Korean Taekwondo Gyms’ Use of Marketing Communications and Business Strategy through Social Networking Services

( Doo Han Kim ),( Kook Hyun Jeong ),( Ha Young Kim ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

Purpose: Social Networking Service (SNS) marketing methods are regarded as attractive as they enable interaction between companies and customers. Taekwondo gyms in Korea consider it especially important to have a smooth relationship with trainees’ parents. For this reason, this study surveyed the managers of Taekwondo gyms to determine the effect and value of their SNS tools. Methods: To examine the value of SNS tools that Taekwondo gyms utilize, this study designed a two-phase research method. In the first phase, the Priority Matrix Framework, which cross-measures the expected value index (x-axis) and the actual practicality (y-axis), was used. From the medians of the expected value index (x-axis) and the actual practicality (y-axis), we defined the first quadrant as the communication tool with the possibility of intensive utilization, the second quadrant as the communication tool with the possibility of selective utilization, the third as an excludable communication tool, and the fourth as the communication tool that can be used strategically. In the second phase, the study projected the result of the previous step and compared it with the answers from an open questionnaire on the actual practicality of each SNS tool. The participants of this study were 130 managers at Taekwondo gyms in Korea. The final sample of the target was selected by the following criteria. First, does the gym have more than 200 registered child trainees? Second, does the gym utilize two or more marketing communication tools including SNS or community web services? Third, does the gym have trainers or personnel dedicated to the marketing communication tools? Finally, to verify the validity of the study, the contents validity ratio (CVR) was verified based on the significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Kakao Talk, Naver Band, and Facebook, all SNS tools, were placed in the first quadrant. Managers stated that their best benefits were “most trainees and their parents are using them” and “they support friendly talks and easy postings.” Naver Cafe, Daum Cafe, and Facebook Live Broadcasting were placed in the second quadrant. Managers claimed those SNS platforms have a high accessibility to parents, because most have accounts. Twitter and an independent Internet webpage were placed in the third quadrant. Respondents stated Twitter had a weak environment for delivering enough amount of information. On the other hand, they claimed that an independent Internet webpage for a Taekwondo gym is hard to manage. Instagram, Kakao Story, and Facebook Live Broadcast, which were located in the fourth quadrant, were determined to be strategically usable. These SNS tools are evaluated as the trendiest and best for communicating with young parents. However, if the parents follow each other, they can see each other’s private postings, which imposes a psychological obstacle to using them. Conclusions: This study suggests SNS utilization strategies suitable for Taekwondo gyms in Korea as follows. First, Taekwondo gyms should only operate one or two SNS tools that can deliver educational content or event notifications effectively. Second, Taekwondo gyms should consistently manage and use SNS tools in accordance with customers’ usage pattern. Third, Taekwondo gyms should actively utilize SNS for providing fast answers to postings, inquiries, or requirements. Fourth, Taekwondo gyms should choose SNS tools that are utilized more on smartphones than on PCs. Korean Taekwondo gyms have been utilizing various kinds of SNS tools for marketing purposes. However, their management has been inconsistent as the gyms changed platforms following the current trend. This results in a devaluation of SNS tools by the managers before confirming customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to maintain a consistent use of SNS to sustain the management of Taekwondo gyms and maintain marketing strategies.

프랜차이즈 태권도장 지원시스템이 가맹 만족, 신뢰 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향

