COLLABORATIVE PROCESS PLANNING AND FLOW ANALYSIS FOR AUTOMOTIVE ASSEMBLY SHOPS

S. D. NOH,G. KIM 한국자동차공학회 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.2

To maintain competitiveness in the modern automotive market, it is important to carry out process planning concurrently with new car development processes. Process planners need to make decisions concurrently and collaboratively in order to reduce manufacturing preparation time for developing a new car. Automated generation of a simulation model by using the integrated process plan database can reduce time consumed for carrying out a simulation and allow a consistent model to be used throughout. In this research, we developed a web-based system for concurrent and collaborative process planning and flow analysis for an automotive general assembly using web, database, and simulation technology. A single integrated database is designed to automatically generate simulation models from process plans without having to rework the data. This system enables process planners to evaluate their decisions quickly, considering various factors, and easily share their opinions with others. By using this collaborative system, time and cost put into the assembly process planning can be reduced and the reliability of the process plan would be improved.

E-government Strategic Plan Implementation in Tanzania:Learning from Challenges and Experiencesfrom Kenya, Korea, India and Malaysia

Emmanuel Constantine Lupilya 서울대학교행정대학원 2015 The Korean Journal of Policy Studies Vol.30 No.2

For the past two years, the implementation of e-government strategic plan in Tanzania has been in a mixed approach resulting from lack of conceptual understanding: firstly, is the lack of a conceptual framework as a baseline for e-government strategic plan implementation. Secondly, is the mixture of understanding the two concepts, the institutional accountability and institutional ownership. The failure to understand these two concepts obscures the institutional process efforts to implement the e-government strategic plan. The study pointed out that such complexities continue to disrupt the institutional efforts in dealing with competing conflicts of interest, corruptions and delays between institutions process, resources and the enhancement of guidelines factors. Thirdly, is the idea that the implementation of the e-government strategic plan can be explained in view of mono-tasking; in a sense that tasks of developing the e-government strategic plan focusing on the guidelines, the institutional process, and enhancing the resource factors are reduced into a single task. In additional, the failure of e-government strategic plan was regarded as a linear timeline factor: for instance, there is a persisting lack of guidelines, resources and institutional process framework in the development of the specific sectorial guidelines. The aim of this research is twofold: First, is to identify factors that affect the successful implementation of the e-government strategic plan. Second is to suggest a conceptual framework for implementing the e-government strategic plan in the context of Tanzania. To do so, the current study examines these factors using a descriptive cases drawn from four countries: Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, and India. The study analyzed different models from these cited countries and suggests a spectacular method on how the e-government conceptual framework can be established within their effort of achieving the e-government strategic plan. The study concluded that a conflict of interest, IT/e-government system ownership and accountability, within the institutions and the private sector were the stumbling block to forward the implementation of the e-government strategy plan. For the success of implementing the e-government strategic plan more efficiently therefore, ties with guidelines, resources and institutional process that should be monitored by e-government task force to eliminate barriers and forge ahead to results oriented. The proposed conceptual framework is inevitable to address the problems that a parasite to the implementation of the e-government strategic plan in Tanzania.

