녹색성장론에 대한 비판적 연구

안성경(Ahn, SungKyoung) 한양법학회 2010 漢陽法學 Vol.31 No.-

On the last 15 August 2008, President Lee Myung-bak proposed the so-called “green growth” concept, which is a economic and environmental harmony, and balance. Since then, the concept of green growth is being used routinely in our lives, I think it is a problem. This Article is intend to criticize a use of the “green growth”, proposes to use the “sustainable development” which is a strategic concept that is combination of economic development and environmental protection from the theoretical and practical perspective. This article in order to achieve these objectives are being claimed by the government to clean up the green growth Theory (Ⅱ), the existing claims in the general persistence will organize the sustainable development theory (Ⅲ). Under this base, in terms of green growth conceptual and theoretical aspects and practical aspects after reviewing the “green growth” concept than the concept of “sustainable development” and the vague and abstract, theoretical, and practical perspective, the concept of the problem is will argue(Ⅳ). Finally, by discussing and writing more (Ⅴ). The concept of green growth requires interpretation. Even though using of the expression of green growth is familiar to researchers, the concept of green growth is abstract and vague in actual. We need to consider another expression, “sustainable development”. “Sustainable development” and “green growth”, both are in the same level in concept, however “sustainable development” is used worldwide and for a long time and more popular. By the government's line of view, the economic development and environmental protection are two sections in consideration of the concept of green growth. On the contrary, the concept of sustainable development, economic development, environmental protection and social justice are three elements to the content. Therefore, in the concept of sustainable development, social justice between the layers of social justice, between generations and between international communities is essential and must to be premised. On the contrary, the concept of green growth seems to neglect the social justice element. In addition, the concept of green growth is still incomplete as a strategic concept for environmental policy. The concept of green growth is the uncertain theoretical and practical issues. That is causing the problem. Finally, the “Low Carbon, Green Growth Act” as enacted into Law, “Sustainable Development Act” to refine this legislation changing its nature that relatively larger to carry out the policy up to the top of the law resulted in a logical contradiction, resulted in the confusion legislation.

"녹색성장"과 "지속가능발전"의 관계정립에 관한 법적고찰 -저탄소 녹색성장기본법(안) 제정에 관한 법적 논쟁과 관련하여-

함태성 ( Tae Seong Hahm ) 한국환경법학회 2009 環境法 硏究 Vol.31 No.1

In August 2008, President Lee Myung-bak presented `Low Carbon Green Growth` vision for the next 60 years. President Lee said that `Low Carbon Green Growth` would provide a strong source of growth once the current global economic crisis improves. `MB government` announced various plan for green growth since then. The Presidential Committee on Green Growth outlined a plan to boost the country`s green industry, green technology and energy-saving. A key feature of the plan is the legislation of a 「Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth」. 「Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth」 is provided law`s purpose, definitions, principle of Low Carbon Green Growth, obligation of state and local governments and business operator and nation, state strategy of Low Carbon Green Growth, Presidential Committee on Green Growth, green industry, green technology, climatic change and energy strategy, etc. But this act has been problems which include a legislative system, administrative procedures problems, definition of "Low Carbon", "Green Growth", "Sustainable Development", upbringing of nuclear energy industry, upbringing of four major rivers maintenance, etc. First of all, we have to study on the Relationship between `Green Growth` and `Sustainable Development`. In this act, Green Growth means `strategy of economic growth` on Energy-saving and environmentally friendly measures. Actually, early this year, MB government started a $40-billion Green New Deal that includes a project to clean up and maintain the country`s four major rivers. On the one hand, Sustainable Development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. Green Growth is differentiated from Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development does not focus solely on environmental issues. Sustainable development involves the simultaneous pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity. The United Nations 2005 World Summit Outcome Document refers to the "interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars" of sustainable development as economic development, social development, and environmental protection. Green Growth has to understand as a new strategy for sustainable development, to include economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. For the green growth plan to be successful, public participation and support are essential. Now, we should have a new understanding of the Low Carbon Green Growth, the Relationship between `Green Growth` and `Sustainable Development`. This Paper aims to review the legal subject of 「Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth」 and to find a desirable image of the Relationship between `Green Growth` and `Sustainable Development`.