이정학,황윤경,임선영 국기원 2019 국기원태권도연구 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of franchise Taekwondo gym support system on the satisfaction, trust, and recommendation intention of franchise gym in order to diagnose. Franchise Taekwondo gym support system that has been established widely in domestic Taekwondo market and to provide the academic basis for the development of franchise culture for efficient Taekwondo gym management. The subjects of this study were 319 Taekwondo Headmasters of franchise Taekwondo gym who participated in the national Taekwondo Poomsae Competitions and Korea Taekwondo Research Institute Seminar. Questionnaires were distributed to those Taekwondo head masters and collected. A total of 300 questionnaire sets were used for final analysis, excluding 19 questionnaire sets that contained bundled answers. As a research tool, the questionnaire consisted of 11 questions for Franchise Support System used in the study of Min, Y. G. (2006) based on the measurement tools which had been developed by Stern & El-ansary (1992) and Lewis & Lambert (1991). Also 5 questions for satisfaction of used in the study of Kim, E. H. (2004) and 7 questions for trust, 3 questions for recommendation intent of used in the study of Hong, C. H. (2016). The questions were revised and supplemented according to the purpose of this study, and composed of 29 questions including demographic characteristics and 3 questions. For the analysis of results, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis was performed by using SPSS 23.0 Version. First, Taekwondo gym franchise support system had a significant effect on the satisfaction of franchise gym as a whole in the order of sales support (β=.628, p<.001), and product support (β=.248, p<.001). Second, Taekwondo gym franchise support system had a significant effect on the trust of franchise gym as a whole in the order of sales support (β=.561, p<.001), and product support (β=.310, p<.001). Third, Taekwondo gym franchise support system had a significant effect on the recommendation intention of franchise gym as a whole in the order of sales support(β=.612, p<.001), product support (β=.263, p<.001).Based on consideration of overall results of this study, it was found that constant support of the franchise Taekwondo gym support system was the most influential factor affecting the satisfaction, trust, and recommendation intention of the franchise gyms. Thus, the franchise Taekwondo gym head office should be able to promote a more positive relationship by providing with continuous management and information provision in the course of operation of franchise gym and by establishing a systematic system for development and support of new Taekwondo education programs. 본 연구는 프랜차이즈 태권도장의 지원시스템이 가맹 만족, 신뢰 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향을규명함으로써 국내 태권도 시장에 광범위하게 자리 잡고 있는 태권도장의 효율적 경영과 더불어 프랜차이즈 문화발전 전반에 이바지할 수 있는 학문적 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은2018년 전국 규모의 태권도대회와 한국태권도연구소 세미나에 참여한 프랜차이즈 태권도장의 가맹도장 지도자 319명을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하고 회수하였으며, 부적절하게 응답된 19부를 제외한 300 부를 최종 분석자료로 사용하였다. 조사도구 Stern와 El-ansary(1992)와 Lewis와 Lambert(1991)에 의해개발된 측정도구를 사용한 민용기(2006)의 프랜차이즈 지원시스템 11문항, 김은희(2004)의 연구에서사용된 만족 5문항과 신뢰 7문항, 홍창현(2016)의 연구에서 사용된 추천의도 3문항으로 본 연구의목적에 맞게 수정·보완하여 사용하였으며, 인구통계학적 특성 3문항을 포함하여 총 29문항으로 구성하였다. 결과분석을 위해 SPSS 23.0 Version 을 활용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 프랜차이즈 태권도장 지원시스템은 영업지원(β =.628, p<.001), 물품지원(β=.248, p<.001) 순으로 가맹 만족 모두에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 프랜차이즈 태권도장 지원시스템은 영업지원(β=.561, p<.001), 물품지원(β=.310, p<.001) 순으로 가맹도장의 신뢰 모두에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 프랜차이즈 지원시스템은 영업지원(β=.612, p<.001), 물품지원(β=.263, p<.001)순으로 가맹 추천의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해볼 때, 프랜차이즈 태권도장 지원시스템의 영업지원 요인은 가맹 만족, 신뢰, 추천의도에 가장 많은영향력을 미치는 중요 요인임을 알 수 있다. 따라서 프랜차이즈 태권도장 본사는 가맹 운영에 있어체계적인 관리와 정보제공, 새로운 태권도 교육프로그램 개발 및 교육에 대한 다양한 지원 시스템구축을 제공하도록 많은 노력이 요구된다.

