기획특집 : 사물 인터넷 ; UHF RFID기반 이동형 파이프 스풀 위치 인식 시스템 개발

김진석 ( Jin Suk Kim ),신용태 ( Yong Tae Shin ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.3 No.10

플랜트 공사 현장에서 파이프 스풀은 플랜트 설비의 가장 중요한 요소이다. 현재 플랜트 공사장에서 파이프 스풀 관리는 수기 작성을 통해 적재 위치 및 작업 내역을 관리하고 있다. 그러나 현재 현장에서는 작업자의 임의적인 파이프 스풀의 이동과 제작 또는 설치해야 할 파이프 스풀을 찾지 못했을 경우 비슷한 파이프 스풀을 가지고 와 다시 제작하는 현상이 발생하고 있다. 이에 파이프 스풀의 위치를 정확하게 알 수 없기 때문에 파이프 스풀을 찾기 위한 인건비와 시간이 소요되며, 분실에 대한 관리가 되지 않는 상황이다. 이에 파이프 스풀에 UHF RFID 태그를 부착하고 차량에 UHF RFID 리더 및 안테나를 장착하여 파이프 스풀의 위치를 찾을 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템을 활용하여 현장 테스트를 진행한 결과 98% 이상의 위치 정보 인식이 가능했으며, 손실된 2%의 미 인식 태그는 작업자에 의한 보정을 통해 100%의 관리가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 제안된 시스템 도입으로 인건비와 분실 파이프에 대한 관리가 원활하게 이루어질 뿐만 아니라 특정 공간에 적재되어있는 물품관리에도 활용될 것으로 전망한다. Pipe spool is the most important element of plant equipment in plant construction site. Currently, the plant construction site manage the pipe spool location and usage history by handwriting. Frequently, the pipe spool is moved to unpredictable places by field workers in many construction sites and in cases like this, the pipe stool is replaced with another similar pipe spool. Since it`s hard to determine the exact location of some of the pipe spools, it takes unnecessary time and labour to find the missing pipe spools, which proves that stock management is not under control. The purpose of our system is to make the identification of real-time location of the field pipes possible by attaching UHF RFID tags to the pipe spool, which will be used to connect with UHF RFID reader and antenna on vehicles. A field test conducted by the proposed system resulted in the success rate of 98% and the missing 2% was recuperated by hands-on correction, which proved that stock management through the proposed method can be 100% effective. The proposed system is expected to reduce labour costs and make stock control of assets possible, as well as applicable to similar stock management environments.

자동차 스풀의 최적 설계

한창용(Chang Yong Han),장왕진(Wang Jin Jang),이성범(Seong Beom Lee),예수해(Soo He Ye) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5

A vehicle demand is gradually increasing. Interest of people is increasingly taking a safety system to keep for life in a clash or collision accident of vehicle. Seat belts are designed to keep the vehicle passengers firmly in place during a collision or other traffic accidents. Seat belt system consists of mainly four restraining parts: D-ring, buckle, anchorage, and retractor. Retractor is the major part which controls spool-in or out of webbing according to acceleration pulse in seat belt. Currently, spool of automotive seat belt is made of Al-alloy because of light weight. In this paper, we performed solid model of spool by 3D scanner. Moreover, we performed finite element analysis of optimized spool which was under various load between webbing and spool. It is confirmed that the result values of structural analysis. In conclusion, we obtained optimized shape of automotive spool. And, we also predict fractural of spool.

유동해석을 활용한 스풀밸브 형상 최적설계

안종선(Jongsun An),최수길(Sugil Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2018 No.11

The spool valve is composed of a spool and a sleeve, and it is widely equipped with automobile injectors, an operating lever of a tractor. However, the spool valve that performs linear reciprocating motion is problematic in fluid locking. Several methods have been proposed to solve this problem, and the most representative method is a plurality of grooves are processed in the spool land. Currently, spool valves are widely used in various industrial fields, but theoretical studies of groove processing in spool valve are inadequate, mostly dependent on the experience of the processor. In this thesis, through grasping the flow characteristics along the groove shape of the spool valve, we were trying to select the optimum design specification. We compared and verified by analysis using CFD program and actual test.

스풀밸브의 중립특성 개선에 관한 연구

윤소남(S. N. Yun),정용현(Y. H. Jung),김동건(D. K. Kim),서우석(W. S. Seo),최병오(B. O Choi),이현철(H. C. Lee) 한국동력기계공학회 2006 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this study, the -l-way spool valve characteristics are clearly defined and proposed new type of spool valve. This paper presents governing equations of the flow through clearances between sleeve and spool as a model of orifice flow for null characteristic analysis, and programmed analysis software of it. This software is possible to basically analysis that not only which case of open center, closed center or critical center but +,- displacement of spool, lab position, boundary region and spool opening of the valve, and to estimate the pressure variation in the spool and external leak flow variation. We are convinced that the scale of load pressure difference is changed as lab condition of spool valve, and this scale is changed with boundary point on the annular clearance.