금융발전과 경제성장에 관한 문헌적 고찰

박태식(Tae-Sheik PARK) 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2009 아태경상저널 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구에서는 금융발전과 실물경제와의 관계를 연구한 문헌들에 대한 조사를 통해 금융발전이 실물경제에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구결과를 정리하고자 한다. 금융발전으로 인한 민간부문에의 신용증가와 저축구성의 변화가 실물경제에 나쁜 영향을 줄 수도 있다는 일부 금융위기연구에도 불구하고, 대부분의 이론적 및 실증적 연구는 금융발전이 투자증가와 높은 경제성장에 기여하는 것으로 분석하고 있다. 금융발전의 경제성장에 대한 영향에 대한 많은 연구결과들은 금융시장의 상황과 실물경제의 부침이정(+)의 관계(정의 인과관계 포함)임을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 금융발전이 거시경제에 긍정적인 효과를 나타나는 과정은 순탄하게 이루어지지 않는다. 금융발전은 단기적으로는 은행위기와 금융취약성을 유발하여 거시경제에 부정적인 효과를 줄 수 있으며, 장기적으로 금융시스템이 안정적인 기반을 갖췄을 때 거시경제에 긍정적인 효과로 작용한다. 주식시장이나 은행 등 금융부문의 발전은 기업의 성장을 촉진하는 데 매우 중요한 요인이었으며, 전통산업보다 첨단산업에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 금융발전의 정도가 낮으면 저성장 경제가 나타날 가능성도 높게 나타났다. 국가별 시계열분석의 결과, 고소득국가에서는 GDP중 비금융민간신용비율이 중간소득국가에서는 GDP중 비금융민간신용비율과 예금은행국내신용과 중앙은행국내자산 중 예금은행국내신용비율이, 저소득국가와 금융위기국가에서는 부분적으로 금융발전과 경제성장 사이에 부(-)의 관계가 나타나기도 하였다. 한편, 분석대상이나 분석방법의 차이가 다른 분석결과를 나타내지는 않은 것으로 나타났다. This paper takes broad literature survey of the overall contemporary literatures on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. Many papers says that the relation between the financial development and economic growth is strongly positive. The study colligate the results of analyzes which factors induce corporate growth and what is the role of financial development in corporate growth(include causal relationship between financial development and economic growth). First, financial development is a very important factor in bringing about corporate growth. Second, the hypothesis that financial development accelerate the growth of companies can be identically proven both for high-tech industries or traditional industries. The financial development has a bigger effect on the corporate growth in case of high-tech companies rather than in traditional industries. Third, high-tech companies owes its accelerated growth more to the development of the stock market than to that of banks. Fourth, The financial development is crucial to corporate growth. These results from analysis provide some indication regarding how to design systems in a right direction. To begin with, Korea should push ahead with the further financial development to promote corporate growth. Not only banks in charge of efficiently allocating funds but also the stock market have to make an simultaneous growth. According to the time-series analyses for each countries from 1948 to 2002, we find private credit gives a significant effect on the high-income countries and financial development indicators are partially negative correlated with each growth indicator on the low-income and monetary crisis countries. And, we can find that the object and the methods of analysis makes no difference in the results.