성과지향적 콘텐츠에 기반한 태권도장의 품질변화 예측에 따른 경영전략

김두한 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2019 스포츠사이언스 Vol.37 No.1

As Taekwondo's technology system is diverse, it can not be overlooked that Taekwondo-gym has a wide variety of roles and functions. Therefore, it is necessary to continually expand the contents to meet the needs of children and adolescents belonging to Taekwondo-gym and Taekwondo-gym, which are at the forefront of Taekwondo dissemination and occupy the majority of Taekwondo residents, and parents who support them. Achieving Educational Value of Taekwondo-gym through Future Prediction Content-based performance orientation will be used as an important content in Taekwondo-gym in the future. However, there remains a question as to whether masters of Taekwondo-gym can effectively guide it. And the leader education that can strengthen it in the future should be done through Taekwondo department and Taekwondo organization. Achieving Economic Value of Taekwondo-gym through Future Prediction Content-based achievement orientation causes the peoples in Taekwondo to keep asking about the essence of Taekwondo itself. However, recalling that Taekwondo-gym is a private education facility for trainees and parents and a means of livelihood for taekwondo-gym's masters, there is a lack of justification for growing and developing as a professional integrated sports education facility.Just as Taekwondo-gym has grown quantitatively and qualitatively over the last half-century, it will certainly continue to grow as society demands it. The biggest problem is whether Taekwondo-gym change and innovation are ready for Taekwondo masters to accept. 태권도의 기술체계가 다양하듯이 태권도장이 지니는 역할과 기능이 매우 다양함을 간과 할 수 없다. 따라서 태권도보급의 최일선에 존재하며 태권도 수련인구의 대다수를 차지하는 태권도장과 태권도장의 아동 및 청소년 수련생 그리고 이를 지원하는 학부모의 요구에 부응하는 콘텐츠의 지속적인 확충이 필요한 것이다. 미래예측을 통한 태권도장의 교육적 가치실현 콘텐츠 기반의 성과지향은 향후 태권도장에서 지속적으로 중요한 콘텐츠로서 활용 될 것이다. 그러나 태권도장의 지도자들이 이를 효과적으로 지도 할 수 잇을 것인가에 대한 의문은 남아있다. 그리고 앞으로 이를강화할 수 있는 지도자 교육이 태권도 전공학과 및 태권도 기관을 통하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 미래예측을 통한 태권도장의 경제적 가치실현 콘텐츠 기반의 성과지향은 태권도의 본질에 대한 물음을 태권도인 스스로에게 계속하도록만드는 원인이 되고 있다. 그러나 태권도장이 수련생과 학부모를 위한 사설 교육시설이면서 태권도장 사범들의 생계수단임을 상기 할 때, 전문적인 종합 스포츠 교육 시설로 성장하고 발전 하는 것을 반대할 수 있는 명분은 부족하다. 태권도장이 지난 반세기 동안 양적 질적 규모를 성장해 왔듯이 분명히 사회의 요구에 따라 지속적인 성장은 가능할것이다. 가장 큰 문제는 태권도장의 변화와 혁신을 태권도 지도자들이 받아들일 준비가 되었는가가 더욱 중요하다.

중국 태권도장의 선택속성과 동일시, 만족도, 태도, 이미지 및 충성도와의 구조적 관계

펑차오치옹,김용만 한국사회체육학회 2022 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.88

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship among selection attribute, identification, satisfaction, attitude, image and loyalty in the Chinese Taekwondo gym. Method: Wenjuanxing online survey platform in China was used for this study. The study was conducted with a self-administration method in which respondents read and answered the questionnaires. The subjects were a total of 500 parents of elementary school students of Taekwondo gyms in China, of which 451 copies were used as the final valid sample. For data processing, models and hypotheses were verified using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. Results: The results were as follows: First, programs, cost and surrounding environment among selection attribute of Taekwondo gym had an impact on identification with Taekwondo gym, but masters, facilities and accessibility did not have an impact. Second, the Taekwondo gym identification had a positive impact on satisfaction, attitude and image. Third, the Taekwondo gym image had a positive impact on attitude. Fourth, Taekwondo gym satisfaction and attitude had a positive impact on loyalty, but Taekwondo gym image had no impact on loyalty. Fifth, attitude toward Taekwondo gym had a positive impact on loyalty. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to improve the identification with Taekwondo gym, and strengthen the value of Taekwondo gym selection attribute to improve satisfaction with, and enhance positive attitude and image toward Taekwondo gym to retain existing customers and secure new customers.

