환경산업연관분석(EEIOA)을 이용한 경제 부문별 온실가스 배출량 특성분석

박유진,김준범,경대승,박흥석 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회지 Vol.44 No.9

Objectives: As climate change deepened, the concept of 2050 carbon neutrality was introduced. The COP 26 Glasgow Agreement strengthened the national greenhouse gas (GHG) target of 2030. However, there are controversies over the feasibility of these GHG reduction goals, considering the economic sectors energy policy and the attributes of GHG emissions. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed to formulate the 2017 Environmentally Expanded Input-output Table to analyze the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions in Korea's economic sectors. Methods: The carbon dioxide emission was calculated by applying each fuel source's carbon dioxide emission coefficients to the 2017 energy balance using each fuel's calorific value and emission factor, while other GHG emissions are taken from the national GHG inventory. All the GHG emissions calculated and taken were allocated to 381 basic sectors of the Input-Output Table to represent each sector's characteristics of GHG emissions. Then 381 sectors are combined into a large category of 35 sectors to formulate the 2017 Republic of Korea Environmentally Extended Input-Output Table (ROKEEIOT). Using this ROKEEIOT, the emission of Scope 1. 2, and 3 by economic sectors were estimated, and the GHG emissions and GHG intensity by economic sectors. Results and Discussion: The carbon dioxide emissions calculated by the 2017 ROKEEIOT prepared in this study showed a difference of 2% from the 2017 national GHG emission statistics, confirming that the 2017 ROKEEIOT is very effective. The three economic sectors with the highest direct GHG emissions were electricity, steam, chilled or hot water, air conditioning supply (262,280 kt CO2eq.), primary metal products (117.098 kt CO2eq.), and transportation equipment (58,332 kt CO2eq.). However, the total GHG were different in the order of construction (151,476 kt CO2eq.), transportation equipment (112,168 kt CO2eq.), computer, and electronic and optical instruments (107,868 kt CO2eq.). As a result of classifying the scope of GHG emissions, 6 industries exceeded 50% in Scope 1, and 29 sectors exceeded 50% in Scope 3, indicating that GHG reduction measures were necessary for the supply chain in consideration of the GHG emissions characteristics by economic sectors. In particular, the contribution of export to greenhouse gas emission reached 41.68% of final demand, confirming the urgent need to strengthen the carbon competitiveness of export industry in preparation for the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism. Conclusions: the economic contribution, direct GHG emissions of industries, and the amount of GHG emissions induced by supply chains and value chains show very different patterns by economic sectors. Therefore, it was confirmed that scientific policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as net-zero and climate change measures, should reflect the characteristics of Scope 1, which is direct emission by industry, Scope 2 emissions caused by electricity and steam consumption and scope 3 emissions generated along the supply chain or value chain. 목적: 기후변화가 심화되면서 2050 탄소중립 개념이 도입되었고, COP 26 글래스고 회의에 의해 2030년 국가 온실가스 감축 목표도 크게 강화되었다. 그러나 에너지 정책과 경제 부문별 온실가스 배출 특성을 고려할 때 온실가스 감축 목표의 실현 가능성에 대한 논란이 있다. 이런 점을 고려하여, 본 연구에서는 2017 환경산업연관표를 작성하고, 이를 통해 경제활동별 온실가스 배출특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 이산화탄소 배출량은 연료별 발열량과 배출계수를 이용하여 연료원별 이산화탄소 배출계수를 2017년 에너지밸런스에 적용하여 계산하였으며, 그 외의 온실가스 배출량은 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 자료를 이용하였다. 모든 온실가스 배출량을 부문별 온실가스 배출특성을 파악할 수 있도록 산업연관표의 381개 기본 부문으로 할당한 후 대분류와 유사한 35개 부문으로 통합하여 2017 대한민국 산업연관표(ROKEEIOT)를 작성하였다. 이를 이용하여 경제활동별 배출량과 배출계수를 산출하고, Scope 1, Scope 2 및 Scope 3에 따른 온실가스 배출 특성을 분석하였다. 결과 및 토의: 본 연구에서 작성된 2017 ROKEEIOT로 산출한 이산화탄소 배출량을 2017년 정부의 공시된 온실가스 배출통계 자료와 비교한 결과 2%의 차이를 보여주어, 2017 ROKEEIOT는 실효성이 매우 높음을 확인하였다. 온실가스 직접 배출량 상위 3개 산업은 전력 및 신재생에너지와 증기 및 온수 공급업(262,280 kt CO2eq.), 1차 금속제품업(117.098 kt CO2eq.), 운송업(58,332 kt CO2eq.)순이 였으며, 온실가스 총 배출량 상위 3개 산업은계수는 건설업(151,476 kt CO2eq.), 운송장비업(112,168 kt CO2eq.), 컴퓨터, 전자 및 광학기기업(107,868 kt CO2eq.)순으로 나타나 서로 상이함을 확인하였다. 또한, 온실가스 총 배출량 Scope별 구분한 결과 Scope 1에서 50%를 넘는 산업은 6개였으나, Scope 3에서 50%를 넘는 산업은 29개가 나옴에 따라, Scope 3에 의해 발생되는 온실가스 배출량을 고려한 공급망 및 가치사슬에 따른 온실가스 감축대책이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 수출에 의한 온실가스 배출 기여가 최종수요의 41.68%에 이르러 탄소국경조정제도 도입에 대비한 수출산업의 탄소경쟁력 강화가 시급함을 확인하였다. 결론: 산업부문의경제적 기여와 온실가스 직접배출과 공급망 및 가치사슬에 따라 유도된 온실가스 간접 배출량이 경제활동별로 매우 다른 양상을 보여주었다. 따라서, Net zero 나 기후변화 대응과 같은 온실가스 저감을 위한 과학적 정책은 경제활동별 직접 배출인 Scope 1, 전력 및 증기 사용에 의한 Scope 2, 그리고 공급망 및 가치사슬에 따라 발생되는 Scope 3의 배출특성이 반영되어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Sphere Decoding in Parallel Mode and its Performance