성장관리형 도심활성화 방안의 이론과 적용연구

박훈(Park Hun),정재용(Chung Jae-Yong) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.8

Korea has experienced rapid urbanization accompanied by rapid economic growth, and the size of urban area has been expanding because of continuing migration of rural residents into the cities. These recent phenomena have lead to an unequal development of entire country. Also, it has taken on various aspects from entire country to the development of local regions, and especially it has brought social problems to the cities located in the capital region. As for the solution to such problems, this study discusses the plan of urban revitalization based on growth management through theoretical approaches such as growth management, urban regeneration, sustainable development and smart growth that are being issued in developed countries. Then, the study verifies the robustness of urban revitalization plan and its correlation with basic strategies through an analysis on the aspects of urban development of Siheung city where various development projects are recently undertaking. The results from theoretical approaches of this study show differentiated correlations in each of urban space, urban environment, political and systematic growth management, urban regeneration, sustainable development and smart growth, and based on the results, this study provided criteria for urban revitalization based on growth management. The conclusion derived from this study are as follows. First, in foreign developed countries who have been pushing ahead numbers of urban regeneration policies as countermeasures to the deterioration of urban area, limitations in physical urban regeneration on existing inner section of a city were already realized and thus now they are making a lot of effort to control ill-considered expansion of urban area and revitalization of central area at the same time. Second, by applying various planning methods based on the concept and theories of urban regeneration based on growth management, the ill-considered expansion of large cities can be prohibited and at the same time it enables sustainable development accompanied by economic growth and conservation of environment. Third, to promote the urban revitalization based on growth management, following criteria should be considered: from the view of urban space, 1. construction of rational urban spatial structure, 2. plan of efficient use of land, 3. developmental density control for balanced development, from the view of urban environment, 1. conservation of history and cultural environment, 2. securing pedestrians’ space, and from the view of policy and regulation, improvement in finance, budget, organization and system and rational management. Fourth, Siheung city has made a great effort to build a sustainable city through various city development plans in the present, however, most of the development projects were far different from sustainable development management, and the projects relatively with higher correlations as well are limited to partial improvements. These aspects are likely to appear in other cities in Korea, and to prevent this, there should be certain level of population each city aims for and the characteristics of each city should be analyzed thoroughly so that they can set clear direction and vision of urban development. Also, strategic approaches appropriate to each city need to be prepared.