블렌디드 러닝을 활용한 중학교 기술⋅가정 ‘청소년기 영양과 식행동’ 단원의 교수.학습과정안 개발

백희연(Baek, Hee Yeon),유세종(Yoo, Se Jong),김유경(Kim, Yookyung) 한국가정과교육학회 2021 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 청소년의 바람직한 식생활 형성을 위해 온⋅오프라인을 연계할 수 있는 ‘블렌디드 러닝’의 수업 방식을 활용하여중학교 기술⋅가정 ‘청소년기 영양과 식행동’ 단원으로 교수⋅학습과정안을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된교수⋅학습과정안은 한국교육과정평가원의 ‘분석-설계-개발-평가 및 수정’모형을 적용하였다. 블렌디드 러닝에 적합한 교과서내용을 분석하고, 차시별 주제, 교수전략, 매체 및 평가도구를 선정하여 교수⋅학습과정안을 설계하였으며 이를 활용하여 교수⋅ 학습과정안, 활동지, 평가도구를 개발하였다. 또한, 개발된 교수⋅학습과정안은 전문가 검증을 받아 수정⋅보완하였다. 본 연구의결과를 살펴보면, 블렌디드 러닝을 적용한 ‘청소년기 영양과 식행동’ 단원의 교수⋅학습과정안은 현시점에 부합성이 있는 것으로나타났으며 블렌디드 러닝을 적용한 온라인 수업에서는 학생들이 모둠 및 발표 활동을 제시하여 학습자들의 참여도 및 흥미가저하되지 않도록 구성되었다. 그리고 개발된 교수⋅학습과정안은 수업 의도에 맞게 패들렛, 띵커벨과 같은 원격수업 도구를사용하여 온라인 환경에서도 원활하게 수업이 진행되도록 개발되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 블렌디드 러닝을 활용한교수⋅학습과정안이 온라인 수업에서 청소년기인 학생들의 올바른 식생활을 실천할 수 있는 수업으로 활용될 수 있고, 더불어다양한 수업환경을 띠는 블렌디드 러닝 수업에서도 효과적으로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. This study aimed to develop a teaching-learning process plan for the ‘adolescent nutrition and dietary behavior’ unit of middle school technology and home economics through blended learning teaching method. “Analysis-Design-Development-Evaluation and Revision” model developed by Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation(KICE) was applied to developing the teaching-learning process plan. The authors analyzed subject contents suitable for blended learning, and then designed a teaching-learning process plan by selecting the topics, developing the teaching strategies, and deciding on the media and evaluation tools for each class. Based on the plan for each week, the final version of the teaching-learning process plan, handouts for activities, and evaluation tools were developed. The teaching-learning process plan was revised and supplemented based on the expert verification results. The developed teaching-learning process plan which applied blended learning method was considered suitable for the current curriculum, and the group presentation activities implimented in the online classes were found to encourage learners participation and interest. Also, the developed teaching-learning process plan could be used in the online only environment without any issues depending on the intention of the classes, by the appropriate use of distance learning tools such as Paddles or Thinkerbells. The developed teaching-learning course plan is expected to be effectively used in either online or blended learning environment, as a means of helping adolescent students improve their dietary life.

