설계도서 전수조사를 통한 소방시설분야 성능위주설계 현황조사

전은구,배영훈,안성호,황철홍,홍원화,최준호 한국화재소방학회 2019 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.33 No.5

In Korea, the relevant laws and regulations for fire safety in buildings have been revised. Since 2011, Performance-basedDesign has been conducted for large-scale or high-rise buildings. However, the Korea’s performance-based design is stillat a level where life safety evaluation using fire and evacuation simulation tools is compared with existing methods. Although related studies have been conducted continuously for the mandatory performance-based design, the fact that it isrelatively unsatisfactory for design and construction of fire-fighting facilities as it mainly focuses on administrative andinstitutional improvement measures or computer simulation. This study collected 91 performance-based design documentsthat were carried out nationwide at the initial stage of implementation until 2016 to analyze the status of performance-baseddesign of fire-fighting facilities. As a result, fire-fighting facilities, except for fire extinguish system facilities, were notproperly designed for performance. Furthermore, the designers found that if corresponding facilities or higher-levelequipment with upgraded performance is additionally installed, the performance-based design fared well compared to theexisting the prescriptive-based design. 우리나라에서는 건축물의 화재안전을 확보하기 위해 관련 법령을 개정하여 2011년 이후 대규모 특정소방대상물을 대상으로 성능위주설계를 시행하고 있다. 하지만 아직 우리나라 성능위주설계는 기존의 방식과 비교해보았을 때화재·피난 시뮬레이션을 통한 인명안전성평가가 추가된 수준에 그치고 있다. 성능위주설계 의무화 이전부터 관련 연구 또한 지속적으로 이루어져 왔으나 주로 행정·제도적 개선방안이나 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 치우쳐 소방시설의 설계나 시공 등과 관련된 내용에 대해서는 상대적으로 아쉬움이 큰 것도 사실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 시행 초기단계인 2016년까지 전국적으로 수행된 91편의 성능위주설계 사전심의도서를 수집하여 소방시설에 대한 성능위주설계현황을 분석하여 문제점을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 소화설비를 제외한 소방시설들은 성능위주설계가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있었고, 설계자들은 기존의 법규위주설계에 비해 추가적으로 해당설비를 더 설치하거나 업그레이드된 성능을 가진 상위설비를 설치하면 성능위주설계를 수행하였다는 판단을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

사고 영향 분석을 이용한 성능위주의 내화설계

한동훈,이종호 한국안전학회 2004 한국안전학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Performance based design is a recent evolutionary step in the process of designing fire protection systems. In essence, it is a logical design process resulting in a solution that achieves a specified performance. Sometimes the prescriptive solutions presented in various codes and standards are too expensive or inflexible. Often the solutions do not fit a particular situation very well. In such cases, performance based design offers a wider variety of possible solutions and enables optimization of a solution for cost and function. In this study, performance based design was carried out to determine the extent of passive fire protection for oil terminal facilities. The results of performance based design were compared with those of prescriptive code based design. Performance based design is not always more economic than prescriptive code based design but provides more reliable and effective design that is fit for the purpose.

성능위주소방설계의 법적문제 및 개선방안

이종영,백옥선 한국화재소방학회 2010 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.24 No.1

The buildings relevant to the law should be designed performance-based necessarily according to “Fire-Fighting System Installation Business Act” amended, January 1. 2009. Performance based design means that building design reflects structure, size, purpose, and building capacity to achieve the most effective design of fire-fighting system. Performance based design has meaning to buildings that it is insufficient to control fire-fighting by previous law-oriented design or inappropriate by uniform design, because of buildings becoming bigger and higher. However, it is difficult to implement the system actually, because laws relevant to fire-fighting prescribe only the object and the required qualifications of performance based design, but they don’t have rules to enforce performance based design for specific parts. This study suggests improvements for a desirable implementation of performance based design in legal aspects, by analyzing the current legal regulations related to performance based design. 2009년 1월 1일부터 개정 「소방시설공사업법」의 시행에 따라 일정한 건축물의 경우에는 반드시 성능위주소방설계를 하여야 한다. 성능위주소방설계는 구조·면적·용도·수용인원 등 건축물의 특성을 반영하여 가장 효율적으로 소방안전을 달성하고자 하는 설계이다. 성능위주소방설계는 일반적인 소방대상물에 비해 규모나 구조에서 특성이 있는 건축물로서 “국가화재안전기준”으로 대표되는 사양위주설계로 화재안전을 담보할 수 없거나 획일적인 소방설계를 하는 것이 부적합한 건축물 등에 있어 의미가 있다. 그러나 소방관련 법령에서는 성능위주소방설계의 의무대상물과 설계자격만을 규정하고 있고, 성능위주소방설계제도를 시행하기 위한 그 밖의 구체적인 사항에 관한 규정을 두지 않고 있기 때문에 실제 시행상의어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 성능위주소방설계와 관련하여 현행법령을 분석함으로써 성능위주소방설계제도의 바람직한 시행을 위한 법제도적 개선방안을 제시한다.

