전기자전거 회생제동 성능평가 및 동적 안정성해석

김대규(Daegyu Kim),최성준(Sungjun Choi),김동욱(Donguk Kim),장승붕(Shengpeng Zhang),박성채(Seongchae Park),신외경,탁태오(Teaoh Tak) 대한기계학회 2018 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.42 No.6

본 논문은 전기자전거의 회생제동장치의 성능을 평가하고 회생제동토크가 주행안정성에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 다양한 주행 조건과 제동 상황에서 전기자전거의 회생제동 에너지를 측정하고 분석하여 회생제동 성능을 정량적으로 나타내는 “회생제동이득”이라는 성능지표를 제안하였다. 성능지표의 타당성과 효용성을 교통 환경, 길이, 경사도 등 조건이 서로 다른 도로에서 주행시험을 통하여 검증하였다. 조향각과 롤각의 2 자유도를 가지는 자전거의 동역학 모델을 이용하여 회생제동토크가 자전거의 주행안정성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 회생제동토크가 커질수록 저속에서 자전거가 좌우로 흔들리는 현상이 발생하여 동적안정성이 나빠진다는 것을 규명하였다. 안정성해석을 기반하여 회생제동성능과 주행안정성 모두를 고려한 새로운 방식의 회생제동토크 생성 전략을 제안하였다. This study proposes a method to evaluate the performance of an electric bicycle regenerative braking system and investigates the effect of regenerative braking on the dynamic stability of bicycles. By analyzing the electric energy regeneration of an experimental bicycle under different road and operating conditions, we propose a performance index called “regenerative braking gain” that can quantify regenerative braking performance. The validity and effectiveness of the index are verified through driving tests under different road and traffic conditions. The effects of regenerative braking torque on the dynamic stability of the bicycle are studied using a mathematical model with roll and steer degrees of freedom. Test results show that as the regenerative braking torque increases, the stability of the bicycle at low speed deteriorates because of excessive weave motion. Based on this finding, a new strategy that can enhance the regenerative braking performance of the bicycle while avoiding low speed-instability is proposed to improve the design of electric bicycle regenerative braking systems.

회생제동시스템 안전성 평가기술 개발에 관한 연구

안장모(Jangmo Ahn),조광상(Gwangsang Cho),최인성(Insung Choi),노명현(Myunghyun Roh),최선모(Sunmo Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The main purpose of this study is a development of safety evaluation technique of regenerative braking system. For development of safety evaluation technique of regenerative braking system, it has been carried out system analysis for two hybrid electric vehicles equipped with regenerative braking system. In order to determine the applicability of Korea vehicle safety regulation, it has been tested brake safety performance test according to Korea vehicle safety regulation. During the braking test, some problems were revealed. Toyota prius regenerative braking system has unique control logic to improve the fuel efficiency and braking transient region was found. Current Korea vehicle safety regulation has limitations to evaluate above system. In addition, this paper compares two kinds of regulations(ECE Reg. No. 13H and FMVSS No. 135) including regenerative braking system. The results of this paper will be used for the amendment of Korea vehicle safety regulation.

회생제동 전자제어 유압모듈을 이용한 하이브리드 차량의 에너지 회수 알고리즘 개발

여훈(H. Yeo),김현수(H. S. Kim),황성호(S. H. Hwang) 유공압건설기계학회 2008 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.5 No.4

In this paper, an energy regeneration algorithm is proposed to make the maximum use of the regenerative braking energy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) equipped with a continuous variable transmission(CVT). The regenerative algorithm is developed by considering the battery state of charge(SOC), vehicle velocity and motor capacity. The hydraulic module consists of a reducing valve and a power unit to supply the front wheel brake pressure according to the control algorithm. In order to evaluate the performance of the regenerative braking algorithm and the hydraulic module, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) is performed. In the HILS system, the brake system consists of four wheel brakes and the hydraulic module. Dynamic characteristics of the HEY are simulated using an HEY simulator. In the HEY simulator, each element of the HEY powertrain such as internal combustion engine, motor, battery and CVT is modelled using MATLAB/Simulink<SUP>®</SUP>. In the HILS, a driver operates the brake pedal with Ius or her foot while the vehicle speed is displayed on the monitor in real time. It is found from the HILS that the regenerative braking algorithm and the hydraulic module suggested in this paper provide a satisfactory braking performance in tracking the driving schedule and maintaining the battery state of charge.