토지이용계획의 수립․결정과정에서 주민참여절차의 의의와 과제

박정훈(Park, Jeong-Hun) 경희법학연구소 2016 경희법학 Vol.51 No.1

The strong objection by related residents had been social issues: i.e., those issues are against various land development plan based on environmental problem or an invasion of local living rights, like recent governmental projects such as plan of maintenance of four rivers, Gangjung naval base in Jeju Island and etc. Furthermore, they had provoked lawsuits and they had costed gigantic national, social conflict. Violent objection and disputes against public plan of operation had been caused since there is no definite procedure of administrative plan in legal system to correspond to those causes: administration’s position, protection of right of interested persons and the process of interest mediation among citizen in the process of an establishment and decision of plan. Based on the critical mind the above, this thesis proves the critical point of plan control by traditional theory of administrative laws based on present laws related to land utilization plan and deals with a way to seek the possibility to practically establish the procedure of resident participation in the land utilization plan, and the subject of solution in the future. The ingredients of legal issues in the procedure of resident participation are the followings, analyzed and reviewed through this research. First of all, legislation control against administrative plan like land utilization plan must be weaken because of professionalism of plan. Judicature control also has limitation. According to theory and case laws, in the case of binding plan, a theory of judiciary review to adopt a principle of an order to balance as substantial standard to judge illegality of concerned plan has been established on the assumption that the court acknowledges large planning discretion and it affirms the nature of disposal of plan. However, according to the analysis on the related case laws, there was no precess to review specific review of balance. Besides, the control of planning discretion still has limitation since there is no definite difference from the theory of abuse of discretion. Here, if laws on plan concentrated on substantial laws could be converted to it concentrated on procedural law, legislative, judicature control may be comparatively easy. As a result, it guarantees the nature of public of plan, established and decided by the Administration. Next, according to the structural understanding of planning laws the above, this thesis focuses on the several points related to the procedure of residents participation as the core of planning procedure. First, residents participation in the side of ideology is different from the ordinary administrative laws of procedure as the preliminary procedure to protect rights. It tied to protection of interest on the right of property owners around concerned planning area. However, group’s interest of a living right of residents is important. Thus, its constitutional ground based on both faces: due process(a theory of right protection) and a theory of national sovereignty and residents autonomy (a theory of democracy). Consequently, in the analysis and maintenance of the procedure of residents participation of planning laws, protecting the status of residents as democratic, preliminary procedure is important in the future. Second, as a structure to regulate a public hearing and hearing on the opinion of resident is not enough for reflection of resident’s opinion, the right owner to establish plan needs to execute the present system to participate not just as a formal system, but a practical, efficient system such as every procedure the same as public hearing. Third, like case laws related to legal analysis on the procedure of residents participation of the court, the court would not judge whether it is violation of laws by the standard to assure the form of procedure, but, like Japanese case laws on the public hearing and the procedure of the submission of the opinion, it may turn to judge whether it is viol 최근정부가추진한4대강정비계획․제주강정해군기지사건등에서보듯이각종토지개발계획이 환경문제나 지역생활권 침해 등을 이유로 한 관련주민들의 강한 반대가 사회적 이슈로되었으며, 쟁송화되는등엄청난국가사회적인갈등비용을지불하였다. 공공적사업계획에관한격한반대와분쟁의근저에는계획의수립결정과정에서행정부의입장과이해관계인의 권리보호 및 시민상호간의 이해조정과정이 제대로 정립되어 있지 않다는 것이고,이를 달리말하면 그러한원인에 대응할 수있는 명확한‘행정계획절차’가 법제도적으로부재하다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 토지이용계획과 관련하여 실정법을 토대로 전통적인 행정법이론에 의한 계획통제의 한계점을 논증하고, 토지이용계획에서 주민참여절차가 실질적으로 확립될 가능성의 모색과 향후 해결과제를 연구주제로 다루었다. 이연구를통해분석․검토한주민참여절차의법리적쟁점의주요내용은다음과같다. 우선은, 토지이용계획과 같이 행정계획은 계획의 전문성으로 인해 입법적 통제가 약화될수밖에없으며, 사법적통제역시학설․판례에의해구속적계획의경우광범한‘계획재량’을인정하고계획의처분성을긍정하는전제에서당해계획의실체적위법판단기준으로형량명령원칙을 채택한다는 사법심사법리가 확립되어 있으나, 아직까지 관련판례를 분석하면구체적인 형량심사의 검토과정을 발견하기 어려우며, 재량남용법리와의 차이점도 명확하지않는 등 여전히 계획재량통제는 한계가 있다. 여기서 계획법규를 실체법적 중심에서 절차법적으로 전환할 경우 입법․사법의 통제가 비교적 용이하며, 이는 결과적으로 행정부가 수립․결정하는 계획의 공공성을 담보하는 것으로 연결된다는 점이다. 그다음으로, 이상과같은계획법의구조적이해에따라계획절차의핵심인주민참여절차와관련하여몇가지중요한부분을강조하면첫째는, 이념적측면에서주민참여는당해계획지역의 토지소유자등의 권리이익보호와도 관계되나, 또한 지역주민의 생활권적 집단이익도 중요하므로 그 헌법적 근거는 적법절차(권리보호원리) 및 국민주권․주민자치원리(민주주의원리) 양면에 기초한다는 점에서 사전적인 권리보호절차로서 일반법인 행정절차법과다르다는 점이다. 따라서 우리 계획법규의 주민참여절차의 해석․정비 등에 있어 이후에는 민주적인 사전절차로서 주민의 지위를 보장해가는 것이 중요하다. 둘째는, 현행 법제 속에 서 주민참여절차에 관한 공청회․주민의견청취 등의 규율구조는 주민의견수렴에 미비하나, 헌법적근거에따른권리보호와민주주의의실현과정으로인식하고계획수립권자는현재의 참여제도만이라도형식적으로운용할것이아니라각절차를청문회에준하는형식으로실제적․실효적제도로서실시할필요가있다. 셋째는, 법원의주민참여절차에관한법해석과관련하여지금까지우리법원이보여주었듯이절차형식보장기준에의해위법여부를판단할것이 아니라, 일본의 공청회․의견제출절차에 관한 판례에서 확인할 수 있듯이 주민참여의 본질과실질에충족하고있는지여부에따라계획절차의위법여부를판단하는법원의전향된 자세가 요구된다. 넷째는, 현 계획절차의 결점은 임의적․사실적 절차로서 각종 참여절차의 실시도 가능하므로 이를 통해 보완해가면서 점차 헌법적 가치에 부합하도록 법제를개선해야 할 것이며, 장래 과제로서 참여절차의 1회성의 문제점은 독일 연방건설법전의 2 단계절차에서 보듯이 계속적․다단계 참여구조의 대안모색을 진척시킬 필요가 있고 그 밖에 참여절차에 관한 정보공개 및 자치사무로의 이양하는 방향 등을 적극적으로 검토해야할 것이다. 끝으로, 주민참여는21세기행정전반의개혁방안으로논의되는시대적방향이라할수있고, 그런 가운데 여전히 개발행정이 국가경제에 중요부분을 차지하는 우리 현실에 비추어본다면 주민(시민)의 역량과 에너지를 행정에 적극적으로 도입하는 것만이 토지계획행정에서 각종 갈등을 조정하고 계획의 공공성을 확보하는 유일한 방안이라 할 수 있을 것이다.

