보행자 사고시 상해감소를 위한 자동차 후드 및 범퍼 구조물의 설계

이재완(Jae-Wan Lee),김춘원(Choon-Won Kim),박경택(Kyung-Taek Park),박경진(Gyung-Jin Park) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Although the numbers of pedestrian fatalities and injuries are steadily declining worldwide, pedestrian protection is still an important issue. Extensive researches have been carried out in the fields of pedestrian protection in order to establish pedestrian safety regulations. The automobile hoods and bumpers, which pedestrians frequently run into during accidents. should be designed safely for pedestrians. Two analysis methods are utilized to design safe structures of the hood and the bumper. They are real experiment and computer simulation. In this research, a method is developed to simultaneously use in respect of experiment and simulation. Orthogonal arrays are employed to combine the two methods. Based on this method, a hood and a bumper are designed to protect pedestrians.

Flex-PLI 상해 메커니즘 고찰을 통한 상해 저감 방안 검토

최철현(Chulhyun Choi),Victor Pardede 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

Not only occupant protection but also pedestrian protection is one of hot issues in vehicle safety. Recently regulations for pedestrian protection have been tightened and the corresponding assessment protocol for pedestrian protection has been also revised. Because of current TRL leg form’s limited bio fidelity, in recent years Flex-PLI which provides extended injury assessment capabilities was proposed. Current TRL leg form will be superseded by Flex-PLI for future pedestrian GTR and Euro-NCAP within couple of coming years. In this study, using CAE simulation injury mechanism of Flex-PLI was investigated and countermeasure for lower leg protection was proposed. It is expected that advanced study for Flex-PLI conducted in this paper results in improving leading technology for future pedestrian protection.

보행자보호시스템

정호기(Ho Gi Jung) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

This paper divides pedestrian protection methods into three categories ? infrastructure enhancement, passive safety system, and active safety system ? then summarizes recent research trends and activities. Based on the survey and analysis, this paper proposes two problems, which are not researched but required for our country, as future works. The first topic is acquiring compatibility between traffic calming and recognition systems of intelligent vehicle. As current recognition systems of intelligent vehicle are tuned to the appearance of existing road structures, they could be confused and degraded by roads modified by traffic calming. Therefore, development of recognition systems considering traffic calming and addition of traffic signs to assist automatic recognition systems seem to be required. The second topic is development of communication-based pedestrian detection. The most challenging situation to sensor fusion-based pedestrian detection is when a pedestrian runs into the road from a hidden area. Even in the situation, communication-based can detect the pedestrian. Furthermore, it can provide additional information about the communication module holder. Therefore, core technologies should be developed before related standardization procedures start.

보행자 보호를 위한 Upper Leg Impact에 대한 연구

지성호(Sungho Ji),방용식(Yongsik Bang),권남석(Namseuck Kwon),이창건(Changkun Lee),김동석(Dongseok Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.5

Pedestrian Protection test method was first developed by the EEVC Working Group 10 and then further refined by EEVC Working Group 17. The test procedures currently used in Euro NCAP pedestrian evaluations are based on the test method of EEVC Working Group 17. Pedestrian protection test have been conducted by EuroCANP and there’s been any amount of research into pedestrian protection. But Car manufactures have tended to put less work into considering the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test than for the lower legform or head form test. The purpose of this study is to understand about principle of sum force and three moment calculation in upper legform and to suggest the absorbing intrusion of vehicle for Pedestrian protection using the CAE simulation and Test.

