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Superconducting critical temperature in FeN-based superconductor/ferromagnet bilayers
Hwang, T.J.,Kim, D.H. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2016 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.18 No.2
We present an experimental investigation of the superconducting transition temperatures, $T_c$, of superconductor/ferromagnet bilayers with varying the thickness of ferromagnetic layer. FeN was used for the ferromagnetic (F) layer, and NbN and Nb were used for the superconducting (S) layer. The results were obtained using three different-thickness series of the S layer of the S/F bilayers: NbN/FeN with NbN thickness, $d_{NbN}{\approx}9.3nm$ and $d_{NbN}{\approx}10nm$, and Nb/FeN with Nb thickness $d_{Nb}{\approx}15nm$. $T_c$ drops sharply with increasing thickness of the ferromagnetic layer, $d_{FeN}$, before maximal suppression of superconductivity at $d_{FeN}{\approx}6.3nm$ for $d_{NbN}{\approx}10nm$ and at $d_{FeN}{\approx}2.5nm$ for $d_{Nb}{\approx}15nm$, respectively. After shallow minimum of $T_c$, a weak $T_c$ oscillation was observed in NbN/FeN bilayers, but it was hardly observable in Nb/FeN bilayers.
HfN/Si$_3$N$_4$와 NbN/$Si_3N_4$다층박막의 기계적 특성
정진중,황선근,이종무,Jeong, Jin-Jung,Hwang, Seon-Geun,Lee, Jong-Mu 한국재료학회 2001 한국재료학회지 Vol.11 No.3
고속도 공구강 기판에 반응성 스퍼터링법으로 증착된 HfN/Si$_3$N$_4$와 NbN/Si$_3$N$_4$다층박막의 기계적인 성질들을 막 증착 조건에 따라 평가하였다. HfN/Si$_3$N$_4$와 NbN/Si$_3$N$_4$ 다층박막의 강도는 $N_2$/Ar비가 0.4일 때가지 증가하다가 유량비가 증가함에 따라 더 이상 증가하지 않았다. 두 다층박막의 강도는 낮은 온도에서의 열처리에 의해서는 거의 변화가 업지만 80$0^{\circ}C$ 정도의 고온에서는 열처리에 의한 산화로 인하여 감소하였다. 낮은 온도에서의 열처리는 밀착성을 향상시키는 반면 고온에서의 열처리는 강도의 감소 이외에 밀착성이 감소하므로 바람직하지 못하다. HfN/Si$_3$N$_4$and NbN/Si$_3$N$_4$ multilayer coatings were deposited onto a high speed tool steel substrate by reactive sputtering and their mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of the dependence of hardness and adhesion strength on the sputter deposition process parameters. The hardnesses of both HfN/Si$_3$N$_4$and NbN/Si$_3$N$_4$ multiplayer coatings increase up to the flux ratio of 0.4 but nearly do not change after that as the $N_2$/Ar flux ratio in nitride sputter deposition increases. The hardnesses of both multiplayer coatings nearly do not change with annealing at low temperatures but decrease owing to oxidation with annealing at a high temperature like 80$0^{\circ}C$ after depositing the layers by sputtering. Post-annealing at low temperatures increases the adhesion strength of the multilayers. but high temperature annealing is not desirable since it decreases the adhesion strength besides the hardness deterioration.
Anomalous superconducting spin-valve effect in NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn multilayers
황태종,김동호 한국초전도.저온공학회 2017 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3
We have studied magnetic and transport properties of NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn spin-valve structure. In-plane magnetic moment exhibited typical hysteresis loops of spin valves in the normal state of NbN film at 20 K. On the other hand, the magnetic hysteresis loop in the superconducting state exhibited more complex behavior in which exchange bias provided by antiferrmagnetic FeMn layer to adjacent FeN layer was disturbed by superconductivity. Because of this, the ideal superconducting spin-valve effect was not detected. Instead the stray field originated from unsaturated magnetic states dominated the transport properties of NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn multilayer.
