Review of the Linkage Between Accident Management Plan and Radiation Emergency Plan

Juyoul Kim,Hyeong-Ki Shin 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

The correlation between accident management plan and radiation emergency plan of Shin-Kori Units 3 and 4 was compared and analyzed from the point of view of the adequacy of facilities, equipments, organization and manpower which are necessary for the related emergency response. It was found the equipment of accident management plan and emergency response facility of radiation emergency plan had different technical contents and scope of application, so there was no risk of mutual conflict and overlapping functions. However, since the accident impact assessment code in accident management plan and computer program of radiation emergency plan were different, it was necessary to ensure the agreement or linkage of the evaluation between them. When a radiation emergency is issued in accident management plan, the composition and mission of the accident response organization were mostly consistent with the contents of the radiation emergency plan, but some corrections and improvement items were identified. Accident management plan specified that the disaster response safety center belonged to the emergency operations facility (EOF), but the radiation emergency plan did not mention it at all. The main tasks of disaster response safety center were the movement, arrangement and connection of mobile emergency response facilities, on-site construction of other emergency response facilities, and on-site road restoration. According to the accident management plan, the movement, arrangement, and connection of mobile facilities (i.e., mobile generators, mobile pumps, multi-purpose communication relay facilities), which were considered very important for the prevention and mitigation of serious accidents, were under the supervision of the disaster response safety center. It was stipulated that the operation was carried out with the cooperation of a regular emergency organization, and that the start, operation and stop of mobile equipments were to be performed under the supervision of the emergency operation team supported by the regular emergency organization. Since this organization structure and assignment of duties could not be confirmed in radiation emergency plan, it was necessary to revise and improve the radiation emergency plan for the successful operation of mobile equipments and to link them with the accident management plan.

Analysis of Emergency Task Planning System in Multi-subject Coalitions

보안공학연구지원센터(IJHIT) 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.4

Emergency response is a complicated process that requires substantial knowledge, information support and multi-subject collaboration. This paper focuses on the analysis and design of a system for emergency responders in charge of task planning, coordinating and controlling the actions in crisis response. Based on system science theory, we analysed the characteristics of emergency decision-making in times of disaster and discussed the process and internal architecture of the resulting system for developing an emergency plan. We also provide a basic analysis framework for multi-layer, multi-subject and multi-task emergency planning in times of disaster. We designed the structure and process of an emergency planning system. Consistent data standards are critical for such a system, and many analyses of crisis response reveal that the lack of such standards hinders efficient critical information flow among incident responders. Therefore, using a team collaborative perspective for emergency planning, we developed an emergency information and plan model for general emergency planning based on the hazard emergency domain and plan ontology concepts. This is a basic utilitarian model for the hierarchical collaborative emergency plan process. We also developed a prototype system and tested its validity for multi-subject task planning.

Analysis of Radiological and Physical Protection Emergency Plan for Nuclear Safety and Security Interface

Ji-Hwan Cha,Sundo Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.1

Domestic nuclear power plants have developed radiological emergency plans based on the USNRC’s NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-Rev.1 report and the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety’s (KINS) research report on radiation emergency criteria for power reactors (KINS/RR-12). NUREG-0654 is a US emergency planning guide for nuclear power plants and provides detailed technical requirements for the content of radiological emergency plans. The document classifies radiological emergencies into three levels: Alert, Site Area Emergency, and General Emergency, which correspond to the white, blue, and red emergency levels used in domestic nuclear power plants. KINS/RR-12 is a technical guidance document published by the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety in 2012, which divides radiological emergency criteria into criteria for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and criteria for boiling water reactors (BWRs), and describes in detail the regulatory position and implementation of radiological emergency criteria for domestic PWRs and BWRs. The physical protection-related radiation emergency criteria included in the radiological emergency plan are specified in the radiological emergency criteria guidelines. There are two items each related to white and blue emergencies and one item related to red emergencies. Standard order of emergency plan lists the physical protection-related radiological emergency criteria for domestic PWRs and BWRs, which are identical according to the radiological emergency criteria guidelines. To enhance the physical protection regulation, the legal and regulatory basis for target set identification and vital area identification need to be established by considering radiological and physical protection emergency plan.

A Study on the Radiological Emergency Plan for Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plant

손혜진,김창락 한국방사성폐기물학회 2024 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Safe radiation management is essential not only for operational nuclear power plants but also for nuclear plants to be decommissioned. When spent nuclear fuel is present on-site, meticulous radiation emergency plans are necessary to ensure safety. In Korea, numerous radiation emergency plans have been established for operational nuclear reactors. These plans delineate distinct response mitigation measures for white, blue, and red emergencies. However, clear regulations are yet to be devised for radiation emergency plans for reactors to be decommission. Therefore, this study investigated the decommissioning plan and status of Kori unit 1 to comprehensively analyze the current status of decommissioning safety in Korea. In this study, radiation emergency plans of decommissioning nuclear power plants abroad were reviewed to confirm radiation emergency action levels. Furthermore, radioactive waste treatment facilities, to be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea were evaluated. Moreover, the study assessed emergency plans (especially, emergency initiating conditions) for operational nuclear power plants in Korea for potential use in the decommissioning phase. This study proposed an emergency initiating condition that can be used for decommissioning reactors in Korea. Considering the anticipated introduction of plasma torch melting facility in Korea, this study examined the conditions of radiation emergency plans can be altered. This study identified effective measures and guidelines for managing radiological emergency initiating conditions, and effective decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Korea.