토지이용계획의 수립․결정과정에서 주민참여절차의 의의와 과제

박정훈 경희대학교 법학연구소 2016 경희법학 Vol.32 No.-

최근 정부가 추진한 4대강정비계획․제주강정해군기지사건 등에서 보듯이 각종 토지개발계획이 환경문제나 지역생활권 침해 등을 이유로 한 관련주민들의 강한 반대가 사회적 이슈로 되었으며, 쟁송화되는 등 엄청난 국가사회적인 갈등비용을 지불하였다. 공공적 사업계획에 관한 격한 반대와 분쟁의 근저에는 계획의 수립결정과정에서 행정부의 입장과 이해관계인의 권리보호 및 시민상호간의 이해조정과정이 제대로 정립되어 있지 않다는 것이고, 이를 달리 말하면 그러한 원인에 대응할 수 있는 명확한 ‘행정계획절차’가 법제도적으로 부재하다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 토지이용계획과 관련하여 실정법을 토대로 전통적인 행정법이론에 의한 계획통제의 한계점을 논증하고, 토지이용계획에서 주민참여절차가 실질적으로 확립될 가능성의 모색과 향후 해결과제를 연구주제로 다루었다. 이 연구를 통해 분석․검토한 주민참여절차의 법리적 쟁점의 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 우선은, 토지이용계획과 같이 행정계획은 계획의 전문성으로 인해 입법적 통제가 약화될 수밖에 없으며, 사법적 통제 역시 학설․판례에 의해 구속적 계획의 경우 광범한 ‘계획재량’을 인정하고 계획의 처분성을 긍정하는 전제에서 당해 계획의 실체적 위법판단기준으로 형량명령원칙을 채택한다는 사법심사법리가 확립되어 있으나, 아직까지 관련판례를 분석하면 구체적인 형량심사의 검토과정을 발견하기 어려우며, 재량남용법리와의 차이점도 명확하지 않는 등 여전히 계획재량통제는 한계가 있다. 여기서 계획법규를 실체법적 중심에서 절차법적으로 전환할 경우 입법․사법의 통제가 비교적 용이하며, 이는 결과적으로 행정부가 수립․결정하는 계획의 공공성을 담보하는 것으로 연결된다는 점이다. 그 다음으로, 이상과 같은 계획법의 구조적 이해에 따라 계획절차의 핵심인 주민참여절차와 관련하여 몇 가지 중요한 부분을 강조하면 첫째는, 이념적 측면에서 주민참여는 당해 계획지역의 토지소유자등의 권리이익보호와도 관계되나, 또한 지역주민의 생활권적 집단이익도 중요하므로 그 헌법적 근거는 적법절차(권리보호원리) 및 국민주권․주민자치원리(민주주의원리) 양면에 기초한다는 점에서 사전적인 권리보호절차로서 일반법인 행정절차법과 다르다는 점이다. 따라서 우리 계획법규의 주민참여절차의 해석․정비 등에 있어 이후에는 민주적인 사전절차로서 주민의 지위를 보장해가는 것이 중요하다. 둘째는, 현행 법제 속에서 주민참여절차에 관한 공청회․주민의견청취 등의 규율구조는 주민의견수렴에 미비하나, 헌법적 근거에 따른 권리보호와 민주주의의 실현과정으로 인식하고 계획수립권자는 현재의 참여제도만이라도 형식적으로 운용할 것이 아니라 각 절차를 청문회에 준하는 형식으로 실제적․실효적 제도로서 실시할 필요가 있다. 셋째는, 법원의 주민참여절차에 관한 법해석과 관련하여 지금까지 우리 법원이 보여주었듯이 절차형식보장기준에 의해 위법여부를 판단할 것이 아니라, 일본의 공청회․의견제출절차에 관한 판례에서 확인할 수 있듯이 주민참여의 본질과 실질에 충족하고 있는지 여부에 따라 계획절차의 위법여부를 판단하는 법원의 전향된 자세가 요구된다. 넷째는, 현 계획절차의 결점은 임의적․사실적 절차로서 각종 참여절차의 실시 ... The strong objection by related residents had been social issues: i.e., those issues are against various land development plan based on environmental problem or an invasion of local living rights, like recent governmental projects such as plan of maintenance of four rivers, Gangjung naval base in Jeju Island and etc. Furthermore, they had provoked lawsuits and they had costed gigantic national, social conflict. Violent objection and disputes against public plan of operation had been caused since there is no definite procedure of administrative plan in legal system to correspond to those causes: administration’s position, protection of right of interested persons and the process of interest mediation among citizen in the process of an establishment and decision of plan. Based on the critical mind the above, this thesis proves the critical point of plan control by traditional theory of administrative laws based on present laws related to land utilization plan and deals with a way to seek the possibility to practically establish the procedure of resident participation in the land utilization plan, and the subject of solution in the future. The ingredients of legal issues in the procedure of resident participation are the followings, analyzed and reviewed through this research. First of all, legislation control against administrative plan like land utilization plan must be weaken because of professionalism of plan.  