the era of Baekjae. The royal clothing system and the Official Uniform System were performed in Baekjae and the latter system included uniform colors(wine, red, blue)/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments, belt colors/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments, belt colors/ official hat colors/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments, uniform colors(red)/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments. Compared with ambassadors in the era of Baekjae portrayed in the original paper of Yangjigongdo (an ambassador painting), it appears that uniform colors(wine, red, blue)/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments was implemented before the mid 6th century and regulations on belt and official hat were later added. Regulations on the official uniform system in the era of Baekjae identified in the historical document is associated with the establishing process of the official rank system as well as the utilization of five colors. The modification of the official rank system in Baekjae was progressively conducted. The installment of three official rank groups of “Jwapeyong-Solgye(2nd-6th status)-Deokgye(7th-11st status)-Mundok” were established in the late 5th century. For five colors, the hierarchical relationship of wine, red, and blue in the official uniform system was identified in the era of Yusong. The usage was estimated to be transferred to Baekjae in the era of King Gaero, the late 5th century. Official rank groups were installed as three colors were required. The era of King Gaero when the rank order of wine, red, and blue to express this installment can be an upper limit of the organization period of the official uniform system comprised of regulations on uniform colors(wine, red, blue)/ silver flower shaped diadem ornaments. Regulations on belt and official hat were updated to the official uniform system in Baekjae by using wine, black, crimson, blue, yellow, and white colors. Renewed between 581 and 603 influenced by the rank color clothes in the Northern Dynasty, it aimed for coping with the extension of the official rank system. The revision into the form where all bureaucrats wear red clothes with silver flower shaped diadem ornaments was implemented between 621 and 660. Official rank inflation is observed herein, and it was affected by the Dang Dynasty where there is a distinction between the Emperor and subordinates in terms of uniform colors in the King Mu and King Uija Dynasties.

보문 : 퍼스널 컬러 시스템의 사계절 유형별 피부색 특성 비교 -영국, 일본, 한국, 독일의 퍼스널 컬러 시스템을 중심으로-

차호연 ( Ho Yeon Cha ),김정희 ( Jeong Hee Kim ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2011 대한미용학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of personal color systems through the comparative analysis of the skin colors according to the seasonal type. 200 Korean women in 20`s were diagnosed seasonal types by UK (United Kingdom), Japanese, Korean and German personal color drapes and measured their skin color by using Minolta CM-700d. The data were analyzed by statistical methods. As a result of the study, it is presented that Korean personal color system most certainly classifies seasonal types according to L* (lightness) among these personal color systems. German personal color system most classifies seasonal type according to a* (redness) among these personal color systems. Korean personal color system most certainly classifies seasonal types according to b* (yellowness) among these personal color systems. However Korean personal color system shows b* (yellowness) of winter type as the highest value in seasonal types. This does not follow the previous theories of personal color. This study analyzed the characteristics of personal color systems through the comparative analysis of the skin colors according to the seasonal type.

색 보정 및 색 좌표 변환 기법을 이용한 요분석 시스템의 구현

김기련,예수영,손정만,김철한,정도운,이승진,장용훈,전계록 대한의용생체공학회 2003 의공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구에서는 구현된 요분석 시스템으로 획득한 데이터를 보정하기 위하여 색 좌표 변환 기법을 제안하였다. 일반적으로 요분석 시스템은 요분석용 스트립의 정색반응을 검출하는 과정에서 여러 가지 비선형적인 특성 즉 광 모듈의 메커니즘, 하드웨어, 그리고 주변 환경에 의해 색 왜곡된 입·출력 특성을 지닌다 따라서 보다 높은 정확도와 재현성을 유지하기 위해 장비 특성화 기법을 도입하여 색 왜곡 현상을 보정하였다. 본 연구에서는 명암 보정, ,3차 스플라인 보간법에 의한 RGB 신호의 특성 곡선 추출, 기준색 고정 선형변환 기법을 사용하여 색 보정 과정을 수행하였다 색 보정을 위해 사용된 표준 장비는 1931년 CIE XYZ 색공간 특성을 지닌 좌표계로 설정하였으며, 동일한 칼라 샘플에 대해 요분석 시스템의 출력값과 표준 장비의 출력값이 일치되도록 하는 보정 행렬을 구하였다. 구현된 요분석 시스템을 색 보정한 후 기준 데이터와 비교한 결과 양호한 색상 정확도를 나타내었다 요분석용 스트립의 10 가지 항목에 대해 구현된 두 대의 요분석 시스템을 사용하여 실험한 결과 장비간 색차는 1.28이었다. A transformation methode of the chromaticity coordinates was proposed to calibrate the measured data obtained by a urine analysis system which implemented in our previous study. Generally. the reacted color of a reagent strip by urine analysis system often exhibit the color distortions due to nonlinear characteristics of the various devices that is the optic module mechanism. hardware, and surround circumstance. A color correction method for minimizing the color distortion play a few role in maintaining high accuracy and reproduction of the urine analysis system. In this work, we used the compensation method such as the shading correction, the characteristic curve extraction of RGB color by means of third order spline interpolation, and linear transformation using a reference color. In addition, 1931 CIE XYZ color space was used to compensate the color of the measured data by a standard reference system as colorimeter. A compensation matrix was obtained so that the output values of the urine analysis system is nearly equal to that of a standard reference system for identical color sample. Color correction obtained by a urine analysis system which implemented in our previous study exhibited a good color accuracy when it was compared with the reference data. Observed result from an experiments on ten items or a urinalysis strip that color difference or between two urine analysis system was 1.28.