태권도장의 서비스스케이프가 고객 만족도에 미치는 영향

이준우(Lee, Jun-Woo),김의영(Kim, Eui-Young),최영철(Choi, Young-Chyul) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

As the trainees of taekwondo gyms have been sharply decreasing, causing the taekwondo gyms to have financial difficulties, it is important to establish factors for the trainees and their parents’ satisfaction with the servicescapes provided by taekwondo gyms which are active solutions to vitalization of taekwondo gyms. The purpose of this research which started from 比ds viewpoint is to examine the effects of taekwondo gym’s servicescape on customer satisfaction and to establish the mediating effects on the instructors’ leader trust, and to provide the data for marketing strategy establishment that enhances differentiated customer satisfaction. To achieve this purpose, the research subjects, 872 trainees of the taekwondo gyms in the Seoul and Gyeonggi regions were selected through the purposive sampling method, and the related data were collected through the self-reported method using the investigation tool composed of servicescape, customer satisfaction, and leader trust scale. And the data were processed utilizing SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 suitable to the research questions, and the following results were derived. First, it was found that the servicescapes of taekwondo gyms had positive effects on customer satisfaction. Second, it was found that leader trust acted as a moderating variable in the effects of the servicescapes of taekwondo gyms on customer satisfaction, and the group with high leader trust had relatively greater effects. The conclusion obtained from these results was that the servicescapes provided by taekwondo gyms(accessibility, cooperation environment, cleanliness, and aesthetics) are more important than anything else to raise customer satisfaction with taekwondo gyms. Particularly, when leader trust is high, positive awareness of servicescapes is enhanced and also spreads to customer satisfaction, so the conclusion obtained from this was that servicescapes and leader trust led to important marketing strategies from the viewpoint of vitalization, the final objective of taekwondo gyms.

학교체육 보완프로그램 운영을 통한 태권도장의 경영성과

김두한 ( Kim Doo-han ),이도희 ( Lee Do-heui ),김병식 ( Kim Byung-shik ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2018 스포츠사이언스 Vol.35 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 태권도장이 활용하고 있는 학교체육 보완프로그램 운영을 통한 태권도장의 경영성과를 규명하는 것이었다. 전문가집단의 논의에 의해 선정된 연구 참여자들은 학교체육 보완프로그램을 최소 5년 이상 운영하고 200명 이상의 수련생을 보유하고 있는 서울 및 경기도 소재 태권도장의 사범지도자 4명이었다. 이들에게 심층면담을 활용하여 학교체육중심 프로그램의 활용에 관한 인식과 경험에 대해 의견을 수렴하여 결과를 도출하였다. 태권도장이 학교체육 보완프로그램을 실시하여 얻고자 하는 경영 성과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 추천의도 고양. 둘째, 다른 경쟁 태권도장과 비교우위 경쟁력 확보. 셋째, 기존 수련생 유지. 넷째, 기존 수련생에 의한 신규 수련생 확보이다. 태권도장이 태권도 수련 프로그램 이외에 학교체육 보완프로그램을 제공하는 이유는 태권도장의 경제적 수익창출을 우선시 하는데 따른 현상이다. 중요한 것은 태권도장이 학교체육 보완프로그램을 실행하는 것이 태권도의 정통성을 훼손한다고 폄하기에는 스포츠에 대한 대중의 요구와 그에 준하는 시대 및 환경의 변화도 매우 빠르다는 것이다. 따라서 태권도장이 학교체육 보완프로그램을 제공하는 배경이 수익창출이라 한다면 그렇게 발생된 수익을 태권도의 발전에 어떻게 환원할 것인가에 대한 연구와 산업적 노력이 수반되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of taekwondo-gym through the operation of school physical education supplement program which Taekwondo-gym uses. The participants selected by the expert group were four master in mangement of Taekwondo-gym in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do which had more than 200 students and had at least 5 years of school physical education supplement program. The results of this study were collected by using in-depth interviews. Taekwondo-Gym's management performance to be achieved through the school physical education supplement program is as follows. First, the promotion of parental referrals. Second, securing comparative competitiveness with other Taekwondo-gym. Third, maintaining existing trainees. Fourth, securing new trainees by existing trainees.Taekwondo-gym provides supplementary programs for school physical education in addition to the Taekwondo training program because it gives priority to the economic profit generation of Taekwondo master in management. The important thing is that the public demand for sports and the changes in the times and environments that are similar to it are very fast for Taekwondo-gym to imply that the implementation of school physical education supplement program undermines Taekwondo's legitimacy. Therefore, if Taekwondo-gym provides a supplementary program for school physical education, it should be accompanied by research and industrial efforts on how to return such generated profits to the development of Taekwondo.