Weiliang Fan,Zhijun Wang,Xinyu Mao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.11

Sphere decoding is a very powerful algorithm in searching the optimal solution of multiple input and multiple output systems. However, it cannot perform in parallel directly. Sphere decoding can be depicted as searching in a tree. In this paper, we propose a parallel mode of the sphere decoding algorithm. We proposed that the searching tree can be partitioned into several sub-trees. The searching is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the partial Euclidean distances of sub-tree root nodes are calculated. In the second stage, several sub-trees perform their searching simultaneously. The Euclidean distance of the early finished sub-tree helps to reduce the calculation in the later finished sub-trees search. Simulation results sho

회주철의 마찰용접 특성에 관한 연구 - 입열량 이론식을 중심으로 -

정호신,방국수,Jeong, Ho-Shin,Bang, Kook-Soo 대한용접접합학회 2014 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Joining of grey cast iron by fusion welding has much difficulties for its extremely low ductility and low toughness because of the flake form of the graphite. And the brittle microstructure, i.e. ledeburite may be formed during fusion welding by its rapid cooling rates. By these kinds of welding problem, preheat and post heat treatment temperature must be increased to avoid weld crack or welding problems. In order to avoid these fusion welding problem, friction welding of cast iron was carried out for improving joint soundness, establishing friction welding variables. There is no factor for evaluating friction weldability in continuous drive type friction welding. In this point of view, this study proposed the parameters for calculating friction weld heat input. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. There was a close relationship between tensile strength and flash appearance of friction welded joint. 2. Tensile strength was decreased and flash was severely oxidized as increasing frictional heating time. 3. As increased forging pressure $P_2$, flash had a large crack and tensile strength was decreased. 4. As powdered graphite by rotational frictional force induced flat surface and hindered plastic flow of metal, tensile strength of welded joint was decreased. 5. Heat input for continuous drive type friction welding could be calculated by the factors of $P_1$, $P_2$ and upset distance(${\delta}$).