미야자키 하야오 애니메이션의 컬러 시스템 분석

유민호(Minho Yoo),민미경(Mikyeong Min) 한국애니메이션학회 2010 애니메이션연구 Vol.6 No.1

애니메이션 전반에 걸쳐 필름 룩(Film look)의 항상성을 유지하기 위해서는 체계적인 컬러 시스템을 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 미야자키 하야오의 애니메이션은 자연주의적 세계관을 토대로 환경적 요인에 근거하여 전체적 스토리를 구성하는 경향이 있다. 그는 애니메이션의 캐릭터, 배경, 장면, 컬러 등에서 계산된 균형감을 추구한다. 따라서 콘셉트 단계인 이미지 보딩(image-boarding) 프로세스에서부터 캐릭터, 미술, 색채 등 각 부분별 디자인이 이루어지고 이 과정에 작화감독, 미술감독, 색 지정 담당자와 긴밀히 커뮤니케이션 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 〈원령공주〉의 경우, 스토리 전개에 따라 컬러 시스템을 적용한 측면이 나타난다. 전체적으로 초록색군(G)을 배치한 상태에서 스토리의 발단, 전개, 절정, 결말에 이르는 과정이 초록색군(G)-주황색군(YR), 노랑색군(Y)-빨강색군(R), 보라색군(P)-파랑색군(B)의 순차적 컬러 시스템으로 구성되어 있는 것이다. 또한 캐릭터를 강조하기위해 인접보색을 사용하고 있는데, 여기서 배경은 중성색의 단계적 톤(Tone)으로 구현되어 있다. 이런 컬러 시스템의 적용을 통해 미야자키는 이차원적 공간을 삼차원화시키는 효과를 만든다. 미야자키의 애니메이션은 스튜디오 지브리의 설립을 기점으로 크게 변하는데 과거 단순 원색에 의존하던 컬러 시스템이 저채도 사용을 극대화하는 방식으로 변하면서 컬러 표현이 다양해진다. 또한 파스텔 톤을 배경에 적용함으로써 여성성과 자연주의 경향이 증폭된다. 〈원령공주〉는 미야자키가 컬러 시스템의 변화를 완성시킨 애니메이션이다. 이 연구의 목적은 〈원령공주〉의 컬러 시스템을 분석함으로써 미야자키 애니메이션에 나타나는 컬러 시스템의 특징을 과학적으로 분석하고 이를 통해 애니메이션을 색채학적으로 연구할 수 있는 분석기법을 제안하는 데 있다. It is important to establish solid color systems in order to maintain a consistent look of an animated feature film. Miyazaki Hayao’s Animated Films tend to form a story based on environmental elements stemming from naturalist’s ideas. He is in pursuit of calculated balance in characters, backgrounds, scenes and colors. Therefore, he is renowned in making fluid communications with authors, art directors and colorists to successfully convert his concepts; thus, begins character design, artwork and color settings at the early stages of development. “Mononoke-hime” is known as an example successfully demonstrating this calculated balance. This animation unfolds a story in sync with the changes of color systems. In general, the green (G) system appears dominant; however, following the sequence of introduction, rise, climax and denouement, the sequential color systems unfold in the orders of green (G), orange (YR), red (R), violet (P) and blue (B). Furthermore, contiguous complementary colors are used to emphasize characters and the backgrounds are colored in gradating tones. This color composition creates an effect which converts two dimensional images into three dimensional spaces. His animated feature films drastically changed at the point of founding “Studio Ghibli”. In the past, his animations depended upon simple and primary colors but low chroma color systems were introduced after “Studio Ghibli” and it create far more variety in colors. Adapting pastel tone colors made his animation more feminine and naturalistic. “Mononoke-hime” is the one that demonstrated Miyazaki’s color system in full scale for the first time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the color system of “Mononoke-hime” in order to understand color systems in Miyazaki animation and suggest a methodology to study animation from the perspective of chromatology.

디지털 색채교구 개발을 위한 기초적 연구

이경희 한국니트디자인학회 2020 패션과 니트 Vol.18 No.1

Modern age is called color age, therefore the importance of color design education is increasing. All areas of life are being getting more colorful, students as well as designers are required of knowledge about color and color design. The curriculum of color design in school education is very important basic curriculum in all of design training course. Korean color education is based on Munsell color system. Therefore color expresses by hue, value and chroma. But industry designers use mainly hue and tone color system. The tone concept which contain value and chroma is very important in color design education. This research designed ‘Hue and Tone 313 Digital Color System’ based on hue and tone color system. Also I suggested the 313 colors with attached the CMYK notation which could print the spare color paper for efficeint sensual color education. In this color system, the 10 hues classification of Munsell hue are Red, Yellow Red, Yellow, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple Blue, Purple, Red Purple. In this color system, the 19 tones classification are vivid, light, standard, deep, pale, soft, dull, dark, very pale, light grayish, medium grayish, dark grayish, very dark, off White, off Pale, off Light Gray, off Medium Gray, off Dark Gray, off Black. And the achromatic colors in this system are white, light gray, medium gray, dark gray and black. The last special colors in this system are gold, silver and copper for modern design trend.