Judicature control also has limitation. According to theory and case laws, in the case of binding plan, a theory of judiciary review to adopt a principle of an order to balance as substantial standard to judge illegality of concerned plan has been established on the assumption that the court acknowledges large planning discretion and it affirms the nature of disposal of plan. However, according to the analysis on the related case laws, there was no precess to review specific review of balance. Besides, the control of planning discretion still has limitation since there is no definite difference from the theory of abuse of discretion. Here, if laws on plan concentrated on substantial laws could be converted to it concentrated on procedural law, legislative, judicature control may be comparatively easy. As a result, it guarantees the nature of public of plan, established and decided by the Administration. Next, according to the structural understanding of planning laws the above, this thesis focuses on the several points related to the procedure of residents participation as the core of planning procedure. First, residents participation in the side of ideology is different from the ordinary administrative laws of procedure as the preliminary procedure to protect rights. It tied to protection of interest on the right of property owners around concerned planning area. However, group’s interest of a living right of residents is important. Thus, its constitutional ground based on both faces: due process (a theory of right protection) and a theory of national sovereignty and residents autonomy (a theory of democracy). Consequently, in the analysis and maintenance of the procedure of residents participation of planning laws, protecting the status of residents as democratic, preliminary procedure is important in the future. Second, as a structure to regulate a public hearing and hearing on the opinion of resident is not enough for reflection of resident’s opinion, the right owner to establish plan needs to execute the present system to participate not just as a formal system, but a practical, efficient system such as every procedure the same as public hearing. Third, like case laws related to legal analysis on the procedure of residents participation of the court, the court would not judge whether it is violation of laws by the standard to assure the form of procedure, but, like Japanese case laws on the public hearing and the procedure of the submission of the opinion, it may turn to judge whether it is violation ...

2030서울플랜의 수립환경 변화와 시민참여

강희용 ( Kang Hee-yong ),이명훈 ( Lee Myeong-hun ) 한국도시재생학회 2015 도시재생 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is to suggest the meaning of the Citizen- Participation on the urban comprehensive planning process in case of the 2030 Seoul Plan which planned in 2014. This Study includes that an analysis on the legal & institutional change of the urban comprehensive planning environment focusing on the Revision of the National Land Planning and Utilization Act in 2009, and the Amendment of Planning Guideline for Local Government on the urban comprehensive plan in 2012. Also study on the role of the 4 participating groups as like the Metro Seoul Government, Council of the Metro Seoul City, Expert panel, and Citizens on every stage of the process of planning the 2030 Seoul Plan. The results of study shows that the shift of paradigm of citizen-participation in the planning process with the Seoul Mayoral Election 2011. It brought interactive administration from the regulatory administration with the new spirit of the times. However, there are some conflict between Council and the Citizens concerning the citizen representation. Study suggests it needs some establishment of relationship on the planning process. To overcome the unstable status of the urban comprehensive plan, the study suggests the wider citizen-participation in the planning process. Above all, to make the urban comprehensive plan’s status enhance, it needs 'procedural legitimacy' and 'democracy' with a citizen-participation and harmony with the experts' professionalism focusing on the planning as a procedures not a results.

