간경변증환자의 비대상성 간경변증으로의 진행 예측모형

곽민정 ( Min Jung Kwak ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2014 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.39 No.2

Objectives: This study is intended to find the significant prognostic factors for the prediction of hepatic decompensation with cirrhosis. Also, this study provides the proper cut off value for significant factors. Methods: 232 patients with cirrhosis were investigated retrospectively from 1996 to 2010. Logistic regression and odds ratio estimates are used to find the most significant factors and the effects of those factors for the decompensation with cirrhosis. The decision tree model is adopted to find the proper cut off point for the most significant factor. The Cox’s proportional hazard regression model is used to consider the time to decompensation with prognostic factors. Results: The result of logistic regression shows that H/L ratio and prothrombin time are significant measures for decompensation. Moreover, H/L ratio is the most significant factor with AUROC 0.84 with odd ratio 29.94 in simple logistic regression. Also, Cox’s proportional hazard regression model using progression time to decompensation supports this result. ALT, Prothrombin time, H/L ratio and AST/ALT ratio show significant results and H/L ratio is the most significant prognostic factor in survival analysis. From decision tree model, 71.0% of the patients with H/L ratio above 0.5 are progressed to decompensation. At cut off value 0.5, sensitivity and specificity are 75.9% and 81.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Both the results of logistic regression and survival analysis show that H/L ratio is an important parameter to predict the progression to a decompenation state.

Normative Data of Cepstral and Spectral Measures in Korean Adults Using Vowel Phonation and Passage Reading Tasks

이승진(Seung Jin Lee),표화영(Hwa Young Pyo),최홍식(Hong Shik Choi) 한국언어청각임상학회 2018 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.23 No.1

배경 및 목적: 본 연구에서는 한국 정상 성인에서 모음 발성 및 문단 읽기 과제 시 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 측정치의 정상 규준 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 또한 표준문단 내 측정위치와 성별에 따른 측정치를 비교하고, 각 과제별 측정치 간의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 방법: 서울 지역 거주 중인 정상 한국 성인 남녀 각 72명에게 모음 /ㅏ/를 5초간 발성하고 표준문단 ‘가을’을 읽게 하였다. 문단 내 앞과 뒤 문장과 모음 샘플에서 ADSV를 이용하여 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 변수를 측정하였다. 성별과 문단 내 위치에 따라 각 측정치를 비교하고, 각 과제에 따른 측정치 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 결과: 모음에서는 남성의 CPP와 L/H 비율 관련 측정치가 더 높았던 반면, 여성의 CPP F0, CPP/Avg가 더 높았다. CPP와 표준편차, L/H 비율 최댓값에서는 유의한 상호작용 효과가 있었다. 남성의 CPP 최댓값이 높았던 반면, 여성의 CPP 최솟값이 높았다. 앞 문장의 L/H 비율 최솟값이 높았던 반면, 뒷 문장의 L/H 비율 표준편차가 높았다. 과제별 측정치 간에는 약함-중간 수준의 상관관계가 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구의 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 정상 측정치는 한국인의 음성장애 진단 및 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 과제 및 성별에 따른 차이가 고려되어야 할 것으로 여겨진다. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to construct local normative data for cepstral and spectral measures in Korean adults without voice impairments by using vowel phonation and passage reading tasks, and to investigate whether those measures differ according to gender and the measurement positions in a passage. Furthermore, the correlation of the measures derived by different tasks was also explored. Methods: One hundred and forty-four community-dwelling adults (age-matched 72 males and 72 females) without speech or language disorders participated in the study. Participants were asked to produce the Korean vowel /a/ and to read the Korean standard passage ‘Ga-eul’. Cepstral and spectral measures were obtained for each vowel and sentence sample in front and rear positions of the passage using the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice program. For sentence samples, cepstral measures were compared according to gender and position. Results: Males showed significantly higher CPP, CPPmax, CPPmin, and σCPP in vowel production tasks, while females showed higher CPP F0 and CPP/Avg. In the passage reading task, a significant interaction effect between gender and position was shown for CPP, σCPP, maximum L/H ratio, CPP F0, and σCPP F0. Males showed higher CPPmax and L/H ratio, while females showed higher CPPmin and CPP/Avg. The minimum L/H ratio was higher for the front position, while the σL/H ratio and regression slope were higher for the rear position. Conclusion: The current data could contribute to the diagnosis of voice problems in the Korean population through clinical practice and research, although the differences between tasks should be taken into consideration.