울리히 벡 관점으로 바라본 위험사회 속 태권도 도장

신종섭 한국융합과학회 2020 한국융합과학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Pupose: This study attempts to investigate the crisis of Taekwondo gym. The purpose is to analyze the dangers of Taekwondo gym through Beck's risk society. Methods: To solve this purpose, results were derived through in-depth interviews based on the theory of risk society. Conclusion: The results of this study are as follows. First, the risk of Taekwondo's rapid growth: the side effects of risk. This has an advantage in Taekwondo's rapid growth, but it speaks of the risk of Taekwondo gym. The following is the risk of intensifying competition in Taekwondo gym: the duality of personalization. It is intensifying competition, which is caused by an excess of Taekwondo gym. This is what personalization has a greater impact. Finally, the risk of globalized Taekwondo gym: The risk is also global. The risks of Taekwondo gym in Korea appear the same throughout the world. The risk factors that appear in Taekwondo gym should be re-rationalized through reflective thinking. 연구목적: 이 연구는 시대가 변함에 있어 태권도 도장의 위기에 대해서 구명하기 위하여, Beck의 위험사회를 통해 태권도 도장의 위험을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 이러한 목적을 해결하기 위하여 위험사회론을 이론적 준거틀로 설정하고, 심층면담을 통하여 결과를 도출하였다. 결론: 이와 같이 수행된 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 고속 성장에 따른 태권도 도장의 위험: 위험의 부수효과는 태권도가 고속 성장함에 있어 장점이 있지만 이로 인해 태권도 도장의 위험이 나타남을 말하고 있다. 다음으로 태권도 도장의 경쟁심화로 인한 위험: 개인화의 양면성은 태권도 도장의 과잉현상으로 나타나는 경쟁심화에 대한 위험을 말하고 있고 이는 개인화가 더욱 크게 영향을 주는 것을 말하고 있다. 마지막으로 세계화 된 태권도 도장의 위험: 위험도 전 세계적인 것은 한국에서 나타나는 태권도 도장의 위험은 세계가 공통적으로 동일하게 나타남을 말하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 성찰적인 생각을 통해 태권도 도장에서 나타나는 위험요소를 재 합리화 시켜야 한다.

Research Regarding the Job Satisfaction of TAEKWONDO Instructors and the Revitalization of Taekwondo Center