Knowledge-enriched Process FMEA Model for Process Planning

Zheng, Lian-yu,Chin, Kwai-sang,Wei, Li 한국품질경영학회 2002 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.3 No.1

Most process FMEA systems in the market simply fill out the worksheet/form, and can not effectively express, organize, and utilize process failure knowledge of production process during process planning. This paper proposes a knowledge-enriched representation model for enhancing process FMEA in process planning. This model can effectively represent the process FMEA knowledge other than specific process failure instances or data. Furthermore, in order to effectively utilize the previous process FMEA knowledge, an algorithm is proposed to calculate the similarity among process failure problems based on “concept distance”. A knowledge-enriched process FMEA tool has been developed by adopting Web technique so as to provide cooperative process FMEA services for process planner on the Internet or Intranet.

Risk Management Plan for SAFETY of Sport Facilities in Republic of KOREA

Shin Hong-bum,Choi Hwan-suk J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.2 No.2

As growing the size of sport industry, every person has witnessed a dramatic rise in the popularity of various forms of sport activities such as fitness, water sport, outdoor sport, bike, ball games, etc. Participation in sport programs is a natural way for most people to be physically active, and the opportunities to take part in organized sports have increased markedly during the last decades. However, participation in sport activities increases the risk of sports and facility-related injuries because risks are inherent in sport and even the safest programs can never avoid accidents and injuries. As the increase in participation of sport activities over the years, it is widely believed that sports injuries are becoming more and more prevalent - across all age groups in nationwide. With-out the well-developed risk management plans, however, poorly run programs could result in a negative reputa-tion as well as a financial loss for the organizations. The use of appropriate risk management strategies is the best way to reduce the risk from occurring in the first place. According to the previous study, existing a formal risk management plan in sport organization can reduce the injury rates of participants and improve quality of service for participants of sport programs. In addition, a risk management plan can reduce money paid for loss claims as well as maintain the safety of services. Therefore, the purpose of study is to explore the impact of risk management, to discuss risk assessment and analysis, to addresses the need for risk assessment at sport facilities, and finally to describe the sport-specific risk management plan(RMP) developed while conducting research through the literatures for sport professions to reduce the risks and hazards anticipated in so that the sport organizations could avoid unforeseeable litigation, defamation, financial loss, accidents and injuries of personnel. The D.I.M. process should be used as an effective way to establish a proper risk management plan that will assist organizations in decreasing unwanted losses. This process consists of three steps as follows: 1) developing RMP, 2) implementing RMP, and 3) managing RMP. Developing a risk management plan, the first step of the D.I.M. process consists of three detailed stages: 1) Identifying risks, 2) Classifying risks, and 3) selecting methods of treatment for the risks. The next step in the D.I.M. process consists of implementing the risk management plan. Implementation means communication with all employees and the risk manager should impart to them that communication is critically important in order to put the risk management plan into practice. The final compo-nent of the D.I.M. process is to manage the RMP. In the managing the RMP step, hiring or selection of a risk manager or a risk management committee, providing the risk manager or committee with the authority to lead, and providing employees with the opportunity for continual input into the RMP are executed. The last process for RMP is risk management audit to review their process through a good feedback system. A risk management audit is a formal review of the plan that attempts to cover all pertinent legal aspects of the organization. Managing risk is to make the question “What if” and always have an answer for it. Sport related facility su-pervisors, program providers, or instructors have the responsibility to follow policies, consider all possible risks or take precautions and appropriate safety measures in order to reduce financial or personnel risks.