일반 논문 : 한국형 동반성장 정책의 방향과 과제

이장우 ( Jang Woo Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 최근 사회경제적 이슈가 되고 있는 동반성장의 개념과 실천 방향에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위해 동반성장의 정책적 개념을 살펴보고 유사한 개념인 상생협력과 공생발전과도 비교 분석하고자 한다. 또한 동반성장을 통해 글로벌 경쟁력을 만들어 낸 선진국 사례들로부터 교훈을 찾아내고 우리의 사회 문화적 특성에 맞는 한국형 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 한국형 동반성장 모델은 미국의 시장중심형, 일본의 문화기반형, 유럽의 정책주도형 등의 장점을 융합할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 한국형 모델은 공동체적 에너지를 창출해내는 한국인의 잠재력 활용, 통제와 자율의 융합형 제도 개선, 미래지향적 협력관계를 위한 기업들의 행동변화 등 세 가지 요인을 핵심으로 할 필요가 있다. 한국형 모델의 실현을 위해 필요한 정부의 역할과 과제, 그리고 동반성장위원회의 역할에 대해서도 논의하고자 한다. Since 2000, the employment rate of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has dwindled while the creation of new jobs and the emergence of healthy SMEs have been stagnant. The fundamental reason for these symptoms is that the economic structure is disadvantageous to SMEs. In particular, the greater gap between SMEs and large enterprises has resulted in polarization, and the resulting imbalance has become the largest obstacle to improving SMEs` competitiveness. For example, the total productivity has continued to drop, and the average productivity of SMEs is now merely 30% of that of large enterprises, and the average wage of SMEs` employees is only 53% of that of large enterprises. Along with polarization, rapid industrialization has also caused anti-enterprise consensus, the collapse of the middle class, hostility towards establishments, and other aftereffects. The general consensus is that unless these problems are solved, South Korea will not become an advanced country. Especially, South Korea is now facing issues that need urgent measures, such as the decline of its economic growth, the worsening distribution of profits, and the increased external volatility. Recognizing such negative trends, the MB administration proposed a win-win growth policy and recently introduced a new national value called "ecosystemic development." As the terms in such policy agenda are similar, however, the conceptual differences among such terms must first be fully understood. Therefore, in this study, the concepts of win-win growth policy and ecosystemic development, and the need for them, were surveyed, and their differences from and similarities with other policy concepts like win-win cooperation and symbiotic development were examined. Based on the results of the survey and examination, the study introduced a South Korean model of win-win growth, targeting the promotion of a sound balance between large enterprises and SMEs and an innovative ecosystem, and finally, proposing future policy tasks. Win-win growth is not an academic term but a policy term. Thus, it is less advisable to give a theoretical definition of it than to understand its concept based on its objective and method as a policy. The core of the MB administration`s win-win growth policy is the creation of a partnership between key economic subjects such as large enterprises and SMEs based on each subject`s differentiated capacity, and such economic subjects` joint promotion of growth opportunities. Its objective is to contribute to the establishment of an advanced capitalistic system by securing the sustainability of the South Korean economy. Such win-win growth policy includes three core concepts. The first concept, ecosystem, is that win-win growth should be understood from the viewpoint of an industrial ecosystem and should be pursued by overcoming the issues of specific enterprises. An enterprise is not an independent entity but a social entity, meaning it exists in relationship with the society (Drucker, 2011). The second concept, balance, points to the fact that an effort should be made to establish a systemic and social infrastructure for a healthy balance in the industry. The social system and infrastructure should be established in such a way as to create a balance between short- term needs and long-term sustainability, between freedom and responsibility, and between profitability and social obligations. Finally, the third concept is the behavioral change of economic entities. The win-win growth policy is not merely about simple transactional relationships or determining reasonable prices but more about the need for a behavior change on the part of economic entities, without which the objectives of the policy cannot be achieved. Various advanced countries have developed different win-win growth models based on their respective cultures and economic-development stages. Japan, whose culture is characterized by a relatively high level of group-centered trust, has developed a productivity improvement model based on such culture, whereas the U.S., which has a highly developed system of market capitalism, has developed a system that instigates or promotes market-oriented technological innovation. Unlike Japan or the U.S., Europe, a late starter, has not fully developed a trust-based culture or market capitalism and thus often uses a policy-led model based on which the government leads the improvement of productivity and promotes technological innovation. By modeling successful cases from these advanced countries, South Korea can establish its unique win-win growth system. For this, it needs to determine the method and tasks that suit its circumstances by examining the prerequisites for its success as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each advanced country. This paper proposes a South Korean model of win-win growth, whose objective is to upgrade the country`s low-trust-level-based industrial structure, in which large enterprises and SMEs depend only on independent survival strategies, to a high-trust-level-based social ecosystem, in which large enterprises and SMEs develop a cooperative relationship as partners. Based on this objective, the model proposes the establishment of a sound balance of systems and infrastructure between large enterprises and SMEs, and to form a crenovative social ecosystem. The South Korean model of win-win growth consists of three axes: utilization of the South Koreans` potential, which creates community-oriented energy; fusion-style improvement of various control and self-regulated systems for establishing a high-trust-level-oriented social infrastructure; and behavioral change on the part of enterprises in terms of putting an end to their unfair business activities and promoting future-oriented cooperative relationships. This system will establish a dynamic industrial ecosystem that will generate creative energy and will thus contribute to the realization of a sustainable economy in the 21st century. The South Korean model of win-win growth should pursue community-based self-regulation, which promotes the power of efficiency and competition that is fundamentally being pursued by capitalism while at the same time seeking the value of society and community. Already existing in Korea`s traditional roots, such objectives have become the bases of the Shinbaram culture, characterized by the South Koreans` spontaneity, creativity, and optimism. In the process of a community`s gradual improvement of its rules and procedures, the trust among the community members increases, and the "social capital" that guarantees the successful control of shared resources can be established (Ostrom, 2010). This basic ideal can help reduce the gap between large enterprises and SMEs, alleviating the South Koreans` victim mentality in the face of competition and the open-door policy, and creating crenovative corporate competitiveness. The win-win growth policy emerged for the purpose of addressing the polarization and imbalance structure resulting from the evolution of 21st-century capitalism. It simultaneously pursues efficiency and fairness on one hand and economic and community values on the other, and aims to foster efficient interaction between the market and the government. This policy, however, is also evolving. The win-win growth policy can be considered an extension of the win-win cooperation that the past ``Participatory Government`` promoted at the enterprise management level to the level of systems and culture. Also, the ecosystemic development agendum that has recently emerged is a further extension that has been presented as a national ideal of "a new development model that promotes the co-advancement of environmental conservation, growth, economic development, social integration, and national and individual development."