성능위주설계를 위한 화재감지기배치의 공학적연구

박동하 한국화재소방학회 2010 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.24 No.1

Placement method for fire detectors prescribed in current fire safety regulation is just about placing a prescribed number of detectors according to the areas. However, this regulation has no scientific basis and standards from foreign countries are just introduced and fire detectors are installed complying with them. There are two standards in designing fire protection systems; Prescriptive-Based Design that follows stipulated regulations like fire safety standards and Performance-Based Design based on engineering knowledge such as fire dynamics, structural dynamics, mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, and thermo dynamics. Recently, Fire Protection System Construction Business Act was revised so that fire protection systems can be designed using Performance-Based Design method ('05. 8. 4), though the method has not activated until now. In addition, the enforcement decree defines the range for specific objects of fire protection to which Performance-Based Design is applied ('07, 1. 24). At the moment, by manufacturing simulator so that formulas can be introduced and calculated with software in order to install fire detector of automatic fire detection systems keeping optimized distance, comparing the results with the state of fire detector placed according to Performance-Based Design and analyzing them, this study was intended to settle Performance-Based Design method in the future. 현재의 화재안전기준에서 규정하는 화재감지기의 배치방법은 면적에 따라 규정된 숫자를 적정하게 배치하는 수준이다. 이 기준은 과학적인 근거는 가지고 있지 못하다. 외국의 기준을 도입하여 그에 따라서 설치하고 있을 뿐이다. 소방시설을 설계하는 방법에는 화재안전기준과 같이 명문화 된 규정에 따르는 규범위주설계(Prescriptive-based)와 화재역학, 구조역학, 재료역학, 유체역학, 열역학 등 공학적 지식을 바탕으로하는 성능위주설계(Performance-based design)가 있다. 현재로서는 성능위주설계가 활성화 되지 않았지만,최근 소방시설공사업법은 성능위주설계방법을 이용하여 소방시설을 설계 할 수 있도록 개정('05. 8. 4)되었으며 그 시행령('07, 1. 24)에서 성능위주설계를 적용할 특정소방대상물의 범위를 정하고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 자동화재탐지설비의 화재감지기를 최적의 위치 및 거리에 설치하기 위하여 그에 대한 공식의 도입과공식을 Software로 계산할 수 있도록 시뮬레이터를 제작하여 계산하고 규범위주설계에 따라 배치한 화재감지기의 상태와 비교 분석하며 향후 성능위주설계 방법으로서 정착시키기 위하여 연구를 시도하였다.

Integrated analysis model for assessing CO₂ emissions, seismic performance, and costs of buildings through performance-based optimal seismic design with sustainability

Park, Hyo Seon,Hwang, Jin Woo,Oh, Byung Kwan Elsevier 2018 Energy and buildings Vol.158 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An integrated sustainable seismic analysis model is developed to investigate the relationships of CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions, the seismic performance, and material production costs of seismic design schemes of buildings. In this study, a green seismic analysis model is presented in the form of performance-based optimal seismic design with sustainability (PBODS) that considers the economic feasibility, environmental sustainability, and seismic performance of a building based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) data subject to various performance objectives prescribed in performance-based seismic engineering. This analysis model is applied to reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, which comprise two heterogeneous materials—concrete and steel—that have different environmental impacts and thus have a high potential for CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission mitigation. In the PBODS method presented in this study, CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions, material production costs, and the coefficient of variation (COV) of the inter-story drift ratio, which reflects the seismic performance, are set as the objective functions, and optimal designs that can minimize these three objective functions. The optimal designs for a 4-story and a 10-story RC buildings are then evaluated with respect to environmental sustainability, economic feasibility, and seismic performance using the presented integrated analysis model. Furthermore, the proposed model is used to quantitatively investigate the variations in CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions and material production costs depending on variations in the performance objectives.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An integrated sustainable seismic analysis model for evaluating environmental impacts of seismic designs of buildings for various performance objectives is presented. </LI> <LI> In the model, a green seismic analysis model is presented in the form of performance-based optimal seismic design with sustainability (PBODS) to derive optimal design schemes. </LI> <LI> Environmental impacts and costs of low- and mid-rise buildings are quantitatively analyzed depending on performance objectives. </LI> <LI> Dominant design constraints for PBODS are examined according to the building size and performance objective. </LI> </UL> </P>