Evaluation and Redesign of Semester Learning Plan to Improve the Effectiveness Business Process (Case Study: Telkom University)

Titok Aji Cakra,Rokhman Fauzi,Rachmadita Andreswari 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Telkom University is a private educational institution that implements an academic portal called iGracias to serve the needs of students, lecturers, employees, and parents/guardians of students, especially in providing campus information quickly and widely and up-to-date. One of the most important processes in iGracias is the Semester Learning Plan process, from managing the PLO Master to managing the Detailed RPS approval. Based on 2020 data obtained from the PuTI (Information Technology Center) Telkom University, there were 1931 access logs on iGracias related to the Semester Preparation Plan process in the Information Systems study program at Telkom University. Seeing this, it is necessary to analyze and improve the Semester Learning Plan process so that it can increase the effectiveness of time and activities in the process. This redesign process uses the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and the Bizagi Application as a simulation tool for both existing business processes and targeted business processes. From the simulation, the time required for existing business processes is 109948,2678 hours with a total of 12 activities. While the targeting business process resulted in only 42791,07528 hours to complete 11 activities.

과정 중심 평가를 위한 중학교 가정과 교수⋅학습과정안 개발: 생애설계 단원을 중심으로

고은미(Ko, Eun Mi),허영선(Heo, Young Sun),채정현(Chae, Jung Hyun) 한국가정과교육학회 2021 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 가정과 생애설계 관련 단원을 중심으로 과정 중심 평가를 위한 교수·학습과정안을 설계·개발하고,이를 적용하여 실행한 뒤 피드백 방안을 제안하고 참여관찰 및 면담을 통해 이 수업을 평가하는 데 있다. 학생 성찰일지, 교사의수업일지, 참여관찰 일지, 면담, 수행과제물 등을 수집･분석하여 학생에 대한 피드백, 수업 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자한다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 추출된 학습주제를 기반으로 개발된 교수·학습과정안은 “내가 원하는 인생을 살기 위해 나는 무엇을 해야 있는가?”라는실천적 문제 하에 4가지 학습주제를 2차시씩 총 8차시를 개발하였다. 5가지의 평가주제로 포트폴리오를 구성하며 구술·발표,관찰평가, 자기평가, 동료평가의 방법을 적용하였다. 둘째, 수업 과정 중 교사의 피드백, 동료 학습자 간 피드백, 결과물을 통한피드백 방안 및 이를 기록하는 방안을 제안하였다. 셋째, 관찰일지 및 면담 등 수집된 자료 분석을 통해 수업 이후 수업 참여학생은 과정 중심 평가의 필요성을 인식하였으며, 노력하는 과정을 평가받으니 수업 참여가 높아졌고, 피드백을 통해 배움이확장되었으며, 자신의 미래에 한걸음 나아가는 학습 성장을 경험하였다고 평가하였다. 교사는 피드백을 통한 수업이 수업 단원과역량 함양에 적합하였으나 피드백의 어려움을 단점으로 제시하였다. 과정 중심 평가를 위해 평가에 대한 인식의 변화를 통해온·오프라인에서 피드백이 가능한 다양한 방안과 단원과 대상을 확대한 후속연구가 필요할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a teaching-learning process plan for process-based assessment, focusing onthe unit related to life design in middle school home economics(HE: Home Economics part of ｢Technology and Home Economics｣),to propose a feedback plan after implementing it, and to evaluate the plan through participatory observation and interviews. Thestudent reflection journals, teacher s class journals, participatory observation journals, interviews, and performance tasks, werecollected and analyzed to provide foundational date to be utilized for feedback to students, and class improvement. The research results are as follows: First, the developed teaching-learning process plan consists of a total of 8 sessions, i.e. 2 sessions for each of the four learning themes, under the practical question of “What should I do to live the life I want?” Theportfolio was composed of five evaluation topics and for evaluation, oral presentation, observational evaluation, self-assessment,and peer evaluation were considered. Second, during the class, feedback from teachers, feedback from fellow students, feedbackthrough results, and a plan to record them were provided. Third, from the analysis of collected data including observation journalsand interviews, it was apparent that the students recognized the necessity of process-based assessment after the class, and studentsacknowledged that through the process-based evaluation in which they are evaluated on the efforts they made and provided withfeedbacks, they participated more in class, and it lead them to experience a sense of growth and a feeling that they took a stepforward into their future. Teachers suggested that the class through feedback was suitable for the unit and the capacity of theclass, but the difficulty they experienced in giving feedback was presented as a disadvantage. For the process-based assessment,follow-up research is needed on various ways to provide feedback on-line and off-line through changes in the perception of assessment.