전산유체역학 정보 기반 스풀변위보상 저유량대역 정밀제어에 관한 실험적 연구

오시준,김고은,신현호,이승배 대한기계학회 2019 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.43 No.12

This study provides basic research on the precise flow control of a hydraulic system using the pressure input and a database. In particular, the flow characteristics in the low-flowrate range, in which the spool of the valve begins to open, are analyzed. A precise flow control based on the numerical database and measured pressure signals is implemented, and its accuracy is identified. The flow characteristics at the opening displacements of a notch installed at the end of the spool valve are expressed uisng a surface model via a CFD analysis and the experimental data. In addition, a numerical analysis of this study is performed using FLUENT 18.1. The displacement of the spool is precisely controlled by a nozzle flapper-type servo valve with a feedback controller based on the Arduino Uno software. Here, the hydraulic valve flowrate control, which uses the CFD database and valve pressure signals, can be performed within a specified accuracy. 본 논문은 유압 시스템의 압력 데이터 기반 정밀 유량 제어에 관한 실험적 연구의 결과이다. 특히 스풀 밸브 내 스풀이 열리기 시작하는 낮은 대역의 유량의 유동 특성을 분석하며, 이 결과와 압력 신호를 기반으로 정밀 유량 제어를 실현하는 데 목표가 있다. 먼저 스풀 상의 노치의 개구 변위에 따른 유동 특성은 전산 유체해석 및 실험 데이터를 통해 데이터 곡면 모델 매핑을 수행한다. 수치 해석은 상용 CFD 소프트웨어 FLUENT 18.1을 사용하였다. 스풀의 변위는 노즐 플래퍼 방식 서보 밸브를 통해 정밀하게 제어되며, 피드백 컨트롤러는 오픈소스 하드웨어인 Arduino Uno로 설계 및 구현되었다. 본 연구를 통해 CFD 분석 데이터베이스를 활용한 저 유량 범위의 유압 밸브제어가 비교적 정밀하게 가능함을 검증하였다.

캐비테이션을 고려한 스풀밸브 해석에서 Navier-Stokes 방정식과 Reynolds 방정식에 의한 비교 연구

홍성호(Sung-Ho Hong),손상익(Sang-Ik Son),김경웅(Kyung-Woong Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2013 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.29 No.5

The Reynolds equation is commonly used to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a spool valve. However, the applicability of the Reynolds equation is questionable for analyzing a spool valve because cavitation often occurs in the grooves of the valve and the depth of a groove is much higher than the clearance in most cases. In this study, the validity of the Reynolds equation in the spool valve analysis is investigated by comparing the results obtained from the Reynolds equation and those obtained from the Navier-Stokes equation. The results are compared in terms of the lateral forces, friction forces, and volume flow rates (leakages). A significant difference of more than 20% is found in the lateral forces in cases where cavitation occurs and there are many grooves. Therefore, the Navier-Stokes equation should be used to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a spool valve when cavitation occurs and when the spool valve contains many grooves.

스풀형 비례 방향/유량제어밸브의 유체력 검증법

이일영(I. Y. Lee),손제목(J. M. Son),신행복(H. B. Shin),손정훈(J. H. Son) 유공압건설기계학회 2010 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

In establishing a simulation program for hydraulic valves, it is always a big obstacle to incorporate correctly flow forces on valve body into the simulation program. This paper suggests a method to estimate flow forces on spool in proportional directional/flow control valves with spool structure. Furthermore, suggests a way to obtain simulation program for spool valves, in which flow force mechanism is fully reflected.

스파이럴 그루브가 가공된 스풀밸브의 윤활 특성 연구

홍성호(Sung-Ho Hong),손상익(Sang-Ik Son),김경웅(Kyung-Woong Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2012 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.28 No.6

In this research, spool valves with spiral grooves are suggested and their lubrication characteristics are investigated by numerical analysis. The three-dimensional flow field is obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations in dimensionless form, so that the performance variables such as lateral force, friction force and volume flow rate are determined. Also, the lubrication characteristics of spool valves with spiral grooves are compared with those with typical grooves under variable working conditions. It is shown that spool valves with spiral grooves can get better performance in aspect of mitigation of uneven pressure distribution surrounding spool. Moreover, it is found that the minimum distance between spool edges and grooves, the type of spiral groove, and the groove angle have noticeable effect on the lubrication characteristics.

스풀밸브 해석에서 Navier-Stokes 방정식과 Reynolds 방정식에 의한 비교 연구

홍성호(Sung-Ho Hong),손상익(Sang-Ik Son),김경웅(Kyung-Woong Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2012 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.28 No.5

In a spool valve analysis, the Reynolds equation is commonly used to investigate the lubrication characteristics. However, the validity of the Reynolds equation is questionable in a spool valve analysis because cavitation often occurs in the groove and the depth of the groove is much higher than the clearance in most cases. Therefore, the validity of the Reynolds equation in a spool valve analysis is investigated by comparing the results obtained from the Reynolds equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. Dimensionless parameters are determined from a nondimensional form of the governing equations. The differences between the lateral force, friction force, and volume flow rate (leakage) obtained by the Reynolds equation and those obtained by the Navier-Stokes equation are discussed. It is shown that there is little difference (less than 10%), except in the case of a spool valve with many grooves where no cavitation occurs in the grooves. In most cases, the Reynolds equation is effective for a spool valve analysis under a no cavitation condition.

굴삭기 스풀 밸브 노치 형태별 개구변위에 따른 유동특성 해석

도진영(Jinyoung Do),강만곤(Man Gon Kang),이승배(Seungbae Lee) 유공압건설기계학회 2017 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Main control valve system of an excavator consists of several types of spool valves. In particular positions, the spool valves behave in unpredicted manners under manipulation due to the fact that the flow forces acting in various shapes of notches are usually designed for the specific positions of the spool. In this paper, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, FLOW SIMULATION 2016, is used to analyze flow patterns and characteristics based on the openings of typical types of spool valve notches used in the excavator. Based on the numerical simulation, the vorticity patterns are found to change by notch openings resulting in different modes of the discharge coefficient for the spool valve system.