효율적인 감성색채교육을 위한 휴 앤드 톤 컬러 시스템의 설계 연구

이경희 한국패션비즈니스학회 2019 패션 비즈니스 Vol.23 No.2

The importance of color is increasing in modern life and we call such present age that is ‘color age’. These day that all areas of life are being getting fashionize, ordinary people as well as design specialist are required of culture and knowledge about color. Color design education is important curriculum at liberal arts course and in special design trainning course. Color expresses by hue, value and chroma in Munsell color system. But design spot is using mainly hue and tone color system. Therefore it is very important that educate tone concept in color design education. When think influence that increase of color, we must develop hue and tone color system in suitable for color design education. This research designed usable ‘Hue and Tone 313 Colot System’ for efficeint sensual color education. Also I designed 313 color papers with attached the Munsell notation which could reappear the spare color paper when needed. The 10 hues classification of this system are Red, Yellow Red, Yellow, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green, Blue, Purple Blue, Purple, Red Purple. The 19 tones classification of this system are vivid, light, standard, deep, pale, soft, dull, dark, very pale, light grayish, medium grayish, dark grayish, very dark, off White, off Pale, off Light Gray, off Medium Gray, off Dark Gray, off Black. The special colors of this system are gold, silver and copper.

색채 환경 기반의 인체 반응 정보 측정 시스템

김지언 ( Ji-eon Kim ),정창원 ( Chang-won Jeong ),주수종 ( Su-chong Joo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

색채 환경에 따라 인지반응의 상관관계를 분석한 결과가 다양한 산업분야에 적용되고 있다. 특히, 의학 분야에서 색채 환경기반 생체신호를 수집하여 환자 상태의 파악과 치료 그리고 뇌활동의 규명에 관련된 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구들은 색채조명 또는 LED를 이용한 색채 환경을 구축하여 다양한 실험을 진행하고 있으나 다른 광원에 노출 되어 심리적인 영향을 주는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 HMD(Head-Mounted-Display)를 이용하여 피험자에게 완벽한 색채 환경조건을 제공하고자 한다. 그리고 인체반응정도 측정을 위해 기억력-주의력 테스트하는 동안 BMS(Bio-Medical-System)으로 생체정보를 수집하여 색채별 인체반응정도 측정뿐만 아니라 심리적인 변화에 대한 상관관계를 확인할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템을 통하여 수집하는 생체정보는 심전도(ECG), 호흡(Respiration), 산소포화도(SpO2), 임피던스(Bio-Impedance), 혈압(Blood-Pressure) 이며 데이터베이스에 저장한다. 이와함께, 인체의 인지반응을 측정하기위해 기억력-주의력 테스트는 앱으로 구현하여 색채 조건별 인지반응 정보를 측정하고 결과를 확인 할 수 있다. 제안한 시스템을 통하여 수집된 인체반응정보를 활용하여 생리학적 정보의 정량화하는 연구를 진행할 수 있으며, 색채 환경과 생리학적 정보의 상관관계를 분석하여 의학적 진단 및 치료에 응용이 될 것으로 기대한다. 향후 연구로 구축한 시스템을 통해 수집된 데이터를 분석 및 시각화 기능을 추가하고, 치매 질환의 예측 및 치료를 위한 시스템으로 확장하여 재활프로그램으로서의 유효성을 평가하고자 한다. The result of analyzing the cognitive reaction due to the color environment has been applied to various filed especially in medical field. Moreover, the study about the identification of patient`s condition and examination the brain activity by collecting the bio-signal based on the color environment is being actively conducted. Even though, there were a variety of experiments by convention the color environment using a light or LED color, it still has a problem that affects the psychological information. Therefore, our proposed system using a HMD (Head Mounting display) to provide a completed color environment condition. This system uses the BMS(Biomedical System) to collect the biometric information which responds to the specific color condition and the human body response information can be measured by the development the Memory and Attention test on Mobile phone. The collection of Biometric information includes electro cardiogram(ECG), respiration, oxygen saturation (Sp02), Bio-impedance, blood pressure will store in the database. In addition, we can verify the result of the human body reaction in the color environment by Memory and Attention application. By utilizing the reaction of the human body information that is collected thought the proposed system, we can analyze the correlation between the physiological information and the color environment. And we also expect that this system can apply to the medical diagnosis and treatment. For future work, we will expand the system for prediction and treatment of Alzheimer disease by analyzing the visualization data through the proposed system. We will also do evaluation on the effectiveness of the system for using in the rehabilitation program.