토종 종계의 암수 합사가 개체의 스트레스 반응 정도에 미치는 영향

정현철(Hyeon Cheol Jeong),최은식(Eun Sik Choi),권재현(Jae Hyun Kwon),조은정(Eun Jung Cho),손시환(Sea Hwan Sohn) 한국가금학회 2020 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

본 연구는 한국토종닭 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 개체들의 스트레스 반응 정도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한 것으로 스트레스 반응 정도는 합사 이전과 합사 이후 개체들의 H/L ratio, HSPs 유전자 발현량 및 세포 내 DNA 손상율을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 합사에 따른 개체들의 H/L ratio 값이 합사 이전에 비해 3배 이상 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났으며 암수 간 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). HSP-70, HSP90-α 및 HSP90-β 유전자 발현율에 있어 모든 HSPs의 유전자 발현율이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후 2.5∼3.4배 정도 유의하게 상승한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 암컷이 수컷에 비해 합사에 따른 HSPs 발현율 증가가 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 세포 내 DNA 손상율 분석에 있어 모든 Comet 지표들이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후에 유의하게 증가하였으며, 암수 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 이상의 결과들을 종합할 때, 토종 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 암컷과 수컷 모두에게 매우 큰 외적 스트레스 요인으로 작용함을 시사한다고 하겠다. This study was performed to investigate the effect of mixed rearing of male and female chickens on the stress response in Korean native chickens. To identify the degree of the stress response, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), heat shock protein genes (HSPs) expression, and intracellular nuclear DNA damage rate were analyzed before and after the mixed rearing of male and female chickens. The results showed that the H/L ratio of chickens after mixing males and females was more than thrice as higher than before mixing (P<0.001), but the differences between males and females were not significant. HSP-70, HSP90-α, and HSP90-β expression levels were 2.5 to 3.4 times higher after mixing male and female chickens, compared to before mixing (P<0.01). In the mixed rearing of male and female chickens, the increase in HSPs expression in females was higher than in males. Comet indicators in intracellular DNA damage rate analysis showed a significant increase after mixing male and female chickens compared to before mixing (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between males and females with respect to DNA damage rate. Taken together, these results suggest that male and female mixed rearing acts as a strong external stressor in both male and female chickens.

Geometrical dimensions effects on the seismic response of concrete gravity dams

Sevim, Baris Techno-Press 2018 Advances in concrete construction Vol.6 No.3

This study presents the effects of geometrical dimensions of concrete gravity dams on the seismic response considering different base width/dam height (L/H) ratios. In the study, a concrete gravity dam with the height of 200 m is selected and finite element models of the dam are constituted including five different L/H ratios such as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25. All dams are modeled in ANSYS software considering dam-reservoir-foundation interaction. 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake records are applied to models in upstream-downstream direction and linear time history analyses are performed. Dynamic equilibrium equations of motions obtained from the finite element models of the coupled systems are solved by using Newmark time integration algorithm. The seismic response of the models is evaluated from analyses presenting natural frequencies, mode shapes, displacements and principal stresses. The results show that the L/H ratios considerably affect the seismic response of gravity dams. Also, the model where L/H ratio is 1.00 has more desirable results and most appropriate representation of the seismic response of gravity dams.

A Comparison of Cepstral and Spectral Measures according to Measurement Position in a Reading Passage

이승진(Seung Jin Lee),임성은(Sung Eun Lim),최홍식(Hong Shik Choi) 한국언어청각임상학회 2017 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.22 No.4