Jinhwan Mok,Jang Kwon J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: This study was analyzed by conducting a survey of 170 leaders working at taekwondo gyms in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to find out the impact of the Taekwondo master's job satisfaction on the revitalization of the Taekwondo gym. Method: Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple regression Analysis was used on the data collected through the surverys by using the SPSS 22.0 to determine the effect between factors. The significance level for all statistics was set to 0.05. Results: First, the sub-variant analysis of the job satisfaction for Taekwondo masters, showed no statistically significant difference in gender. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in all factors depending on their educational background. Also, the guidance experience showed statistically significant differences in the factors relating to the task itself. Second, the sub-variant analysis of the Taekwondo master's gym activation (personal performance) showed no statistically significant difference in gender, but statistically significant differences showed in all factors de-pending on educational background. In addition, there have been statistically significant differences in the factors of individual performance over the course of the guidance career. Third, an analysis of the impact of job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters on the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms (management performance) showed that all factors in job satisfaction have a statistically significant impact on individual performance and painting performance related to the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms. Conclusion: The study found that the job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters has a positive impact on the re-vitalization of taekwondo gyms (management performance). We hope that the results of this study will be pro-vided as basic data for how to revitalize the Taekwondo gym, and we hope that it will help revitalize the Taek-wondo gym.

태권도 시범 수련을 통한 지도자의 지도력이 태권도 도장 교육 프로그램 변화에 미치는 영향

유동현(Yoo, Dong-Hyun),조성균(Cho, Sung-Kyun) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

With the subject of the study as Taekwondo-majored students who got a job at Taekwondo gym through demonstration teaching, this study has tried to find out what kinds of changes and influences has Taekwondo demonstration teaching on the educational programs of Taekwondo gyms that are biased toward the boyhood and younger Firstly, for recognition of educational programs in Taekwondo gyms before demonstration teaching due to disappointment in play-focused Taekwondo educational programs, there was no inconvenience to teach trainees even with less practical capabilities. Secondly, when Taekwondo demonstration was included in the educational programs of the gym after 4-month demonstration training, two participants failed to take interest of the trainees with the demonstration and was excluded from the educational programs due to their pressure and disinterest in the Taekwondo demonstration. However, the other participant took interest of the trainees, a few of whom wanted to learn. Thirdly, the trainees belonging to two participants who negatively-reacted on demonstration training were taught focused on interest rather than on break. As a result of that, the trainees took interest in Taekwon gym, through which they came to recognize the importance of basic movements and scores. The other participant with the trainee’s positive reaction was able to include Taekwondo test-kick lesson in the educational programs once a week. Fourthly, through Taekwondo demonstration educational programs, the trainees who were familiar with the gym programs focused on play and school physical education, came to take interest in gym, scores and competition programs of Taekwondo through demonstration training, which may activate adult class, they answered. In addition to that, both of the trainees who saw or learned through Taekwondo demonstration training, came to take interest in Taekwondo demonstration; it has also positively changed the awareness of Taekwondo, enlarged the number of new trainees through open test and Taekwondo demonstration, advertised Taekwondo gyms, and enhanced their competitive power.

태권도장 지도자의 경영인식 연구

김수정(Soo Jung Kim),이형일(Hyung Il Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.42

The purposes of this study are to understand administrative consciousness of Taekwondo GYM Instructor and research it through the in-depth approach. For the purposes, with cultural and technological level which is one part of qualitative studying methods, real situation of Taekwondo Instructor was examined inductively and analytically through the direct collection of materials and its results were drawn. The objects of studying were recommended by famous K Taekwondo consulting company and K Taekwondo consulting company domestically and the veteran-graded managers of Taekwondo GYM, who have administrative experiences for more than 5~10 years and maintain the members about 300~500 for more than 3 years, were chosen. The results drawn by that method are as followed. The first, the idealism attitude of dancing Instructor must to be thrown and the teaching methods such as nature education, school physical education, playing-typed physical education, etc. which were neglected as they were not like a dance in the past Taekwondo GYM must to be programmed for changing to educational contents and methods which can be used in Taekwondo GYM. The second, the service quality has to be improved through the cooperation of all kinds of Taekwondo consulting companies and Taekwondo associations. That movement can mean that smooth administration should be a tonic to Instructor of Taekwondo GYM depressed by economic slump. The third, more active attitude has to be maintained by considering the poor economic situation, crisis encountered by Taekwondo GYM and actualities of domestic Taekwondo GYM currently. In addition, the evaluation item if the administration of Taekwondo GYM coincides with the purpose of administrator or it is the constitution customers(training students and their parents) can be satisfied is necessary.