노인 교통사망사고 현황 분석을 통한 노인보호구역의 확대방안

박형곤(Park, Hyeong-kon) 한국민간경비학회 2020 한국민간경비학회보 Vol.19 No.4

노인 교통사고 추이를 통해 전체 사고 대비 사망자와 각종 노인 교통사망사고의 현황에 대하여 알아보고 이에 대한 분석을 통하여 개선방안을 찾고자 한다. 초등학교 앞의 어린이보호구역은 자주 보지만, 노인보호구역은 쉽게 발견하기 어려운 실정으로 노인교통사고를 줄이려면 고령자가 많이 다니는 길에 대해서 노인보호구역으로 지정해 속도를 줄이게 해야 한다는 것이다. 또한 노인보호구역은 시설 주변도로 가운데 일정 구간을 지정해 통행을 제한할 수 있으며, 지정구역에는 속도 제한 팻말, 시작ㆍ끝 지점 보호구역 표지, 바닥 유색 포장, 안전 펜스 등을 설치하는 것과 속도도 30km 이내로 제한하는 곳이 많은데 도로에 노인보호구역이 필요하다는 부분에 대해 인식이 부족하여 아직 지정이 많지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 2015년부터 2018년까지 도로교통공단의 교통사고분석시스템의 자료를 바탕으로 노인 교통사고에 대한 전체현황을 살펴보고, 2015년부터 2018년까지 노인교통사망사고에 대한 현황과 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해서 노인 교통사고의 문제점에 대해 살펴보고 개선방안을 제시하는 것은 상당히 의미가 있을 것이다. Through the trend of traffic accidents for senior citizens, the government intends to find out the current status of traffic deaths and various traffic deaths for senior citizens in preparation for the overall accident and to find ways to improve them by analyzing them. Children s protection zones in front of elementary schools are often seen, but the elderly protection zones are difficult to find, and in order to reduce traffic accidents for senior citizens, the elderly protection zones should be designated as senior citizens protection zones to reduce the speed. In addition, the elderly protection zone can restrict traffic by designating a certain section of the road around the facility. In the designated area, there are many places where speed limit signs, start and end protection zone signs, floor color packaging, and safety fences are limited to within 30km, but there is not much designation yet due to lack of awareness of the need for elderly protection zones on the road. Based on data from the Korea Highway Traffic Authority s traffic accident analysis system(TAAS) from 2015 to 2018, this study aims to examine the overall status of elderly traffic accidents and analyze the current status and characteristics of elderly traffic deaths from 2015 to 2018. Through this, I think it is quite meaningful to look at the problems of traffic accidents involving senior citizens and suggest ways to improve them.

우리 교통형법에서의 횡단보도상 보행자 보호의무 위반 : 미국의 교통형법 및 도로교통에 관한 비엔나협약과의 비교

이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2009 고려법학 Vol.0 No.54

Korea`s Act on Special Cases concerning the Settlement of Traffic Accidents allows immunity for a driver who injured a victim through reckless driving of a car when enrolled in a comprehensive car insurance or making settlement with the injured through compromise (Art.3.(2) or 4.(1)). While such an attitude has been under criticism out of neglect of the injured`s right to participate in a criminal trial (Const. Art. 27.(5)), Constitutional Court of Korea declared art. 4(1) unconstitutional when the article exempts a driver causing severe injury from prosecution. Recently, the Supreme Court of Korea issued a decision holding that a prosector can bring a criminal suit against a defendant who struck a pedestrian who stepped in a crosswalk with `flashing green light` warning. This thesis supports such pro-pedestrian approach on the basis of researching the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic Art.21.2 (a)&(b) and transportation and criminal law of the U.S. Under the convention, pedestrians on a crosswalk have right of way even when drivers may proceed on the crosswalk. Under existent laws of many states in the U.S. pedestrians may not start to cross a crosswalk when red signal representing `Don`t Go` or `raised hand` was flashing. However, recent Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for street and highways (MUTCD) of the U.S. Department of Transportation allows pedestrians to step into a crosswalk in spite of flashing red signals when they have sufficient time to cross the walk to safe-island or the opposite side. It is reasonable in light of the fact that MUTCD requires pedestrian red signal to be equipped with a remaining time indicator. Moreover, a lot of states enact a criminal provision punishing a driver who struck a pedestrian in a crosswalk and some of their courts issued decisions punishing a driver who caused injury to a pedestrian stepping in the crosswalk during flashing red signal. `Flashing red signal` in U.S. and `flashing green walking person` in Korea have the same legal effect meaning that pedestrians should not start to cross a crosswalk and finish crossing without hesitation. Nevertheless, the interval of Korea`s stead green light is much shorter than that of America`s steady green light as well as that of Korea`s flashing green light. As a result, pedestrians in Korea have been exposed to more possibility of inconveniences and danger. It is noteworthy that police office recently is experimenting a new transportation improvement plan including the provision of more time to steady green light and the shortenining of time for flashing green light. While agreeing with the recent pro-pedestrian decision of the Supreme Court this thesis urges the expansion of the new police improvement plan to overall crosswalks as general practices and the repeal of the Supreme Court`s 2001do2939 decision that does not protect a pedestrian still walking a crossing when signals turn from flashing green to steady red.