BIM-based Building Energy Load Calculation System for Designers

김가람,유정호 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.2

In addition to the global awareness regarding green buildings, there is growing interest in Building Energy Load Calculation (BELC). The BELC process, however, has several potential problems, including the fact that the required data are input manually through subjective engineer choices and, during the BELC process, a designer must wait for feedback from the engineer regarding the BELC results. This paper addresses these problems by proposing a BIM-based building energy load calculation system for designers. To that end, the required data for BELC are divided into four types: general, space, material, and element. According to the required data, input methodologies are categorized as either automatic type-A or manual type-M data. The proposed system for BELC is developed with four key functions: type-A data input, type-M data input, material-property matching, and calculation functions. To validate the proposed system, two designers with more than seven years of practical experience and a BELC engineer using the eQUEST and EnergyPLUS programs applied the model to the current and proposed approaches. The proposed system contributes to increasing the efficiency of the BELC process by facilitating self-check by the designer and by reducing the need for engineering input during the BELC process.

동적 하중을 받는 암반 구조물의 수치해석 변수에 대한 고찰

류창하 ( Chang-ha Ryu ),최병희 ( Byung-hee Choi ),장형수 ( Hyung-su Jang ) 대한화약발파공학회 2018 화약발파 Vol.36 No.3

동적 하중을 받는 암반의 역학적 거동은, 같은 크기의 최대 하중이라도 정적으로 가해지는 경우와는 다른 특성을 보인다. 동적 하중 하에서의 거동 특성을 규명하기 위한 실험적 접근 방법은 동적 하중의 제어와 계측 및 해석에 있어서 정적 조건에서의 실험 방법보다 더 많은 어려움이 있다. 수치해석적 방법은 물리적 실험이 아니라 수치해석적으로 실험을 실시함으로써 물리적 제약을 덜 받으므로 설계 단계에서 매우 유력한 해석 도구가 될 수 있다. 그러나 수치해석방법은 해석방법의 알고리즘이 적정하더라도, 입력 자료와 경계조건의 설정에 따라 계산 결과가 많이 달라질 수 있으므로 해석 시 세심한 주의가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 동적 하중을 받는 암반 구조물의 거동을 수치해석적으로 검토할 때, 경계 조건, 동적 하중과 계산 시간 간격, 동적 하중 특성이 계산 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하여, 동적 해석 시 경계조건과 계산 시간 간격의 설정 지침을 제공하고자 하였다. The dynamic behaviour of the rock mass under the dynamic load is different from the static application of the maximum load of the same size. An experimental approach to investigating rock behavior under dynamic loads is more difficult than that under static conditions in control of dynamic loads, measurement and analysis of the results. Numerical methods are less constrained by performing the experiments numerically, rather than experimental ones, so they can be very powerful analytical tool at the design stage. However, even if the algorithms of the analysis method are appropriate, careful analysis is required because the calculation results may vary largely depending on input data and boundary conditions. In this paper, when investigating the behavior of rock structures under dynamic load numerically, the effects of boundary conditions, dynamic load and calculation time step, and dynamic load characteristics on the calculation results were reviewed to provide guidance on setting up boundary conditions and calculation time step related to dynamic analysis.

아동 건강전담의 건강보험 시범사업 모형개발

강경림,예례미,이정은,권오탁 건강보험심사평가원 심사평가연구소 2022 연구보고서 Vol.2022 No.0

The purpose of this study was to review the necessity of introducing a systematic child health management system at the national level and to develop a pilot project operation model to operate as a health insurance system. The research method analyzed the medical use of pediatric and adolescent patients and the status of medical resources using medical expense claims data and medical institution reports, and reviewed the subjects and target institutions dedicated to participate in pilot projects. As a result of comprehensive consideration of expert opinions, it was suitable for children's ages and ages 0 to 2 who frequently visit pediatrics and adolescents to allow more children to participate in the project early in the project and to increase parental satisfaction. In addition, five criteria were selected as medical institutions that can participate in the pilot project in consideration of children's equity in participation in the project and regional deviation, and other pilot project service contents, service cycle, and cost were presented. Finally, the pilot project effectiveness evaluation index was set, and the index was set as input, activity, and calculation process.

