광중합 코팅제에 따른 수복용 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 경도 변화

임범순,김철위 서울대학교 치과대학 치과생체재료학교실 1994 치과생체재료학 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This study was done to compare the effect of various surface coating on harness for three different glass ionomer cements. The glass ionomer cements used were self-curing, light-curing and water hardening glass ionomer cement. The experimental groups were coated with Fuji Coat LC, Ketac-Glaze, Fortify, Schotchbond 2 and Fuji Vanish while the control group was uncoated. The half of the experimental groups were stored in 37℃ air, and the others wee placed in lactic acid solution. The surface harness for each specimen was then measured after 15 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days and 30 days using a Vickers microhardness tester. From the experiment, the following results wer obtained ; 1. In general for the glass ionomer cements without protective surface coating, stroing in air showed the large hardness number and produced dehydration, which caused increase in hardness with time. After immediately mixing (15 min.) of cements, the glass ionomer cements without surface coating ranked in order of high value of surface hardness were water-hardening, glass ionomer cement, light-curing glass ionomer cement and self-curing glass ionomer cement. 2. The hardness of the glass ionomer cement with aged in lactic acid soultion was smaller than that in air. The surface damage resulting from dissolution in lactic acid caused a commensurate decrease in harness with time. 3. The combination of the self-cured glass ionomer cements and GL or FCS coating material appeared to be more effective than others in providing an enhanced hardness. The light-cured glass ionomer cement showed a relatively high in surface harness when the surface coating materials KGL, FCS and SLA were applied. The FCS coating material leaded to a significant improvement in the surface hardness for the water-hardened glass ionomer cement.

글라스아이오노머 시멘트의 시차열분석

이종철,김철위 大韓齒科器材學會 1990 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was provided the information about thermal behavior of various glass ionomer cements. Differential thermal analysis of various glass ionomer cements were performed at temperatures from 26-27℃ to 800℃ in air with a heating rate of 50℃/minute. Eleven kinds of glass ionomer cements were used in this study, species of them were four type Ⅰluting cements, three type Ⅱ filling cements and four type Ⅲ lining cements. In addition, four kinds of control group cements were used, species of them were one EBA cement, one PC cement and two ZP cements. The number, shape and position of the various endothermic and exothermic peaks with reference to the furnace temperature can be used for the qualitative identification of substance through the thermogram obtained. From the thermogram, the following results were obtained: 1. Glass ionomer cements showed endothermic transition temperature curve at 100.7℃-172.0℃. 2. Glass ionomer cements showed exothermic transition temperature curve at 467.3℃-531.3℃. 3. Endothermic and exothermic transition temperature of glass ionomer cements were statistically no significant difference in respect to type. 4. Powder of glass ionomer cements showed no specific transition temperature curves during heating to 800℃. 5. Thermogram pattern of glass ionomer cements were similar to polycarboxylate cements.

글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 콤포짓트 레진 복합체의 물성에 관한 연구

김철위,임범순 大韓齒科器材學會 1995 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the experimental compound by addition of glass ionomer cement to composite resin, and to estimate the optimum addition ratio of glass ionomer cement to composite resin for optimum physical properties. Experimental groups were prepared by addition of glass ionomer cement to composite resin. The mixing ratio of glass ionomer cement to composite resin was 25 vol. %, 50 vol. %, and 75 vol. %. A chemical-cured glass ionomer cement(FGI), a light-cured glass ionomer cement(FLC), and two light-cured composite resins(CHA and AEL) were used as control group. Shear bond strength, compressive strength, and fracture toughness of specimens were measured by a Instron universal testing machine. Surface hardness of specimens was evaluated by Vicker's hardness tester, and fluoride ion release from specimens was estimated by the fluoride ion electrode and standard solutions. Solubility of specimens in 0.1 M lactic acid solution was also measured. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The compressive strength of experimental compounds with chemical-cured glass ionomer cement and light-cured composite resin was increased with increasing composite resin content. And the compressive strength of experimental compounds with light-cured glass ionomer cement and light-cured composite resin did not changed significantly. 2. As light-cured composite resin was added to chemical-cured glass ionomer cement up to 50%, shear bond strength of experimental compound was decreased. And the experimental compounds with light-cured glass ionomer cement and light-cured composite resin were drastically decreased with light-cured composite resin addition. 3. Fracture toughness and surface hardness of experimental compounds were linearly increased by composite resin addition up to 75%. 4. As 25% composite resin was added to glass ionomer cement, the amount of fluoride ion release of experimental compounds was decreased by 50%. And the fluoride ion release from the experimental compound with 75% composite resin could be detected. As 25% composite resin was added to glass ionomer cements, the solubility of experimental compound was decreased by 33% and also decreased drastically with increasing the content of composite resin.

