온라인 과학 기사 텍스트 마이닝을 통해 분석한 에너지 용어 사용의 맥락

오치영 ( Chi Yeong Oh ),강남화 ( Nam-hwa Kang ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2021 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구에서는 일상생활에서 에너지 용어가 사용되는 맥락을 알아보기 위하여 온라인 과학 기사를 수집하여 언어 네트워크, 토픽 모델링 분석 기법을 활용해 에너지 관련 기사에 사용된 용어의 빈도, 용어 네트워크, 기사의 주제를 분석하였다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 2018.3.1.부터 1년간의 온라인 과학 분야의 기사 중 에너지를 검색어로 하여 10개의 국내 중앙지에서 검색 및 선정된 2,171편이다. 이 기사들을 자연어 처리하여 51,224개의 문장과 507,901개의 단어로 데이터를 구성하였다. R 프로그램을 활용하여 용어 빈도수 분석 및 언어 네트워크 분석을 실시하였고, 에너지 용어 사용의 맥락 탐색을 위해 구조적 토픽 모델링 분석을 적용해 기사의 주제를 도출하였다. 기사에 사용된 용어 중 빈도수가 유난히 높은 용어는 기술, 연구, 개발로 새로운 소식을 알리는 기사의 특성을 반영한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 기사 2편당 한 번 이상의 빈도로 사용되는 용어에는 산업 관련 용어(산업, 제품, 시스템, 생산, 시장)와 ‘전기’, ‘환경’과 같이 에너지 관련 용어로 충분히 기대되는 용어들이 있었다. 한편, 에너지 관련 과학 수업에서 자주 사용되는 ‘태양’, ‘열’, ‘온도’, ‘발전’도 빈도수 상위에 속하는 용어로 드러났다. 용어 네트워크 분석에서는 산업 및 기술과 관련된 용어와 기초과학 및 연구 관련 용어들이 약한 강도이지만 서로 군집을 이루는 것을 확인하였다. 한편, 에너지와 쌍을 이루는 용어의 분석에서는 ‘에너지 효율’을 비롯해 ‘에너지 절감’, ‘에너지 소비’ 등과 같이 에너지의 사용에 관한 용어들이 다수를 이루고 그 사용 빈도가 가장 높았다. 에너지 용어가 사용되는 맥락은 16개의 주제를 분류한 4가지 영역으로 ‘첨단산업’, ‘산업’, ‘기초과학’, ‘환경 및 건강’으로 나타났다. 에너지 사용 관련 용어가 상당히 많이 사용된다는 결과는 에너지 수업의 시작점으로 에너지 저급화 개념의 도입이 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 첨단산업이나 환경 및 건강의 맥락을 에너지 학습에 도입할 필요성도 보여준다. 본 연구에서 드러난 16개 주제에서 보이는 다양한 에너지 용어가 사용되는 맥락을 재구성해 에너지 관련 수업에 활용한다면 학생들이 학교에서의 에너지 학습과 일상적 상황을 통합적으로 인식하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. This study identifies the terms frequently used together with energy in online science news articles and topics of the news reports to find out how the term energy is used in everyday life and to draw implications for science curriculum and instruction about energy. A total of 2,171 online news articles in science category published by 11 major newspaper companies in Korea for one year from March 1, 2018 were selected by using energy as a search term. As a result of natural language processing, a total of 51,224 sentences consisting of 507,901 words were compiled for analysis. Using the R program, term frequency analysis, semantic network analysis, and structural topic modeling were performed. The results show that the terms with exceptionally high frequencies were technology, research, and development, which reflected the characteristics of news articles that report new findings. On the other hand, terms used more than once per two articles were industry-related terms (industry, product, system, production, market) and terms that were sufficiently expected as energy-related terms such as ‘electricity’ and ‘environment.’ Meanwhile, 'sun', 'heat', 'temperature', and 'power generation', which are frequently used in energy-related science classes, also appeared as terms belonging to the highest frequency. From a network analysis, two clusters were found including terms related to industry and technology and terms related to basic science and research. From the analysis of terms paired with energy, it was also found that terms related to the use of energy such as 'energy efficiency,' 'energy saving,' and 'energy consumption' were the most frequently used. Out of 16 topics found, four contexts of energy were drawn including ‘high-tech industry,’ ‘industry,’ ‘basic science,’ and ‘environment and health.’ The results suggest that the introduction of the concept of energy degradation as a starting point for energy classes can be effective. It also shows the need to introduce high-tech industries or the context of environment and health into energy learning.