도로교통에 있어서 신뢰의 원칙 확장

전보경 가천대학교 법학연구소 2013 가천법학 Vol.6 No.4

신뢰의 원칙이란 ‘행위자가 스스로 주의의무를 다하면서 다른 참여자도 주의의무를 준수하리라는 것을 신뢰한 경우에는 특별한 사정이 없는 한, 비록 타인이 규칙을 준수하지 않아 법익침해 결과가 발생하였더라도 행위자는 그 결과에 대하여 책임을 지지 않는다는 원칙’을 말한다. 신뢰의 원칙은 학설과 판례를 통해서 확립된 이론으로 주로 도로교통에 많이 적용되었다. 우리나라는 1970년대 고속도로와 일반도로에 있어서도 신뢰의 원칙을 적용하는 판례가 등장했다. 도로교통에 있어서 신뢰의 원칙은 ‘차 대 차’, ‘차 대 자전거’, ‘차 대 보행자’에 적용되고 있다. 차가 많지 않았던 시기에는 신뢰에 원칙이 적용되는 범위가 좁았지만, 차가 일반 가정에서 꼭 필요한 생활필수품이 되었고, 많은 성인들이 운전면허증을 소지하고 있는 현재에는 신뢰의 원칙이 좀 더 넓게 인정되고 있다. 신뢰의 원칙이 적용되기 위해서는 도로교통환경과 시민의 교통질서와 법규준수 의식이 일정 수준에 도달하여야 할 것을 기본조건으로 요구하고 있는데, 우리나라의 경우 과거에 비해 도로교통환경은 크게 개선되었으며, 국민들의 의식수준도 높아져 법규준수에 대한 필요성을 대부분 인지하고 있다. 다만 아직도 무단횡단 사고와 신호를 무시한 횡단보호 보행 사고 등은 여전한 것도 부인할 수 없는 현실인데, 이 과정에서 자동차 운전자와 보행자 사이의 교통사고에 대해 신뢰의 원칙을 적용할 수 있을지에 대한 논의가 필요해졌다. 판례는 이미 ‘차 대 보행자’와 관련한 사고에 대해 신뢰의 원칙을 인정하기 시작했다. 하지만 아직은 미미한 수준이어서 운전자의 주의의무를 너무 과도하게 요구하는 경우도 많다. 따라서 교통상황이 변화되고 사회 여건도 달라진 현실 아래에서 이제는 운전자에게도 신뢰의 원칙을 지금보다 넓게 인정해야 할 필요성이 커지게 된 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 법규 위반 보행자에 대한 운전자의 주의의무의 정도를 낮추고 이에 대해 신뢰의 원칙을 적용할 것을 제안하고자 한다. 판례도 이미 상당부분 이에 대해 동의하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 운전자가 필요한 주의의무를 다했는데도 법규를 위반한 보행자로 인해 사고가 났음에도 운전자에게 과실책임을 묻는다면 이는 과도한 주의의무를 부과한 것이기 때문이다. 이제 신뢰의 원칙은 ‘자동차 대 자동차’뿐만 아니라 ‘자동차 대 보행자’에 대해서도 확대 적용되고 있고, 앞으로도 이 추이는 계속될 것이다. 신뢰의 원칙을 확대 적용하기 위해서는 우선 도로교통법규를 잘 지킨 운전자에 대해서는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 신뢰의 원칙을 적용해야 할것이다. 특히 스스로 법규를 위반한 보행자까지 보호해 줄 의무는 없는만큼, 사회적으로 상당한 정도의 합리적인 판단에 근거해 상대방의 행동에 대한 신뢰가 있었다면 법규위반 보행자와 사고가 발생한 경우 운전자에게 요구되는 주의의무 수준도 낮아져야 한다고 판단된다. The Principle of Trust states that if a person voluntarily fulfills all his obligations and trusts that others would do the same, excluding cases where certain exceptions occur, he shall not be held responsible even if another person causes an infringement by not abiding by the law. The principle is often applied mainly in cases of traffic violation, used as a theory or a precedent. The first case where the Principle of Trust was used in our country happened in the 1970s. In traffic law, the Principle of Trust is applied in 'vehicle vs. vehicle', 'vehicle vs. bicycle' and 'vehicle vs. pedestrian' cases. Back when cars were rare, the principle was not used much. But, today, as cars became commodities and a great number of adults have a driver license, it is now widely utilized. Compared to the past, Korea's traffic condition has improved to be more convenient and safe, and people's level of consciousness got higher, so they mostly know the importance of law observance. Therefore, as the change of time occurs, the Principal of trust should also be modified. I therefore believe that the Principle of Trust does not need to be applied to those who intensionally break the law. Also, if a driver or a pedestrian breaks the law, the principle needs to be applied in a strict manner to protect the other party by minimizing their liability. Another way to encourage the law-abiding spirit could be increasing the traffic fine. In addition, the Principle of Trust needs to be used more extensively not only in 'vehicle vs. vehicle' but also in 'vehicle vs. car' cases.