Performance-based seismic analysis and design of code-exceeding tall buildings in Mainland China

Jiang, Huanjun,Lu, Xilin,Zhu, Jiejiang Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.43 No.4

Design codes provide the minimum requirements for the design of code-compliant structures to ensure the safety of the life and property. As for code-exceeding buildings, the requirements for design are not sufficient and the approval of such structures is vague. In mainland China in recent years, a large number of code-exceeding tall buildings, whether their heights exceed the limit for the respective structure type or the extent of irregularity is violated, have been constructed. Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach has been highly recommended and become necessary to demonstrate the performance of code-exceeding tall buildings at least equivalent to code intent of safety. This paper proposes the general methodologies of performance-based seismic analysis and design of code-exceeding tall buildings in Mainland China. The PBSD approach proposed here includes selection of performance objectives, determination of design philosophy, establishment of design criteria for structural components and systems consistent with the desirable and transparent performance objectives, and seismic performance analysis and evaluation through extensive numerical analysis or further experimental study if necessary. The seismic analysis and design of 101-story Shanghai World Financial Center Tower is introduced as a typical engineering example where the PBSD approach is followed. The example demonstrates that the PBSD approach is an appropriate way to control efficiently the seismic damage on the structure and ensure the predictable and safe performance.

디자인 경영역량은 기업의 생존에 왜 필수적인가? - 자원준거관점에 기초한 전략유형, 경영성과와의 인과관계 검증 -

우경훈,김면 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 그간 전략경영연구 분야, 디자인 경영 관련 연구 분야의 연구 동향 분석을 통해 선행연구의 한계점을보완하기 위해 디자인 경영역량, 전략유형, 경영성과 간 인과관계를 구체적으로 실증하는 데 목적을 갖고 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 국내에서 사업을 영위하고 있는 기업체 526개사이다. 이들 조사 대상 업체는 광역지자체별사업체 수에 비례해 표집하였다. 선행연구 고찰을 통해 본 연구의 주요 변수인 디자인 경영역량, 전략유형, 경영성과의 3가지 변수, 그리고 인구사회학적 특성에 관한 설문문항을 추가하여 총 37문항으로 구성된 구조화된설문지 제작 후 사전조사를 거쳐 설문지 확정하였고, 리서치 전문기관에 의뢰하여 2018년 5월부터 6월까지 2 개월간 설문조사를 실시하여 분석 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구의 주된 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1)디자인 경영역량이 전략유형에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 디자인 경영역량의 하위요인 중 기본/특성화기술요인과 제3자참여요인은 전략유형에 유의수준 .05에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 2)디자인 경영역량이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 디자인 경영역량의 하위요인 중 기본/특성화기술요인과 조직적변경요인은 재무적 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기본/특성화기술요인, 조직적변경요인, 혁신기술요인은 고객 관점 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 3)전략유형이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 전략유형은 경영성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석 결과를 토대로 본연구는 자원준거관점에 입각해 기업체가 효과적인 디자인 경영전략을 수립하는 데 실무적으로 활용 가능한 3가지 전략 적용 방안을 도출해 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to substantiate specific causal relationship among design management competency, strategy type, and management performance in order to overcome the limitations of the preceding studies based on the analysis of research trends in the fields of studies related to strategic management and design management. The subjects of this study were 526 corporations carrying on business across the country. These companies were sampled in proportion to the number of businesses by local governments. The questionnaire was finally confirmed through preliminary investigation after designing the structured questionnaire of a total of 37 questions about design management competency, strategic type, management performance, and demographic characteristics based on consideration of the preceding studies. The survey, commissioned to a professional research agency, was conducted for 2 months from May to June, 2018 and the data were collected for analyses. Major results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The effect of design management competency on strategy type was verified, and the results showed that the basic/specialized skill factor and third-party participation factor, the sub-factors of design management competency, had a significant effect on strategy type at a significance level of .05. 2) The effect of design management competency on management performance as verified, and the results suggested that the basic/specialized skill factor and organizational change factor, the sub-factors of design management competency, had a significant effect on financial performance. Moreover, the basic/specialized skill factor, organizational change factor, and innovative technology factor had a significant effect on the performance from customers' viewpoint. 3) The effect of strategy type on management performance was verified, and the results showed that the strategy type had a significant effect on the management performance. Based on aforesaid results, this study derived and proposed the 3 types of the measures for applying the strategies that corporations could implement practically to map out effective design management strategies from the resource-based view.