한국의 금융발전과 경제성장, 소득불평등 간의 장·단기 비선형 관계 연구

김종구 국제지역학회 2024 국제지역연구 Vol.28 No.1

This study tests the long-run and short-run asymmetry hypotheses on the effects of financial development and economic growth on income inequality and vice versa. We find long-run and short-run asymmetric relationships for the income disparity hypothesis on the effects of financial development and economic growth on income disparity in Korea, the growth hypothesis on the effects of financial development and income disparity on economic growth, and the financial hypothesis on the effects of economic growth and income disparity on financial development. We also find that the asymmetric effects of financial development and economic growth in Korea are such that when financial development grows, income disparity is reduced, but when financial development recedes, income disparity is larger. Rising economic growth reduces income inequality, but falling economic growth contributes more to reducing income inequality than rising economic growth. On the other hand, we find that increasing income inequality reduces economic growth, and reducing income inequality leads to a larger decline in economic growth. Finally, increasing income inequality has a negative impact on financial development, as it hinders financial development more when the economy is in recession. These empirical findings show that simple linear and nonlinear modeling leads to modeling errors and can lead to policy failures if policies are implemented by considering only the impact of financial development and economic growth on income inequality.

한국의 도시 성장 유형과 사회적 지속가능성

송주연(Juyoun Song) 한국지역지리학회 2021 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.27 No.4

도시 성장은 양적인 성장뿐만 아니라 내적인 발전을 함께 수반하여야 한다. 본 연구는 양적 성장에 치중되어 왔던 한국의 도시발전 전략에 대한 반성적인 시각에서 도시의 양적 성장과 질적 성장을 비교・분석한다. 양적 성장 분석을 위해서는 경제 성장과 인구 성장 지표가, 질적인 부문을 분석하기 위해서는 사회적 지속가능성의 원칙과 주제에 근거하여 도출된 14개 지표가 적용된다. 분석결과 도시의 양적인 성장은 질적 성장으로 귀결되지 못했고, 양적 성장 정도가 낮아도 질적으로 발전한 도시 유형들이 도출되었다. 최종적으로 양적 성장과 질적 성장을 종합적으로 분석하여 ‘균형발전형’, ‘양적성장 발전형’, ‘질적성장 발전형’, ‘발전정체형’, ‘발전저조형’, ‘비발전형’ 도시유형이 분류되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 도시 성장 분석틀과 연구결과는 정책적 유용성뿐만 아니라 도시 성장을 다각적으로 접근하는 후속 연구에 기여할 것이다. Urban growth should involve internal development as well as quantitative growth. This study compared and analyzed quantitative and qualitative growth in Korean cities from a reflective perspective on Korean urban development strategy, which has focused on quantitative growth. Economic growth and population growth indices were applied for quantitative growth analysis, and 14 indices, which were derived from the principles and themes of social sustainability, were applied for qualitative growth analysis. As a result of the analysis, all the quantitative growth cities had not resulted in qualitative growth, while there were some cities developed qualitatively in spite of a low level of quantitative growth. Finally urban development types in reference to the synthesis of quantitative and qualitative growth were classified into the types of balanced development, quantitative growth development, qualitative growth development, stagnant development, worse stagnant development, and non-development. The analysis framework and results of this study could contribute to not only diagnosing the development level of cities in policy area, but also providing a foundation for the future researches to approach urban growth with a comprehensive perspective.