배경 및 목적: 본 연구에서는 음성장애의 중증도를 통제한 상태에서 켑스트럼과 스펙트럼 측정치가 집단 및 문단 내의 측정 위치에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 각 위치에서 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 측정치를 이용한 중증도 추정치의 진단적 가치를 탐색하였다. 방법: 음성장애 환자군 및 정상 대조군 각 35명으로 하여금 표준문단 ‘가을’을 읽도록 하였다. 26-30 음절 길이의 문장 샘플을 각 문단 샘플 내 세 위치(앞, 중간, 뒤)에서 잘랐으며, 각 샘플에서 켑스트럼 피크 현저성(CPP), L/H 비율(SR), 그리고 각 표준편차를 측정하였다. 청지각적으로는 CAPE-V의 전반적 중증도를 측정하였다. 중증도를 통제한 상태에서 집단 및 위치 간에 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 측정치를 비교하였고, 각 위치에서 이들 측정치가 청지각적 중증도와 갖는 관련성을 살펴보았으며, ROC 커브 분석을 통해 청지각적 추정치의 진단적 가치를 탐색하였다. 결과: 뒷부분의 CPP는 중간 부분보다 낮았던 반면, 뒷부분의 SR 표준편차는 앞과 중간 부분보다 높았다. 한편, 청지각적 중증도와 켑스트럼 및 스펙트럼 측정치의 상관관계뿐 아니라, 청지각적 추정치의 진단적 가치 또한 앞부분에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 연구 및 임상 현장에서 문단 내 위치에 따른 CPP 및 SR 측정치의 변이성을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 여겨진다. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cepstral and spectral measures differ according to measurement position in a reading passage, upon controlling for the overall severity of voice disorders. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of perceptual estimates in each position was explored. Methods: Thirty-five patients with voice disorders and 35 normal controls were asked to read the standard passage ‘Ga-eul’. For each sample, sentence samples of 26-30 syllable length were trimmed in 3 positions (front, middle, rear) of the passage, measuring cepstral peak prominence (CPP), L/H spectral ratio, and standard deviations (SDs). Overall severity from the CAPE-V was measured perceptually. Upon controlling for severity, cepstral measures were compared between groups and positions. The association of acoustic measures with overall severity was explored by conducting a multiple regression analysis in each position. The diagnostic value of perceptual estimates derived from acoustic measures was explored using ROC curve analysis. Results: Results indicated that CPP of the rear position was lower than that of the middle position, while SD of the L/H ratio of the rear position was higher than those of the front and middle positions. On the other hand, the relationship between perceptual and cepstral and spectral measures, along with the diagnostic value, was the highest for the front position. Conclusion: It is recommended that the variability of the cepstral and spectral measures among positions be considered in research and clinical practice.

등측압을 받는 원통형 쉘의 좌굴 거동에 관한 연구

김성도 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2000 공학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.-

The buckling behavior of circular cylindrical shell under the uniform lateral pressure is studied. In this paper, the Love type of buckling equation(Timoshenko solution) is carefully investigated and the governing equations for stability analysis presented by Von Mises, Donnell, and Southwell are developed. The numerical results by FORTRAN program of these buckling equations and the package program LUSAS for the structural analysis are preseted for a wide range of radius-to-thickmess(a/h)ratios and length-to-radius(l/a)ratios. The results show that the Timoshenko predictions can produce nonconservative results in the critical stresses of circular cylindrical shells under the uniform lateral pressure. Key Words:cylindrical shells, uniform lateral pressure, a/h ratio, l/a ratio, Love type equation, timoshenko solution

문단 내 위치에 따른 cepstral peak prominence(CPP) 측정치 비교

이승진(Seung Jin Lee),임성은(Sung-Eun Lim),최홍식(Hong-Shik Choi) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cepstral measures differ according to the measurement positions in a passage, upon controlling overall severity of voice disorders. Furthermore, the diagnostic value of perceptual estimates derived by cepstral measures in each position was explored. Methods: 35 patients with voice disorders and 35 normal controls were asked to read the standard passage ‘Ga-eul’. For each sample, sentence samples of 26-30 syllable length were trimmed in 3 positions (front, middle, rear) of the passage and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), L/H ratio, and their standard deviations (SDs) of were measured. Perceptually, overall severity from the CAPE-V was measured. Upon controlling the severity, cepstral measures were compared between groups and positions. The association of cepstral measures with perceptual severity was explored in each position. Diagnostic value of the perceptual estimates was also explored. Results: Results indicated that CPP of the rear position was lower than that of middle position, while SD of the L/H ratio of the rear position was higher than those of front and middle positions. On the other hand, not only the relationship between perceptual and cepstral measures, but also diagnostic value were the highest for the front position. Conclusions: It is highly recommended that the variability of the cepstral measures among positions should be taken into consideration in research and clinics.