광중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 개발에 관한 연구

김철위,윤수한,임범순 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The object of this study was to synthesize the experimental light-activated glass ionomer cement change of glass components such as aluminum, fluorine, calcium, and strontium. To reinforce the glass ionomer cement, additions of metallic powder, ceramic powder, and light-activated composite resin to glass ionomer cements were performed. Radiopacity, comprehensive strength, bond strength, fracture toughness, sloubility, and cytotoxicity of the various experimental glass ionomer cements were investigated. From the experiment, the following results were obtained: 1. Experimental light-activated glass ionomer cement showed similar physical and mechanical properties to commercial glass ionomer cement. Radiopacity, resistance of solubility, fracture thoughness, and compressive strength of the experimental cement were superior to those of commercial cements, but bond strength and biocompatibility of the experimental cement were inferior to commercial cements. 2. Addition of amalgam powder to light-activated glass ionomer cement resulted in the lower compressive strength and fracture toughness, but addition of aluminium powder resulted in the enhanced the fracture toughness. 3. Addition of alumina powder (Al₂O₃) could enhance the compressive strength and fracture toughness of the glass ionomer cement without sacrificing of the esthetic property. 4. Physical mixing light-activated glass ionomer cement with light-activated composite resin could enhanced the physical properties except for bond strength.

REMINERALIZATION EFFECTS OF GLASS IONOMER RESTORATIONS ON ADJACENT INTERPROXIMAL CARIES : A MICROTOMOGRAPHIC STUDY

Lee, Hyeok-Sang,Lee, Sang-Dae,Kim, Jung-Wook,Kim, Chong-Chul,Hahn, Se-Hyun,Jang, Ki-Taeg 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 Compomer, high filled Glass Ionomer Cement, Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, 그리고 불소를 방출하지 않는 복합 레진(대조군)의 인접면 초기 우식 병변에 있어서의 재광화 효과를 미세전산화 단층촬영 (SkyScan-1072, Skyscan b.v.b.a,, Belgium)과 3차원 영상 분석기 (Vworks<TEX>$$\^(TM)$$</TEX>, Cybermed, Korea)를 이용하여 병소의 미세 밀도의 변화량을 측정, 비교하여 평가하는 것이다. 치아 시편과 glass ionomer cement 수복물로 치아의 인접면을 재현하여 인공타액에 담근 후 1개월, 2개월 후에 미세전산화 단층 촬영을 시행한 후 3차원 영상 분석 프로그램을 사용하여 인공 우식부위의 미세 밀도를 측정하여 그 변화량을 분석하여 재광화 정도를 평가하였다. 사용된 재료는 1군은 Compomer인 F2000(3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA), 2군은 high filled GIC인 Fuji IX GP (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 3군은 Resin Modified Glass lonomer Cement인 Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA), 그리고 4군은 복합 레진인 Z25O(3M ESPE, St. Paul,Minn., USA)이었다. 위의 과정을 거쳐 얻어진 자료를 토대로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 세 종류의 글라스 아이오노머 수복재는 첫째 달과 둘쩨 달에서 모두 복합 레진과 비교하여 밀도가 유의차 있게 증가하였다. 2) 1군, 2군, 3군 각각은 밀도의 증가가 서로에 대하여 통계적으로 유의차가 없었다. 3) 각 재료의 재광화 효과를 비교한 결과 모든 글라스 아이오노머 수복재는 첫째 달과 둘째 달 사이에 통계적인 유의차를 보였으며 복합 레진은 유의차가 없었다. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the remineralizing effects of three glass ionomer cements (high filled glass ionomer cement, compomer, resin modified glass ionomer cement) with resin composite (control group) on incipient interproximal caries, and to assess long-term change of remineralization effect, in each material, evaluated by microtomography. Proximal restoration was simulated with tooth specimen and Glass Ionomer Cements. And each of these groups was placed into a closed container with artificial saliva at 37℃ and pH 7.0 for a time period of thirty days with constant circulation. At the end of thirty and sixty days, tomographic images were taken from these specimens with micro CT scanner. Materials used in this study were as follows. Group 1: Fuji IX GP (GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) Group 2: Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Group 3: F2000 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Group 4: Z250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) Using density-measuring program, the micro-density of carious lesions on the specimens were measured. The mean density changes of each group were compared to the other groups to evaluate the effect of remineralization. The results were as follows : 1. The lesion density of all groups increased. 2. The mean density increase of Group 1, 2, 3 were higher than that of Group 4 every month(p<0.05). 3. There were significant differences of density increase among glass ionomer group(Group 1, 2, 3).