보행자 보호를 위한 Bumper Energy Absorber 개발에 관한 연구

지성호(Sungho Ji),김동석(Dongseok Kim),방용식(Yongsik Bang),홍윤석(Yunsuk Hong),김종진(Jongjin Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5

This study is about the development of impact absorber system for Lower Leg Pedestrian impact in Euro NCAP European New Car Assessment Programme(Euro NCAP) announced new protocol of Pedestrian protection Version 5.0 including the The 66mm inside bumper corner spacing requirement has been removed and the impact points can be positioned out of the impact zone where there are structures outboard of the bumper corners. There may be a lack of foam padding over the bumper beam or little support go to the lower part of the legform in the area of the bumper corners. This study is about the optimized energy absorber systems by Plastic insert EPP foam in the bumper corners.

실차평가시험을 기반으로 한 액티브 후드 및 보행자 보호 에어백 효과

윤용원(Yong-Won Yun),박경진(Gyung-Jin Park),김태경(Tai-Kyung Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.1

보행자 보호를 위한 Crumple zone 설계

문형일(Hyung-il Moon),전영은(Young-eun Jeon),김헌영(Heon Young Kim),김용수(Yong Soo Kim),길혁문(Hyuck Moon Gil) 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11

Recently, enhancement of pedestrian safety becomes essential in vehicle design. The related studies on pedestrian protection have been established by the EEVC WG10(17) and IHRA. Information of safety evaluation is now opened to consumers leading to a demand of a development for pedestrian safety vehicle of automotive companies in Europe, Australia and Japan. Currently, researches have been conducted to establish the Global Technical Regulation (GTR) in which Korea also takes part. These efforts include applying the traffic conditions, accident rate and so on. Accordingly, pedestrian safety evaluation can be classified into 5 GTR types. In this paper, we suggest a crumple zone design to improve of the upper legform to bonnet leading impact test. Also, we use the impact analysis for design the rib structure using plastic material between the upper frame of the Front End Module and hood. A damage model was used to express the failure characteristic of plastics material. The reliability of impact analysis results is evaluated by comparing the analysis results with the test ones.