Effects of Dietary Vitamins C and E on Egg Shell Quality of Broiler Breeder Hens Exposed to Heat Stress

Chung, M.K.,Choi, J.H.,Chung, Y.K.,Chee, K.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.4

A feeding trial was conducted to determine whether dietary vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) prevent any drops in egg shell quality under heat stress in broiler breeder hens. One hundred and sixty molted Ross broiler breeders were housed randomly in an individual cage at 83 weeks of age. Four dietary treatments with forty hens and four replications per treatment were control (no additional vitamins), vitamin C-, or vitamin E-supplemented and combined supplementation of the two vitamins. After a tenday-adaptation period at 25$^{\circ}C$, the ambient temperature was kept at 32$^{\circ}C$ for a three-week-testing period. Egg production dropped dramatically over week but it did not show a significant change among treatments (p<0.05). However, egg quality parameters such as egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, SWUSA, puncture force and shell breaking strength from the birds fed the diet with the combined vitamins C and E were significantly improved over those of the control group during the heat stress period (p<0.05). The hens fed the vitamin C diet improved tibia breaking strength (37.16 kg), statistically higher than the birds fed the control and the vitamin E diets (p<0.05). The hens fed the control diet showed higher serum corticosterone levels, a mean of 5.97 ng/ml, than those of the other treatments (p<0.05). The heat stress resulted in elevated heterophils and decreased lymphocytes in serum, increasing the H/L ratios for all the treatments. However, the increases in H/L ratios were alleviated by feeding the diets containing vitamin C alone or together with vitamin E, although there were no significant differences in the ratio between the two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, vitamins C (200 mg/kg) and/or E (250 mg/kg) supplemented to the diets for broiler breeder hens could prevent drops in egg shell quality and tibia bone strength under highly stressful environmental temperatures.

과소비성(Hyponasality) 집단의 음향 특성과 분류 변인

김난숙(Nansook Kim),성철재(Cheoljae Seong) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2017 언어학 Vol.0 No.78

68 children (4;4~9;11, 35 Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy vs. 33 Allergic Rhinitis) read ‘mommy’ sentence comprised of pure nasal sounds and vowels in order to find some appropriate acoustic correlates to discriminate two groups. Recordings were carried out by both Nasometer (KAY, USA) and Tascam DR05 (TEAC, USA). The data, evaluated by perception test using ExperimentMFC, were acoustically analysed and statistically tested by both SPSS and R, respectively in specific areas. Hyponasality seems to strongly have to do with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and Allergic Rhinitis. Traditionally the nasalance score achieved from Nasometer has been used for judging the degree of nasality concern. Despite Nasometer has been popularly used for the measurement of nasalance, there has been shortcomings in such a way that the apparatus has been quite expensive and given some discomfort of wearing headset. In this respect, this paper seeks to find whether the nasalance score is statistically meaningful in discriminating two groups, if not, go further to mine proper acoustic variables comparable to the nasalance score. Perception test using ExperimentMFC (Praat) showed significant intra- and inter-rater reliability. Nasalance score did not show significant difference between two groups (p=.51). When considered RNR (rhamonics to nois ratio), L/H ratio (low to high energy ratio), and two variables (PC1 and PC2) diminished from 18 normalized band energies by PCA (principal component analysis), two groups were significantly differentiated (p〈.05). When tested by the logistic regression model trained by 70% of the entire data, the 30% test data showed 81% classification accuracy. Together with perceptional judgment, these new set of acoustic variables could contribute to discern hyponasality of two groups.

Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance, blood parameter and intestinal morphology of Pekin ducks in low ambient temperature

( Chan Ho Kim ),( Hwan Ku Kang ),( Hyun Soo Kim ) 한국축산학회 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, blood parameter, and intestinal morphology of Pekin ducks in low temperature. A total of 500, 21-d-old Pekin ducks (initial BW = 1,089 ± 5.21 g) were evenly assigned to five dietary treatments (2,950, 3,000, 3,050, 3,100, or 3,150 kcal AME/kg, calculated on an as-is basis) with four replicates (pens) for each treatment (25 ducks per pen). During the experiment, hens were provided with feed and water ad libitum. Overall, increasing dietary energy levels corresponded to an increase of final body weight and body weight gain (linear, p < 0.01). Feed intake decreased (linear, p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio increased (linear, p < 0.01) with increasing levels of energy. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the level of leukocytes between groups. However, heterophils decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05) and lymphocytes increased (linear, p < 0.01) as inclusion of dietary energy levels increased. The H/L ratio increased (linear, p < 0.01) with increasing dietary energy levels while serum corticosterone levels decreased at overall experimental periods. Triglycerides increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) with increasing dietary energy levels. There were no significant changes in villus height or crypt depth of the jejunum at overall experimental. In conclusion, increasing concentrations of dietary energy levels up to 2,950-3,150 kcal/kg in diet. Additionally, 3,150 kcal/kg dietary energy had been revealed more beneficial and could be practiced as protective management for the Pekin ducks reared under low ambient temperature (8°C to 10°C).