Zero Energy School 구현을 위한 고등학교 건물의 에너지 소비특성 사례분석

김지현,이현승,오병칠,신우철 한국태양에너지학회 2022 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.42 No.4

The characteristics of energy consumption of school buildings considering their distinctive functional schedule (including summer and winter vacation) differ from those of residential and business buildings. In order to build zero-energy schools, the introduction of an energy-saving plan and renewable energy system that reflect the actual energy use of school buildings should be considered. However, ECO2, the only evaluation tool used for zero-energy building certification, does not reflect the actual energy use of schools. In this study, we analyzed characteristics of energy consumption of ‘S’ high school located in Jincheon, Chungcheongbuk-do, based on measurement data received from a remote monitoring system and city gas usage. Based on the results, the measured actual energy consumption and the energy consumption evaluated in the ‘Building Energy Efficiency Certification’ were compared. The energy-use intensity of the actual energy consumption was 125.9 kWh/m2yr, which was 1++ grade. The energy use intensity evaluated through this certification was 188.9 kWh/m2yr, which was 1+ grade. Concerning energy consumption by use, the actual energy consumption in decreasing order was heating (31%), ventilation (25%), cooling (23%), lighting (15%), and hot water supply (6%; excluding cooking), and electric appliance and plug load (37%). Cooling was the largest unit according to “Building Energy Efficiency Certification” evaluation criteria at 36%, followed by heating (31%), lighting (11%), ventilation (10%), and hot water (9%). The results differed considerably from the actual energy consumption and energy consumption evaluated through ECO2. The results would likely be distorted if an energy reduction measure and a zero energy implementation plan were established based on the results.

수열 에너지 부존량 예측 및 활용에 관한 국내외 사례조사

오승록(Seung Rok Oh),윤린(Rin Yun),박창용(Chang Yong Park) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

This study is a literature review about the estimation of hydrothermal energy potential and the application cases of hydrothermal energy. The current status of the hydro thermal energy was checked out in the classification of new and renewable energy on the related laws in Korea, and this classification was compared with other renewable energy classification and regimes in foreign countries. For the estimation of the hydrothermal energy potential, a relatively simple equation can be used. However, there is no reliable standard for flow rate in rivers and for usable water amount in lakes, which makes the estimation more difficult. The widely used teperature difference for the estimation is 5℃ but more study and review should be carried out to justify the 5℃temperature difference more logically. From the case studies, it was confirmed that the energy cost for the operation of heating and cooling systems in buildings could be significantly reduced by the hydrothermal energy application. If sufficient investigation and analysis are performed properly in a project preparatory phase, hydrothermal energy will provide sufficient economic competitiveness compared with other conventional energy sources

스마트에너지 방식을 적용한 전력신산업 활성화 모델 사례 연구: ESS, 전기차 충전, 전력수요관리 중심으로

신재우 한국IT서비스학회 2022 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In respond to climate change caused by global environmental problems, countries around the world are actively promoting the advancement of new electricity industries. The new energy business is being applied to energy storage systems (ESS), electric vehicle charging business, and power demand response using cutting edge technologies. In 2022, the Korean government is also establishing a policy stance to foster new energy industries and making efforts to improve its responsiveness to power demand response with the innovative technologies. In Korea, attempts to commercialize energy power are also being made in the private and public sectors to control energy power in houses, buildings, and industries. For example, private companies, local governments, and central government are making all-out efforts to develop new energy industry models through joint investment. There are forms such as establishing energy-independent facilities by region, establishing an electric vehicle charging system, controlling urban lighting systems with Information technologies, and managing demand between power suppliers and power consumers. This study examined the business model applied with energy storage system, electric vehicle charging business, smart lighting, and power demand response based on information communication technology to examine the site where smart energy system was introduced. According to this study, company missions and government tasks are suggested to apply new energy business technologies as economical energy solutions that meet the purpose of use by region, industry, and company.