치과용 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 압축, 간접인장 및 전단 결합강도에 관한 연구

김철위,이용근,임범순 서울대학교 치과대학 치과생체재료학교실 1994 치과생체재료학 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength of the glass ionomer cements and to compare strengths of the glass ionomer cements independent of their type. The present study utilized one brand of dental zinc phosphate cement and twelve brand of dental glass inomer cements. The load at failure was measured using a Instron universal testing machine (Instron Model 1122), with crosshead speed of 0.05㎝/min. for compressive and diametral tensile test, 0.02 ㎝/min. for shear bond test. From the load at failure, the strength of the specimen could be calculated. Testing of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and shear bond strength were carried out at 24 hours and specimens were maintained in distilled water at 37°±2℃ just prior to testing. From the experiments, the following results were obtained; 1.The glass ionomer cements presented a wide variance of compressive strengths. The light-cured glass ionomer cements showed higher compressive strength than self-cured glass ionomer cements. 2. No significant difference (P<0.05) in the diametral tensile strength was observed among self-cured glass ionomer cements. On the contrary, the light-cured glass ionomer cements showed 3∼4 times higher dimetral tensile strength than the self-cured cements. 3. The glass ionomer cements showed a good shear bond strength to dentin.

법랑질의 표면처리가 광중합형 및 화학중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

신강섭,이기수 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.2

이 연구는 법랑질의 표면처리가 광중합형 및 화학중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓전단결합강도와 치과교정용 레진접착제의 그것과 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 발거된 사람소구치의 법랑질표면을 10% 폴리아크릴산용액, 38% 인산용액과 퍼미스로 처리한 후, 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 일종, 화학중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 일종 및 화학중합형 치과교정용 레진 접착제의 일종으로 법랑질표면에 금속브라켓을 접착하고, 37℃의 증류수속에 24시간 침지시킨후, 브라켓전단결합강도를 측정하고, 접착파정패턴을 관찰하였으며, 표면처리된 법랑질표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과와 결론을 얻었다. 1. 표면처리방법에 관계없이 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓전단결합강도는 화학중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 그것보다 높았다. 2. 38% 인산용액과 10% 폴리아크릴산용액은 퍼미스보다 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓전단결합강도를 높였다. 3. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서 10% 폴리아크릴산용액은 법랑질표면을 미약하게 부식시키고 청결하게 하였으며, 38% 인산용액은 법랑질을 심하게 부식시켰고, 퍼미스를 이용한 세마는 법랑질표면에 불규칙한 흠집을 만들고 청결하지 못한 표면을 만들었다. 4. 10% 폴리아크릴산용액으로 표면조건화된 법랑질에 대한 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트의 브라켓 전단 결합강도는 38% 인산용액으로 부식된 법랑질에 대한 치과교정용 레진접착제의 그것과 유의차가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 10% 폴리아크릴산용액으로 표면조건화시킨 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트에 의한 브라켓 접착은 통상적으로 사용되어온 치과교정용 레진접착제에 의한 브라켓 접착을 대체할 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface conditioning with 10% polyacrylic acid, etching with 38% phosphoric acid, and polishing with a slurry of pumice on shear bond strengths of light-cured glass ionomer cement, chemically cured glass ionomer cement, and a composite resin to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements were compared with that of a composite resin. Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids after enamel surface treatments, and samples were immersed in the 37℃ distilled water bath, and shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements and a composite resin were measured on the Instron machine after 24hrs passed, and the deboned samples were measured in respect of adhesive remnant index. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of enamel surfaces after various treatments. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. 1. Shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement showed statistically higher than that of chemically cured glass ionomer cement. 2. Shear bond strengths of light-cured and chemically cured glass ionomer cements to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid and 38% phosphoric acid showed statistically higher than those with a slurry of pumice. 3. According to scanning electron micrographs, enamel surface conditioned with 10% polyacrylic acid is slightly etched and cleaned, that etched with 38% phosphoric acid is severely etched, and that polished with a slurry of pumice is irregulary scretched and not completely cleaned. 4. After debonding, light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid showed less residual materials on the enamel surface than composite resin to enamel etched with 38% phosphoric acid. 5. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with 10% polyacrylic acid and that of composite resin to enamel etched with 38% phosphoric acid.

Fuji VII 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트의 재광화 효과

김영진,박호원,이주현,서현우 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Fuji VII is a glass-ionomer cement specially targeted for early protection in erupting first and second molars. Properties of Fuji VII such as very high level of fluoride release, low viscosity and no need to preliminarily etch the substrate would be useful to erupting molars with primary pit and fissure caries or hypoplastic area for preventive goal or remineralization. The purpose of this study were to evaluate remineralization of Fuji VII glass ionomer cement and to compare with one of other restorative materials such as conventional glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and composite resin. Forty-two extracted human molars were used for this study. All teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 48 hours after Class V cavity preparation was made on sound proximal surface. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups and restored with Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved, F2000, Filtek {TM} Z250 and control group was unrestored. The middle area with 130{pm}20{mu}m thickness was separated from specimen using microtome and demineralized area was photographed under polarized microscope. Separated area was relocated to specimen and stored in artificial saliva, After four weeks, changes of demineralized area were observed and compared to them restorated immediately. The results from the this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved have more prominent remineralization effect than F2000, Filtek {TM} Z250, control group. 2. No significant differences in remineralization effect are seen between Fuji VII and Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved. Fuji VII은 제 1, 2대구치의 조기보호를 목적으로 소개되었으며 기존의 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트보다 많은 양의 불소를 유리하면서도 점도가 낮아 흐름성이 우수하고 부가적인 산부식 과정이 필요 없는 특징 때문에 치은판개가 일부 덮인 제 1, 2대구치의 교합면이나 일부만 노출된 대구치 협면구의 우식 예방과 재광화에 유용하다고 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 Fuji VII의 재광화 효과를 알아보고 기존의 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트, 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 시멘트, 콤포머와 복합레진의 재광화 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 이에 인공적으로 형성한 우식을 가진 42개의 치아에 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved F2000, Filtek {TM} Z250의 재료를 충전하고 편광현미경 상에서 충전 직후와 4주 후 탈회 면적을 측정하였으며 두 면적의 차이를 비교하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 재광화 정도는 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved, F2000, 대조군, Filtek {TM} Z250 순으로 크게 나타났으며, 글래스 아이오노머 계통의 Fuji VII, Fuji II, Fuji II LC improved에서 F2000, Filtek {TM} Z250, 대조군에 비해 유의한 재광화가 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. Fuji VII과 Fuji II Fuji II LC improved 간에는 유의한 재광화 정도의 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05).