충청북도 강소기업의 특허권 가치분석과 기업 가치에 미치는 영향

배기수(KHEESU BAE) 한국창업학회 2021 한국창업학회지 Vol.16 No.3

기업의 혁신수준 향상은 미래 성장기회를 증가시켜 기업 가치에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 이에 충청북도 강소기업을 대상으로 특허권 가치분석과 연구개발비가 기업 가치에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증분석을 한 본 연구는 충북 강소기업의 혁신전략 선택과 미래 경쟁력을 향상 시킬 것으로 사료된다. 즉, 혁신 수준을 결정할 수 있는 것으로 인식된 연구개발 투입 및 연구개발 산출이 각각 기업 가치를 증가시킬 수 있는지에 대해 실증적으로 연구하는 것은 충북 강소기업의 혁신전략 선택과 미래 경쟁력을 향상 시킬 것이다. 본 연구의 분석대상인 표본 수는 2017년부터 2019년까지인 90개(연도-기업)이다. 90개 표본 수를 대상으로 연구개발 투입을 대표하는 연구개발비, 연구개발 산출을 대표하는 특허 등록개수가 충북강소기업의 기업 가치에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석했다. 선행연구에서와 같이 기업 가치에 영향을 미치는 회귀모형에 대해 기업규모, 부채비율, 손실보고여부 등을 토대로 연구모형을 수립한 후 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석 등을 실시한 후 다변량회귀분석을 통해 가설검증을 하였다. 분석결과 혁신활동의 산출은 불확실성이 커서 연구개발투입을 대표하는 연구개발비는 기업의 혁신 수준을 가늠할 수 없기 때문에 충북 강소기업의 기업 가치와 연구개발비 간에 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 밖에, 특허권의 취득은 기업의 혁신활동 산출의 불확실성을 크게 감소시켜서 연구개발 산출을 대표하는 특허등록개수는 혁신수준을 가늠할 수 있는 우수한 지표로 인해 충북 강소기업의 기업 가치와 특허등록개수 간에 1% 수준에서 유의적인 양(+)의 관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 혁신수준과 기업의 미래 발전 능력을 결정하는 것은 연구개발투입이 아니라 연구개발 산출이기 때문에 충북강소기업은 연구개발비 확대보다 연구개발 활동의 효율성(산출)을 더 중시해야 한다는 점을 밝혀낸 것이다. 또 강소기업의 가치를 증가시키면 지역 상권을 확대하고 지역산업 경쟁력을 강화시킬 수 있기 때문에, 본 연구는 충북 지역의 경제발전에도 중요한 공헌을 할 것으로 기대된다. Increasing the level of innovation of an entity increases future growth opportunities and has a positive impact on its value. In response, this study, which analyzed the value of patents and research and development costs on corporate values for small companies in Chungcheongbuk-do, is expected to improve the innovation strategy choice and future competitiveness of small companies in Chungbuk. In other words, empirically studying whether R&D inputs and R&D calculations, which are recognized to determine the level of innovation, can increase corporate value respectively, will improve innovation strategy choices and future competitiveness of Chungbuk small businesses. The number of samples subject to analysis in this study is 90 (year-company) from 2017 to 2019. The 90 samples were analyzed on the impact of research and development expenses representing R&D input and patent registrations representing R&D output on the corporate value of Chungbuk small and medium-sized companies. As in previous studies, a research model was established based on the size of the company, debt ratio, and loss reporting, followed by technical statistics and correlation analysis and hypothesis verification through multivariate regression analysis. According to the analysis, the calculation of innovative activities is highly uncertain, so R&D costs representing R&D investment cannot be measured at the level of innovation of companies, so there is no link between the corporate value and R&D costs of small companies in Chungbuk. In addition, the acquisition of patents significantly reduces the uncertainty in calculating innovative activities, and the number of patent registrations representing R&D output has a significant positive relationship at 1% level between the corporate value and the number of patent registrations. This research found that the efficiency of R&D activities should be more important than the expansion of R&D expenses because it is not R&D investment but R&D calculation that determines the level of innovation and the company s future development capabilities. This study is also expected to contribute significantly to the economic development of North Chungcheong Province, as increasing the value of small and medium-sized enterprises can expand local commercial districts and strengthen local industrial competitiveness.