Performance Based Seismic Design State of Practice, 2012 Manila, Philippines

Sy, Jose A.,Anwar, Naveed,HtutAung, Thaung,Rayamajhi, Deepak Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2012 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.1 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to present the state of practice being used in the Philippines for the performance-based seismic design of reinforced concrete tall buildings. Initially, the overall methodology follows "An Alternative Procedure for Seismic Analysis and Design of Tall Buildings Located in the Los Angeles Region, 2008", which was developed by Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council. After 2010, the design procedure follows "Tall Buildings Initiative, Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings, 2010" developed by Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). After the completion of preliminary design in accordance with code-based design procedures, the performance of the building is checked for serviceable behaviour for frequent earthquakes (50% probability of exceedance in 30 years, i.e,, with 43-year return period) and very low probability of collapse under extremely rare earthquakes (2% of probability of exceedance in 50 years, i.e., 2475-year return period). In the analysis, finite element models with various complexity and refinements are used in different types of analyses using, linear-static, multi-mode pushover, and nonlinear-dynamic analyses, as appropriate. Site-specific seismic input ground motions are used to check the level of performance under the potential hazard, which is likely to be experienced. Sample project conducted using performance-based seismic design procedures is also briefly presented.

파라메트릭 설계를 적용한 에너지 저감형 오피스 외피 최적 설계안

김종현 ( Kim Jonghyun ),김진호 ( Kim Jinho ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.1