Financial development, openness in financial services trade and economic growth

Rabia Khatun,Jagadish Prasad Bist 경희대학교 글로벌 통상·금융연구원 2019 International Trade, Politics and Development Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development, openness in financial services trade and economic growth in BRICS countries for the period 1990–2012.An index for financial development has been constructed using principal component analysis technique by including banking sector development, stock market development, bond market development and insurance sector development. For the robustness of the result, the long-run cointegrating relationship amongst the variables has been analyzed.Overall financial development has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. To take the full advantage of openness in financial services trade, countries need to put more emphasis on the development of their stock markets, bond markets and the insurance sector. The result shows that openness in financial services trade has a positive impact on economic growth when the stock market, bond market and insurance sector are included in the system.The policy implication of the findings is that policymakers should focus more on developing all four areas of finance to get the full benefit of the financial system on the process of economic growth.The authors have constructed the better indicators of financial development in the case of BRICS economies. Most of the studies in BRICS economies have measured the development of the financial sector as either banking sector development or stock market development. However, the present study includes all four areas of finance (banking sector development, stock market development, insurance sector development and bond market development) into account.

Population Growth and Economic Development in Southern Mediterranean Countries : A Comparative Focus

Wai Mun Hong,Alejandro Lorca,Eva Medina 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2010 The Mediterranean Review Vol.3 No.2

The Southern Mediterranean(SM) countries, nine North African and Middle Eastern partners and one permanent observer which border the Mediterranean sea (MS) as defined in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (or Barcelona Declaration) launched in 1995, form one of the slowest growing regions in terms of economic and social development Many development economists blame the slow development of SM countries on high population growth. Others, however, defend the view that high population growth could encourage economic growth through expansion of the labour force. The myth of Asia’s miracle of the newly industrialised economies(NIEs) was unmasked by Krugman (1994), demonstrating that the impressive economic grow was in fact fuelled by high population growth. This phenomenon gives SM countries hope with regards to exploring possibilities for achieving economic development through high population growth. However, the governments of SM countries have failed to tap demographic dividends but instead turn to migrants to further economic development.

녹색성장기본법에 대한 환경법적 검토

문상덕 ( Sang Deok Mun ) 한국환경법학회 2009 環境法 硏究 Vol.31 No.1

Green Growth Act(bill) which the central government submitted to the National Assembly is the partial progress and partial recession from the point of view of environmental law. By the strategy of green growth, korean government has been pursuing the new developing policy which is harmonizing the economical growth with environmental protection. In the point of view that we can transform the climate crisis into a catalyst for launching the green economy of the 21st century, the strategy of green growth in Korea may be very desirable thing. The problem, however, is that whether the strategy of green growth can contribute to the established and traditional environmental law and principles or not. I think that most of clauses of Green Growth Act are in harmony with environmental law and principles but some of it are not in harmony. And then, I think that Green Growth Act marks with a side dot in `development and economical growth` rather than environment and ecology. On the other hand, `Sustainable Development` marks with a side dot in `environment and ecology` rather than development and economical growth historically. And Sustainable Development includes not only Economy-Environment but also `Social Equity`(3E). It is also the universally acceptable concept and principle in the world. Therefore, Sustainable Development must get the upper hand of green growth. In short, in spite of the environment-friendly aspects of Green Growth Act, some provisions of it must be still amended or deleted and Sustainable Development Principle should get a higher and superior position than green growth strategy.