건축물에너지절약요소기술 적용에 따른 단독주택 에너지 요구량 절감률 변화에 관한 연구

이명주(Lee Myoung-Ju),김원석(Kim Won-Seok),이우주(Lee Woo-Joo),이원택(Lee Won-Taek) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.5

This study is to compare and analyze ‘the Korean energy saving design standard in building’ with ‘the passivehouse standard of PHI’ in Germany in using of energy efficient factors which have an effect on reducing energy demand in building. We used following architectural design method for energy efficiency : direction, south oriented window-wall ratio, insulation, glazing, frame, heat recovery, external blind, airtightness, thermal mass, ect. We set a base model and analyzed annual energy demand, heating&cooling demand through energy-simulation according to each standard above by energy efficient elements. Consequently, ‘the passivehouse standard of PHI’ is more effective on reducing energy use than ‘the Korean energy saving design standard in building’. Also, this study found energy efficiency rate for heating demand by elements and it is as in the following : Window(37.92%) > Heat recovery(27.87%) > Insulation(25.23%) > Airtightness(5.49%) > Internal/External Insulation(4.42%) > Thermal mass(3.99%) > South oriented window-wall ratio(0.29%) > External blind(0%). And we found that the external blind(56.2%) takes a key role in reducing cooling demand. Through this study, we discovered energy reducing rate by energy efficiency factors in building and with this result, we are expecting to make energy efficiency design standard for the improvement of the high energy-use detached house.

에너지 관련 법상 에너지 이용 효율화 방안에 관한 연구

이재삼 가천대학교 법학연구소 2013 가천법학 Vol.6 No.2

오늘날 우리 생활과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있는 에너지와 관련된 문제들을 법제적으로 고찰하였는바, 현실적으로 중요하게 인식되고 있는 에너지의 헌법적 규정화와 현행 에너지법의 통합화 방안을 제시하였으며, 현실적으로 에너지의 고갈과 부족현상에 따른 에너지 이용의 효율화를 위한 대안으로써 에너지 이용 효율의 규제를 강조하였다. 또한 에너지의 이용에 따른 환경오염의 증가를 방지하기 위한 대안을 제시하였다.특히 에너지 이용의 효율화를 위한 다음의 제고방안이 강조되어야 할 것으로 사료되는 바이다.첫째, 오늘날 인간의 생존권 실현에 없어서는 아니 될 에너지 자원의 절대적인 필요성이 제기되면서 헌법적인 차원에서의 에너지 절약과 효율적 이용에 관련된 관념의 정립이 필요하다. 즉 국가의 균형 있는 국민경제의 성장과 안정, 적정한 소득의 분배 유지, 시장의 지배와 경제력의 남용 방지, 경제주체간의 조화를 통한 경제의 민주화를 위한 규제와 조정을 위한 국가의 에너지 통제와 조정 등 헌법적 차원에서의 에너지 규정의 제도적 보장이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 결국 국민의 에너지 이용권과 부족함이 없는 에너지 환경을 향유할 수 있는 권리와 국가의 책무 및 에너지의 절약 내지는 효율화 규정 등 헌법적 차원의 에너지 입법화가 필요하다. 둘째, 현행 에너지법, 에너지이용합리화법 등 에너지 관련 각 법률들이 에너지 이용의 효율화를 위한 국가와 사용자의 의무를 규정하고 있는바, 각 법률 간의 관계가 연계를 이루어지지 않고 분산되어 있어서 그 효율성이 저하되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 에너지 관련 법률체계상 에너지 기본법을 토대로 에너지의 이용 효율화를 위한 에너지의 계획·관리·규제·정보·연구·개발 등 기능적인 법체계와 현재 국내외의 에너지 수급·규제와 에너지 과다소비의 방지에 대한 규제가 미약하므로 현행 에너지의 합리적 이용 여건을 반영하는 통합적인 법체계의 정립이 필요하다.셋째, 에너지의 고갈과 부족 현상에 따른 에너지의 절약의 일환인 에너지 소비의 능동적 효율화가 필요하다. 즉 에너지 사용의 능동적 효율화를 기하므로써 에너지의 측정, 모니터링 및 통제를 통해 지속적인 변화에 영향을 주어야 하며, 에너지 저소비형 정책 및 에너지 절감 제도가 필요하다. 따라서 모든 가전제품 등에 대한 에너지 규제와 기준을 강화시킴으로써 에너지 이용 효율화의 실효성 확보의 수단이 필요하다.