치과수복용 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 개발

임범순 大韓齒科器材學會 1995 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the experimental restorative glass ionomer cement by change of glass component and fusing temperature. Mixtures of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CaF₂, NaF, AlPO₄and SrCO₃were fused in recrystallized alumina crucibles. Initially 6 mixtures were fused at 3 different temperatures (1050℃, 1200℃, and 1350℃), but 17 groups (exception of GI-6C) were tested. The glasses were ground, and the fraction which passed through a 44㎛ sieve was collected. The glass powders were analyzed by a differential thermal analyzer and a x-ray powder diffractometer. A chemical-cured glass ionomer cement (FI-A) and a light-cured glass ionomer cement (FI-B) were used as control group. The powder/liquid ratio for cement formation was 2.3g/0.8g. Compressive strength of specimens was measured by a Instron universal testing machine. Surface hardness of specimens was evaluated by Vickers hardness tester, and fluoride ion release from specimens was estimated by the fluoride ion electrode and standard solutions. Solubility of specimens in 0.1 M lactic acid solution was also measured. From the experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. Compressive strength, surface hardness, and fluoride release of experimental groups which were fused at 1050℃ were greater than those of the groups fused at 1350℃. Experimental groups which were fused at 1350℃ however, exhibited the lowest solubility in lactic acid solution. 2. GI-1 group base cements showed better physical properties than the other groups. Especially, the results showed that GI-1B base cement was comparable in physical properties to Fuji Ⅱ glass ionomer cement except for short working time. 3. It was observed that SrCO₃would act as a radio-opacifier in GI-2, GI-3, GI-5 and GI-6 base cements. 4. GI-3A and GA-6B groups were unsuitable for clinical use since it base cements dissolved in lactic acid solution and exhibited a delayed setting reacting respectively. GI-6A Group was unsuitable since it base cement dissolved in lactic acid as well as exhibited a delayed setting reaction.

광중합 Glass lonomer Cement의 결합 강도에 대한 실험적 연구

김보혜,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 1993 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of study was to compare bond strength of Light-cured Glass Ionomer Cement with those of Chemically-cured Glass Ionomer Cement and Composite Resin to enamel and dentin surface. Each extracted molars, the buccal surfaces of which were flattened, were divided into two groups, so that 40 teeth their enamel exposed and the other 40 had their dentin exposed. The materials used were: 1) FujiⅡ LC(Light-cured Glass Ionomer Cement) 2) FujiⅡ&Shofu G.I typeⅡ(Chemically-cured Glass Iomomer Cement) 3) Silux Plus(Composite Resin) Each of the materials was applied to the exposed surface of 10 teeth by insertion into a cylindericalshaped matrix which is 3mm diameter and 2mm in height. The completed specimens were stored at 37。c under 100% humidity for 24 hours: then the shear bond strength of each material to enamel and dentin surface were measured with Instron universal testing machine. The following results were obtained: 1. Bond strength to enamel surface increased in order of Shofu G.I typeⅡ, FujiⅡ, FujiⅡLC, and Silux Plus. Statistical significance was obserbed except for Shofu G.I typeⅡ and FujiⅡ, which are chemically-cured materials(p<0.01). 2. Bond strenght to dentin surface increased in order of Shofu G.I typeⅡ, FujiⅡ, Silux Plus, FujiⅡLC. There was statistical significance(p<0.05). 3. Bond strength to enamel surface was greater than that to dentin. There was statistical significance(p<0.01). From such results, it can be concluded that when Glass Ionomer Cement is used for esthetic restoration, light-cured type, which has greater bond strenth to tooth structure, is preferred to chemically-cured type.