(연구배경 및 목적) 최근 기후변화와 자원의 고갈 등으로 인한 환경 문제는 전 세계가 당면한 심각한 문제이다. 정부는 에너지절감 계획과 구체적인 실천방안에 대한 정책을 수립 및 추진 중이다. 특히 건축물 외피의 경우 창호 성능개선, 단열보강, 외부차양 설치 등을 통한 에너지 소비량 절감이 우선 과제로 제안되고 있다. 본 디자인에서는 고층건축물 외피 설계에 있어 전면 유리 커튼월로 사용하는 비율이 점차 증가함에 따라 외피의 열 손실로 인한 에너지 소비량을 절감하는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이에 따라 실시간으로 환경성능 검토가 가능한 파라메트릭 디자인을 활용하여 에너지 성능 분석을 통한 새로운 친환경 외피 설계 최적화 방안을 제안하고자 한다. (연구방법) 고층건축물이 밀집한 대상지를 선정하고, 해당 건축물의 에너지 소비량 절감을 위한 배치, 평면, 입면을 계획한다. 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 외피 모듈 조건을 분석하여 최적화된 외피 설계안을 도출한다. 이를 위해 파라메트릭 디자인 툴인 라이노 (Mcneel Rhino)와 그라스하퍼(Grasshopper 3D), 그라스하퍼의 에드온(Add-On)인 레이디벅(Ladybug) 프로그램을 활용한다. 먼저 레이디벅을 활용하여 배치, 평면, 입면에 따른 에너지 성능 분석을 통해 최적화된 매스형태를 결정한다. 그리고 각 향의 외피와 인근 건축물의 영향이 반영된 일사량의 영역별 소비량을 파악하여 외피 최적 설계안을 제안한다. (결과) 도출된 디자인은 외피 디자인을 비롯하여 대상지에 계획하는 건축물이 가지는 문제점들에 대한 해결방안을 포함하는 설계안이다. 먼저 에너지 성능 분석을 통해 도출된 배치, 평면, 입면이 적용된 유리 커튼월 시스템을 도입하여 입면의 일사 조건별 적용 범위에 최적화된 차양계획을 적용한다. 실내가 아닌 외부차양 시스템을 활용하여 직사광선이 건축물 유리에 열전도가 되기 전에 차단 가능한 가장 효과적인 방법을 도출하였다. (결론) 본 디자인에서는 건축물의 배치, 평면, 입면 형태별 기준 모델을 바탕으로 개념설계단계에서 건축물의 에너지 효율적인 최적의 외피 설계 프로세스를 제시하였다. 더 나아가 개념설계 단계에 적합한 에너지 효율적인 디자인 전략과 초기 형태 대안의 기준 모델을 기반으로 고층건축물의 에너지 효율적인 형태제안 방법론을 정립하였으며, 에너지 효율적인 건축물의 형태제안 시스템의 개발 방향을 제안한다. (Background and Purpose) The recent environmental problems caused by climate change and the depletion of resources are serious problems facing the world. The government establishes and implements policies on energy saving plans and concrete measures. In particular, priority has been given to improving the performance of windows and doors, reinforcing insulation and installing louver system. In this design, we found that the ratio of using the outer skin as the curtain wall in the design of high-rise buildings is gradually increasing. This results in heat loss of the shell and increased energy consumption. This design utilizes parametric for real-time environmental performance review. In addition, we propose a new environmentally friendly envelope design optimization method through energy performance analysis. (Method) First, select the site where high-rise buildings are concentrated. Then plan layouts, floor plans, and elevations to reduce the energy consumption of the building. Based on the results, the condition of the shell module is analyzed to derive the optimized facade design. Utilize the parametric design tools Rhino, Grasshopper and Ladybug. we use Ladybug to analyze energy performance according to layout, plane and elevation. The resulting results determine the optimal mass. In addition, we plan the louver system the amount of insolation in each area, which reflects the facade of each incense and the influence of nearby buildings. The proposed facade is a sunshade system tha t encloses the glass curtain wall part to effectively absorb direct sunlight, providing easy temperature control inside the building. (Results) The derived design is a design plan that includes the facade design and the solution to the problems of the projected building. A glass curtain wall system with layouts, planes, and elevations derived from energy performance analysis is introduced to apply the sunshade plan optimized for the application of the solar condition of the facade. An external louver system was used to derive the most effective way to block direct sunlight before it became thermally conductive to the building glass. (Conclusions) In this design, based on the reference model for the layout, floor plan, and elevation of the building, the design process of the energy-efficient optimal facade design was presented at the conceptual design stage. Furthermore, the energy-efficient form proposal methodology of high-rise buildings is established based on the energy-efficient design strategy suitable for the conceptual design stage and the reference model of the initial form alternative. In addition, we propose the development direction of the form proposal system of energy efficient buildings.

Performance-based seismic analysis and design of code-exceeding tall buildings in Mainland China

Huanjun Jiang,Xilin Lu,Jiejiang Zhu 국제구조공학회 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.43 No.4

Design codes provide the minimum requirements for the design of code-compliant structures to ensure the safety of the life and property. As for code-exceeding buildings, the requirements for design are not sufficient and the approval of such structures is vague. In mainland China in recent years, a large number of code-exceeding tall buildings, whether their heights exceed the limit for the respective structure type or the extent of irregularity is violated, have been constructed. Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach has been highly recommended and become necessary to demonstrate the performance of code-exceeding tall buildings at least equivalent to code intent of safety. This paper proposes the general methodologies of performance-based seismic analysis and design of code-exceeding tall buildings in Mainland China. The PBSD approach proposed here includes selection of performance objectives, determination of design philosophy, establishment of design criteria for structural components and systems consistent with the desirable and transparent performance objectives, and seismic performance analysis and evaluation through extensive numerical analysis or further experimental study if necessary. The seismic analysis and design of 101-story Shanghai World Financial Center Tower is introduced as a typical engineering example where the PBSD approach is followed. The example demonstrates that the PBSD approach is an appropriate way to control efficiently the seismic damage on the structure and ensure the predictable and safe performance.