넷째, 에너지 이용으로 인한 심각한 환경오염으로 이어지는 문제점과 그의 방지에 대한 구체적인 규정의 연계성이 부족하므로 에너지 소비에 따른 환경 오염 방지의 관련 규정이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. Today, after considering issues related with energy which is close to human life in a legislative way, the constitutional regularization of energy and the plan of unifying current energy-related regulations, which seem so important, were proposed, and for the alternative way of efficiency in energy usage resulted by lack and depletion of energy, regulation on efficiency of energy usage was emphasized. First, it is necessary to establish the concept on constitutional energy saving and efficiency as the absolute necessity of energy resources which are vital for human beings’ existence is being issued. In other words, systemic guarantee of constitutional energy regulation such as following should be settled; growth and stability of national economy, maintenance of distributing reasonable income, prevention of market control and abusing economic power, national controlling of energy for restriction and control for economic democratization through the harmony among main economic players. This is, constitutional energy legalization is necessary since civil rights to use energy, rights and national duty to enjoy energy environment without lack of energy, and compulsory regulation of energy saving, or at least efficiency of energy are necessary. In addition, regulation and control for energy efficiency is certainly needed. Second, laws related with energy such as current energy regulation and energy usage rationalization regulate the duty of the nation and the user for efficiency of energy usage, but there is a question about the efficiency since they are dispersed without connection among those. Thus, based on fundamental law of energy, it is necessary to settle functional legal system such as planning, manageing, regulating, informing, studying, and developing energy for energy efficiency and integrated legal system reflecting current energy supply and usage in and out of the country. Third, regulation of energy usage and energy over-use prevention, which are part of energy saving followed by today’s shortage and depletion of energy, are weak. Article 14 of current enforcement ordinance of efficiency in energy usage clearly states the limitation and prohibition of energy usage, and by reinforcing regulation and criteria about other electrics and goods, means to retain effectiveness of efficient energy usage are to be studied. Fourth, the relationship between energy and the environment seems separated because of the lack of detailed connectivity of the problem due to the environmental pollution from energy usage and the restrictions to prevent those, and the limitation of environment pollution from energy usage is vague. Still, there is no doubt that the main reason for global warming is from the emission of green-house gases through energy usage. Thus, energy is closely related with environmental issues regarding that it causes various types of environmental damages in producing, distributing and using energy. Especially, the usage of fossil fuel causes environmental problems such as air pollution, acid rain, environmental damage and global warming so that for the preparation of this, energy saving and energy efficiency should be reinforced and comprehensive management, study, and development of alternative bio-energy should be continuously made.