하수처리시설 사례 별 강우발생 유무에 따른 유입수 분석 평가

최랑규,정진도 한국방재안전학회 2019 한국방재안전학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.3

Currently in 2018, Korea has over 600 operating sewage disposal facilities. The law requires a sewage treatment plant to treat 500 tons or more of water per day, and a small-decentralized sewage treatment facility in a community to treat 50 tons or more to less than 500 tons of water per day. However, most facilities fulfill neither the quantity nor the quality requirements from the original design for such reasons as inflow of rainwater and ground water due to deterioration of pipelines and unauthorized input of wastewater in the pipelines. The research has selected 2 representative cases among the technical diagnosif sewage pipelines in many regions within the country to use it as the baseline of: hourly flowrate and BOD water quality analysis in both clear and rainy days, proper plant operation through inflow rate and ratio calculation, and diagnostic evaluation for deterioration of the pipelines and their accessary structures. This also suggests facilities that treats 500 tons or more of inflow per day to sample and analyze the water hourly for 24 hours once a week in both clear weather and rainy weather considering the influence of rainfall on a regular basis. 현재 한국 내 공공하수처리시설은 2018년 현재 600개 이상 운영 되고 있으며 하수종말처리시설은 법적으로 유입수량이 일일 500톤 이상 설계되어 운영되는 처리시설을 말한다. 마을 하수도는 50톤 이상 500톤 미만 유입되는 소규모 하수처리시설을 의미한다. 그러나 설계유입수량과 수질이 유사한 처리시설은 거의 없다. 이러한 현실은 하수관로의 노후화로 인한 빗물의 유입, 지하수의 침입과 하수관로에 폐수의 무단 투입 등으로 설계유입수량과 수질이 실제 현실과 많이 다른 것은 어쩔 수 없는 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 많은 지역 하수관로 기술진단을 실시한 것 중 대표적 사례 2개소의 하수관로를 선정하여 청천시와 강우시 시간대별 유량 및 BOD 수질분석, 침입수 유량 및 비율 산정을 통해 하수처리시설의 적절한 운영과 하수관로와 그 부속 시설의 노후화 진단평가를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하며, 일일 500톤 이상 공공하수처리시설 유입수 분석을 청천시 주1회 24시간 동안 시간대별 채수 및 분석, 우천시 강우영향일 고려하여 동일시간대 채수 및 분석을 주기적으로 실시하는 것을 제안한다.

지역투입산출모형에 의한 스포츠이벤트 경제적 파급효과

강순화(Soon Hwa Kang),김공(Kong Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.39

This study analyzed economic ripple effects, targeting at participants in 2009 National University Basket Ball Championship(November 4-13) held in Yeonggwan-gun. Especially, this studyused Location Quotient Method(LQ) widely used in our country as a countermeasure of a direct investigation to make Regional Industry Connection Model and measured up economic ripple effects, based on regional expenses by visitors. As a result, this study found out that an expense per a person of participants as visitors in sports events for the period of 2009 National University Basket Ball Championship(November 4-13) was 375,500won, total 1.8 billion won. Second, as a direct and indirect economic ripple effect on regions calculated, manufacture induction effect was 2.6 billion won, income induction effect was 500 million won, VAT induction effect was 1.1 million won, and employment induction effect was 151 persons. The economic ripple effect will be used for an important objective material for bearing out validity to policy organizations taking charge of national expenses and provincial expenses as well as policy planners exciting them.

초등학교 교사의 학급 교육과정 평가에 대한 인식 차이 분석

고석종 초등교육학회 2006 初等敎育學硏究 Vol.13 No.2