전후륜 독립구동 전기자동차의 제동력 분배 최적화

김성현(Sunghyun Kim),권기한(Kihan Kwon),민승재(Seungjae Min) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2022 No.11

To extend the driving range of electric vehicles, various studies to maximize the driving efficiency such as optimization of driving force distribution are performed. Because an electric vehicle can recover energy through regenerative braking, it can be optimized to minimize energy consumption. However, because braking is directly related to the safety, it is required to achieve stable braking by distributing torque to the front and rear wheels. The maximum torque of the motor may not satisfy the required braking force, so hydraulic braking force can be required. In this study, the regenerative braking force distribution is optimized within the range of securing the braking stability of the vehicle by considering ideal braking force distribution and ECE regulations for braking. Modeling and simulation of front and rear axle independently driven electric vehicles is carried out, and the driving force and braking force are optimized. It is designed to satisfy the required braking force by the regenerative braking of the motor and support of the mechanical braking when needed. Through the WLTP cycle simulation, it is confirmed that the SOC consumption is decreased compared with the braking force distribution based on the I-Curve.

HEV의 회생제동 성능 향상을 위한 브레이크 제어알고리즘 개발

진한별(Hanbyeol Jin),허지욱(Jeewook Huh),신재현(Jaihun Shin),황성호(Sungho Hwang) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Regenerative braking is a core technology to reduce the fuel consumption in HEV. Accordingly, proper optimized control strategy is needed to maximize the efficiency of regenerative braking and ensure the stability of motor and battery. In this paper, Brake Control Logic was modeled to ensure the stability and maximum performance of regenerative braking by MA TLAB/Simulink. Brake Control Logic takes charge of distribution of braking force, regenerative braking, limited regenerative braking when driver pressed brake pedal. Brake Control Logic plays the role of control unit to improve stability, fuel consumption and performance of vehicle.

4WD HEV의 회생제동 제어로직 개발

여훈(Hoon Yeo),김동현(Donghyun Kim),김달철(Talchol Kim),김철수(Chulsoo Kim),황성호(Sungho Hwang),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.- No.-

In this paper, a regenerative braking algorithm is proposed to make the maximum use of the regenerative braking energy for an independent front and rear motor drive parallel HEV. In the regenerative braking algorithm, the regenerative torque is determined by considering the motor capacity, motor efficiency, battery SOC, gear ratio, clutch state, engine speed and vehicle velocity. To implement the regenerative braking algorithm, HEV powertrain models including the internal combustion engine, electric motor, battery, manual transmission and the regenerative braking system are developed using MATLAB, and the regenerative braking performance is investigated by the simulator. Simulation results show that the proposed regenerative braking algorithm contributes to increasing the battery SOC, which recuperates 60 percent of the total braking energy while satisfying the design specification of the control logic. In addition, a control algorithm which limits the regenerative braking is suggested by considering the battery power capacity and dynamic response characteristics of the hydraulic control module.

회생 제동 에너지 회수율 최대화 및 차량 안전성 보장을 위한 하이브리드 연료 전지 자동차의 회생 제동 협조 제어

한지훈(Jihun Han),박영진(Youngjin Park),박윤식(Youn-sik Park),유성필(Seongpil Ryu),최서호(Seo-ho Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

One of the most important control problems to improve fuel economy in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle is cooperative regenerative braking control strategy because the electric motor can convert the kinetic or potential energy into electric energy that can be stored in super-capacitor and reused. In this study, an electric motor for regenerative braking is directly connected to the front drive axle only because front-wheel drive vehicle is common for passenger vehicle. Vehicle stability can be lost in case regenerative braking torque is applied only to front wheels for maximum braking energy recovery, i.e., FCHEV might get into an unstable motion called lock-up and understeer. Therefore, we propose systematic controller guaranteeing the vehicle stability while guaranteeing maximum regenerative braking energy recovery. Upper controller generates the desired yaw moment calculated by using LQR method for following the desired the yaw rate and side slip angle. And lower controller applies optimal regenerative braking torque and mechanical braking torque independently within equality constraints (the required total longitudinal force and yaw moment) and inequality constraints (friction circle) for optimal regenerative braking energy recovery. Carsim™ computer simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