항공산업에서의 에너지믹스 변화 방향에 관한 탐험적 연구 - 신재생에너지 활용에 따른 정책적 함의를 중심으로 -

황준호 ( Joonho Hwang ),홍성태 ( Seongtae Hong ) 한국항공경영학회 2021 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.19 No.2

인류는 지난 100여년 동안 화석연료 중심의 에너지를 활용하며 살아왔다. 항공산업은 화석연료 중석유 에너지의 가격에 매우 큰 영향을 받아왔다. 항공산업에서는 그동안 주로 에너지 효율화 등을 통해 이러한 유가의 변동에 대응해 왔다. 최근에는 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 글로벌 환경규제 강화와 신재생에너지, 전기자동차, 배터리 기술 등의 발전으로 인해 화석연료 중심의 글로벌 에너지믹스가 신재생에너지 중심으로 급속하게 바뀌어가고 있다. 본 연구는 첫째, 이러한 변화가 항공산업에 영향을 미치는 경로, 즉 에너지믹스 영향 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 글로벌 환경규제와 기술 혁신은 1차적으로 석유 등 화석연료 중심의 글로벌 에너지믹스를 신재생에너지 중심으로 바꿔놓게 된다. 이러한 글로벌 에너지믹스 변화는 글로벌 환경규제와 결합하여 항공산업에 고효율화, 친환경화를 더욱 강하게 요구하게 되고, 동시에 기술혁신과 결합하여 새로운 항공 모빌리티의 출현을 가능하게 하며, 이러한 변화들이 모두 항공 비즈니스 모델의 근본적인 변화를 촉발하게 될 것이다. 둘째, 항공 비즈니스 모델의 변화에 따라 항공산업의 이해당사자별로 환경 변화에 따른 새로운 전략 및 정책 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 우선 항공소비자는, 선택 수단이 다양해지고 새로운 서비스를 보다 저렴한 비용으로 이용하게 될 가능성이 높아질 것이다. 항공회사는 석유 가격의 하향 안정화로 인해 단기적으로는 재무적 혜택을 받게 되겠지만, 새로운 항공모빌리티, 새로운 경쟁자, 신규 서비스의 등장으로 근본적인 비즈니스 모델 변화를 겪게 될 가능성이 커졌다. 이에 따라 항공회사는 비즈니스 모델 재정의, 이에 필요한 핵심기술 확보, 다른 업종과의 전략적 제휴 등을 적극적으로 모색해야 할 것이다. 또한 정부정책 결정자에게는 항공소비자 후생 극대화와 항공산업 경쟁력 제고를 위해 항공기술 혁신 촉진, 새로운 항공서비스 인프라 구축, 항공 규제환경의 선제적 정비 등이 요구된다. 이상의 접근과 연구를 통해, 항공산업에서 에너지를 주어진 환경요소로 받아들이던 시각에서 벗어나 이를 보다 전략적으로 활용하고 관리하여야 하는 수단이라는 관점에서 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. For more than 100 years, fossil fuel is main sources of energy for human being. Due to the high share of oil in the operation cost, the aviation industry should always be very sensitive to fluctuations in petroleum prices. Recently, the global energy-mix is rapidly changing from fossil fuels to renewable energy because of the reinforcement of global environmental regulations to cope with the climate change and the innovation of renewable energy, electric vehicles, and battery technologies. First, this study attempts to suggest an energy-mix model which explains how these changes affect the aviation industry. Global environmental regulations and technological innovation will shift the global energymix from fossil fuels such as petroleum to renewable energy. In turn, the global energy-mix change, combined with global environmental regulations, require aviation industry more strong efficiency and eco-friendly measures. At the same time, integrated with new technology innovation, it enables the emergence of new aviation mobilities. These changes, all together, fundamentally change the aviation industry business model. Second, this study suggests new strategies and policy directions for each stakeholders in aviation industry, who encounter the business model and value chain changes. Airline consumers are more likely to have various mobility options and new services at low cost. Airline companies are benefited from low oil prices in the short run. However, in the long run, the emergence of new aviation mobilities, new competitors, and new services will require totally new strategies. Airlines should redefine their business model, secure technologies necessary for the core competitive advantage, and make strategic alliances with other industries. Government policy makers should promote technology innovation in aviation industry, establish new aviation service infrastructure and the aviation regulatory environment in order to maximize the welfare of airline consumers and enhance the competitive edge of the aviation industry. Through the analysis, this study suggests that energy is not a given issue, but enormous chances for the aviation industry and its stakeholders. Form this perspective, this study suggests policy implications to each stakeholders, so that they can proactively make good use of new opportunities brought by global energy-mix transmission.

지역 에너지 자립을 위한 분산전원의 효율적 운영방안

송유진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2019 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.9 No.3

In order to achieve regional energy independence, small and distributed power generation resources (e.g., solar, ESS, fuel cells, etc.) will be increased and energy conversion centered on local demand will be active. This will require a review of orientation and related technologies for regional energy conversion policies as the regional unit energy management system is expected to surge in the virtual power plant/microgrid environment. The power industry paradigm is being digitalized around renewable energy. While this shift to ENERGY - ICT convergence is accelerating, there will also be many changes in energy policies in the future. In particular, in terms of energy demand management, it is likely that a local, self-contained decentralization will be established, along with the activation of the new renewables and other distributed energy sources (DER), and virtual power plants in the form of micro-grid are to be built locally. The establishment and operation of regional energy self-reliance and institutions that can implement it can be promoted, and the sharing and consultation of cases related to renewable energy facilities in other regions can increase self-reliance along with the development of local energy industries. 지역 에너지 자립화를 위해서 소규모의 분산형 발전 자원(태양광, ESS, 연료전지 등)이 늘어나고 지역 수요 중심의 에너지 전환이 활발해질 것이다. 이에 따라 가상발전소/마이크로그리드 환경에서 지역 단위 에너지관리 시스템이 급증할 것으로 예상됨으로써 지역 에너지 전환 정책에 대한 방향성 및 관련 기술 검토가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 지역 에너지 자립화를 위한 효율적 수요관리 방안을 도출하기 위한 일환으로서, 분산전원의 효율적 운영 방안을 제시한다. 분산전원의 수요관리를 통해 중앙 기관으로부터 발전된 전력을 일방향으로 송전받아 사용하는 것이 아닌 개개인이 스스로 전력을 생산하여 사용하거나 타인에게 판매할 수 있는 프로슈머 간 전력 거래가 가능하게 된다. 또한, 신재생에너지 정책에 따른 지역의 역할을 모색함으로써 주민이 참여하여 지역 에너지 자립을 할 수 있는 방안을 검토하고자 한다. 지역에너지 자립과 이를 구현할 수 있는 기관의 설립·운영을 추진하고, 타 지역의 신재생에너지 설비와 관련된 사례의 공유 및 협의를 통하여 지역 에너지산업의 육성과 함께 자립도를 높일 수 있다.

MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES ACROSS 23 EU COUNTRIES

Georgia Makridou,Kostas Andriosopoulos,Michael Doumpos,Constantin Zopounidis 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.6

Energy demand is growing significantly in most countries and is expected to continue to expand-perhaps by 45% between now and 2030, and by more than 300% by the end of the century (Brown & Sovacool, 2012). Industry is generally the largest consumer of energy, currently consuming about 37% of the world’s total delivered energy, and the highest in energy-related CO2 emissions among the major sectors of energy use in an economy. Sadly enough, large amounts of energy consumed by industry are used inefficiently because of lack of awareness about proper energy management and weak energy policies and measures, among others. As a result, the industrial development across the world results in more energy use and leads to more concentration of greenhouse gases emissions. Hence, finding ways to increase energy efficiency in the industrial sector is highly important because the global climate and the region’s energy security depend on it. In this paper the efficiency trends of seven energy-intensive industries namely manufacturing, chemicals, electricity-gas and water supply, construction, mining and quarrying, machinery, and transport in 23 EU countries over the period 2000-2009 is analysed. The performance of the sectors is evaluated in terms of an input/output production framework described by capital stock, employment, total energy consumption, value added, and GHG emissions. On the methodological side, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiency of each industrial sector. DEA is a popular nonparametric efficiency analysis technique with many applications energy efficiency assessment (Sarica & Ilhan, 2007; Mukherjee, 2008; Azadeh, Amalnic, Ghaderi, & Asadzadeh, 2007). Given the panel nature of the considered data set, the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is used to assess the trends in energy efficiency over time and to distinguish between the effect of efficiency change and technical change. At the second stage of our analysis, we focus on the analysis of the relationship between the energy efficiency estimates and a set of explanatory factors related to the structural characteristics of considered sectors and the countries. For most sectors MPI has been higher than 1 in most years, thus indicating an improving trend. This trend appears to be stronger in chemicals, electricity, machinery, and mining. In fact, electricity and mining have improved steadily since 2003-04. On the other hand, construction and transport exhibit fluctuations, but in most cases their MPI has been lower than 1. The observed efficiency changes reflected in the MPI could be the result of changes in technical efficiency (efficiency change) and/or in the underlying production technology (technology change). It is evident that most sectors have been driven by technology change. Overall it is apparent that improvements due to efficiency change have been modest at best (e.g., no more than 5-10%), whereas improvements due to changes in the best practices (technology factor) have been significant in most of the sectors. This study’s results not only provide a general evaluation of the investigated industries, but also facilitate various interesting efficiency comparisons, with respect to factors that have the highest explanatory power. Taking into account the results of this study, policy makers could identify the main steps that should be followed to improve each industry’s energy efficiency. Furthermore, the significance of each step can be measured, leading to more informed decisions in terms of priorities given.

국내 신재생에너지의 발전전략과 과제에 관한 연구

한낙현(Nak-Hyun Han) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2014 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.28

Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services. New renewable energies account for another 3% and are growing rapidly. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. New renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power. While many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they draw on finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve. In contrast, the many types of renewable energy resources-such as wind and solar energy-are constantly replenished and will never run out. The purpose of this study aims to analyse the development strategy and problem of new renewable energy in the Korea.