Anomalous superconducting spin-valve effect in NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn multilayers
Hwang, Tae Jong,Kim, Dong Ho The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2017 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3
We have studied magnetic and transport properties of NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn spin-valve structure. In-plane magnetic moment exhibited typical hysteresis loops of spin valves in the normal state of NbN film at 20 K. On the other hand, the magnetic hysteresis loop in the superconducting state exhibited more complex behavior in which exchange bias provided by antiferrmagnetic FeMn layer to adjacent FeN layer was disturbed by superconductivity. Because of this, the ideal superconducting spin-valve effect was not detected. Instead the stray field originated from unsaturated magnetic states dominated the transport properties of NbN/FeN/Cu/FeN/FeMn multilayer.
Variation of superconducting transition temperature by proximity effect in NbN/FeN bilayers
Hwang, T.J.,Kim, D.H. North-Holland 2017 Physica. C, Superconductivity Vol.540 No.-
We report on the proximity effect in superconductor/ferromagnet bilayers made of a new combination of NbN for the superconductor and FeN for the ferromagnet. The bilayers were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering on a thermally oxidized Si substrate. For a constant NbN layer thickness, the superconducting transition temperatures of the bilayers exhibited a nonmonotonic dependence on the thickness of the FeN layer. The results were interpreted in terms of the proximity effect between the superconductor and ferromagnetic materials.
Suppression of superconductivity in superconductor/ferromagnet multilayers
Hwang, T.J.,Kim, D.H. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2016 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1
Suppression of the superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) of NbN thin films in superconductor/ferromagnet multilayers has been investigated. Both superconducting NbN and ferromagnetic FeN layers were deposited on thermally oxidized Si substrate at room temperature by using reactive magnetron sputtering in an $Ar-N_2$ gas mixture. The thickness of FeN films was fixed at 20 nm, while the thickness of NbN films was varied from 3 nm to 90 nm. $T_c$ suppression was clearly observed in NbN layers up to 70 nm thickness when NbN layer was in proximity with FeN layer. For a given thickness of NbN layer, the magnitude of $T_c$ suppression was increased in the order of Si/FeN/NbN, Si/NbN/FeN, and Si/FeN/NbN/FeN structure. This result can be used to design a spin switch whose operation is based on the proximity effect between superconducting and ferromagnetic layers.
유도결합 플라즈마 파워가 NbN 코팅막의 미세구조, 결정구조 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
전성용(Sung-Yong Chun) 한국표면공학회 2015 한국표면공학회지 Vol.48 No.5
NbN coatings were prepared by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) assisted magnetron sputtering from a Nb metal target in Ar+N2 atmosphere at various ICP powers. Effect of ICP on the microstructure, crystalline structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings was investigated by field emission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. The results show that ICP power has a significant influence on coating microstructure, structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings. With the increasing of ICP power, coating microstructure evolves from the columnar structure of DC process to a highly dense one. Crystalline structure of NbN coatings were changed from cubic δ-NbN to hexagonal β-Nb2N with increase of ICP power. The maximum nano hardness of 25.4 GPa with Ra roughness of 0.5 nm was obtained from the NbN coating sputtered at ICP power of 200 W.
Chun, Sung-Yong,Im, Hyun-Ho The Korean Ceramic Society 2017 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.54 No.1
Single phase niobium nitride (NbN) coatings were deposited using asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtering by varying pulse frequency and duty cycle of pulsed plasmas. Crystal structure, microstructure, morphology and mechanical properties were examined using XRD, FE-SEM, AFM and nanoindentation. Upon increasing pulse frequencies and decreasing duty cycles, the coating morphology was changed from a pyramidal-shaped columnar structure to a round-shaped dense structure with finer grains. Asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtered NbN coatings deposited at pulse frequency of 25 kHz is characterized by higher hardness up to 17.4 GPa, elastic modulus up to 193.9 GPa, residual compressive stress and a smaller grain size down to 27.5 nm compared with dc sputtered NbN coatings at pulse frequency of 0 kHz. The results suggest that the asymmetric bipolar pulsed dc sputtering technique is very beneficial to reactive deposition of transition-metal nitrides such as NbN coatings.