대우ADV, DV 전동차 LSRS 취급 시 회생제동 불능 개선에 관한 연구

김대성(Dae-sung Kim),조태영(Tae-young Cho),이상섭(Sang-sub Lee),최재원(Jae-won Choi) 한국철도학회 2013 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

본 연구에서는 대우ADV, DV 전동차 LSRS 취급 시 회생제동 불능 개선에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본선 운행 중 LSRS 취급 시 제동 시에 회생제동이 체결되지 않고 공기제동만 체결되어 승무원의 혼란을 야기시키며 제륜자나 디스크의 마모가 심하고 차륜의 온도가 상승하게 되어 축상(그리스)에 문제가 발생될 수도 있다. 가장 중요한 문제는 제동 시 발생되는 전기를 운행하는 다른 전동차에서 사용할 수 없다는 것이다. LSRS 취급 시 회생제동이 체결되도록 회로의 전반적이고 면밀한 검토 및 분석을 통하여 향후 LSRS 취급 시 제동 시에 회생제동 불능 현상으로 인한 제반 문제점을 해결하고자 본 연구를 시작하였다. The study on improvement of regenerative braking impossibility with handling LSRS in Daewoo ADV, DV trains. When trains are running, Handling LSRS brakes are not regenerative braking impossibility but air braking contact. Bring about confusion to a locomotive crew and It occurs to raise abrasion on disk to problem a wheel with generating temperature. What is important thing is other train can’t use electric that train makes regenerative braking. The study on resolution to problem regenerative braking impossibility when handling LSRS through check up and analysis with all circuit diagrams.

EMB를 이용한 하이브리드 차량의 회생제동 제어로직 개발

정기화(G. H. Jung),김동현(D. H. Kim),안정근(J. G. Ahn),진한별(H. B. Jin),김수병(S. B. Kim),김현수(H. S. Kim),황성호(S. H. Hwang) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, development of regenerative braking control logic for hybrid electric vehicles using electro mechanical braking system. A regenerative braking algorithm is proposed to make the maximum use of the regenerative braking energy for an independent front motor drive parallel HEV. The regenerative braking system are developed using MATLAB, and the regenerative braking performance is investigated by the simulator. Brake-by-wire systems are two concept currently favored, the electro-hydraulic system and the electro-mechanical system. This work focuses on such fully electro-mechanical brake systems, where the brake force is generated directly in the wheel-brake acture. This paper investigates the feasibility of a cascaded PI control architecture for an EMB with the intention of establishing a baseline standard against which the performance of future control schemes may be compared.

전자 브레이크를 적용한 연료전지자동차 회생제동 시스템의 신뢰성 평가기술 개발 PART-(1)

전광기(Kwangki Jeon),황현수(Hyunsoo Hwang),최성진(Sungjin Choi),양동호(Dongho Yang),황성호(Sungho Hwang),박희람(Heeram Park),최세범(Seibum Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5

The demand of the green car such as hybrid electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle and pure electric eehicle has been rising dramatically. The key part is the regenerative braking system in the energy saving technology of gren car. And electronic braking system has been developed along with the advance of the electronic control technology. The reliability about the electronic braking system is very important because it is concerned with the safety of vehicle. But the regulation of the reliability assessment test for the regenerative braking and electronic braking system is not sufficient enough. In this paper, FCEV with regenerative braking system and electronic braking system(EWB, EMB) has been modeled to develop the reliability assessment technology. With a lot of ABS brake regulations and FMEA results about the regenerative braking system and electronic braking system, the reliability assessment scenarios have been developed. This scenarios have been applied to the performance simulation and it is shown effective to evaluate the reliability of green car regenerative braking with electronic braking system.