Analysis of Cyber Security Regulatory Frameworks for EP CDAs in the U.S.

In-hyo Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

KINAC has regulated cyber security of nuclear facilities based on「Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency」and KINAC/RS-015 “Security for Computer and Information System of Nuclear Facilities”, a regulatory guide. By that law and regulatory guide, nuclear licensees shall protect digital assets so-called CDAs, which are conducting safety, security, and emergency preparedness functions from cyber-attack. First of all, to protect CDAs from cyber-attack, licensees should identify CDAs from their assets according to the RS-015. The identification methods are provided in another regulatory guide, RS-019. To research the best practice, a reference case is selected as a U.S. case. In this study, a comparison analysis was conducted especially focused on EP CDAs identification methodology between R.O.K. and U.S., because the regulation basis is relatively insufficient in R.O.K., and improvement plans for the cyber security regulations in R.O.K were proposed. From the analysis, it was identified that detailed methods to identify EP function are provided in NEI 10-14 “Identifying Systems and Assets Subject to the Cyber Security Rule” published by Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), an institute of nuclear power reactor licensees. Also identified that the definition of EP function is provided clearly in NEI 10-04 based on related regulation, 10 CFR 50.47 “Emergency Plans”. In that regulation, licensees shall follow and maintain the effectiveness of an emergency plan that meets the sixteen planning standards of 10 CFR 50.47(b). So, these sixteen planning standards correspond to the emergency preparedness functions. In NEI 10-04, scoping considerations for emergency preparedness function are provided referring to sixteen planning standards. Moreover, in that scoping considerations, planning standards, planning standard functions and 10 CFR 73.54 “Protection of digital computer and communication systems and networks” scoping guidance are provided, so, licensees identify EP CDA in their assets conveniently. In case of R.O.K., because these sixteen planning standards are not established, there is an ambiguity in identifying EP CDAs. The only related provision is “Detailed Standards for Establishment of Emergency Plan”. To resolve the ambiguity, it is needed to analyze sixteen planning standards in 10 CFR 50.47(b) and “Detailed Standards for Establishment of Emergency Plan”. Then, should be developed ‘scoping considerations for emergency preparedness function’ based on the analysis as provided in NEI 10-04.

대학병원응급의료센터의 평면유형에 따른 동선효율성 연구

안수미(An, Su-Mi),손광호(Son, Kwang-Ho) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.11

In the Korean modern society, urbanization, industrialization, and aging have been accelerated. More emergency patients have visited emergency medical centers, on account of frequently occurring crimes, traffic accidents, industrial accidents, and diseases. Recently, National Emergency Medical Center decided the policy of "Master Plan of Emergency Medical care", according to which emergency service is reorganized into functional based service and more reasonable hospital traffic line plan is required to provide immediate and systematic emergency treatment in golden time. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the traffic line of patients and medical staff according to plan types and draw an efficient plan type for immediate medical treatment. It looked into the basic concept through theoretical examination and analyzed the traffic line of patients and medical staff through J-graph. According to the analysis, first, there were differences in traffic line between patients and medical staff according to the spatial compositions which have the same plan type, though. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with a traffic line plan. Secondly, a corridor needs to be built to connect each relevant part depending on needs. Thirdly, medical staff needs to approach each space closely on the basis of nursing station, and a corridor for patients needs to be installed. In conclusion, it is expected that through the analysis on the traffic line system of patients and medical staff according to plan types, this study will be able to provide the efficient plan data of emergency medical centers.

지방자치단체 안전관리계획의 개선방안 연구 - 미국 재난운영계획과 비교를 중심으로 -

곽창재,임상규,최우정 한국방재학회 2016 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3

It is critical to develop and maintain appropriate plans for all stages of disaster management in order to respond effectively and efficiently during the emergency situation. The plans need to secure the continuous training and exercise for timely operations of emergency situation. There are three levels of Safety Control Plans including the Master Plans for National Safety Control, Si·Do Safety Control Plans and Si·Gun·Gu Safety Control Plans in Korea. This study analyzed the Safety Plans' developing process and 2015 Safety Control Plan guideline. The study includes three main contents that focus on emergency operations and safety management: (1) making process of Emergency Operations Plan(EOP) in USA; (2) comparing EOP of Colorado State and Si·Do Safety Management Plan and Si·Gun·Gu Safety Management Plan written which was updated in 2015; and (3) drawing implications and suggesting a way of improvement plans. 재난 등 긴급한 상황에 있어 효율적인 대처는 예방단계부터 대응, 복구까지 단계별로 적절한 계획이 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 계획은 실효성을 가지고 시기적절한 수행을 위해 지속적인 훈련과 교육이 이루어져야 하고 그 결과를 통해 관리해야만 한다. 우리나라의 재난관리계획은 국가에서 수립하는 국가안전관리기본계획과 지방에서 수립하는 시·도 및 시·군·구의 안전관리계획이 있으며, 지방 안전관리계획은 1년마다 한번 씩 수립되어 시행되고 있다. 본 연구는 지방정부의 재난 및 안전관리대책에 대한 수립과정과 2015년의 작성지침에 대한 주요내용을 정리한 것으로 본 연구의 주요관점은 첫째로 미국의 재난운영계획 작성절차의 소개와 우리나라 안전관리계획 작성절차와의 비교이고, 둘째는 2015년 시도 안전관리계획과 2015년 시군구 안전관리계획을 상호비교이며 셋째는 미국과 우리나라의 안전계획의 시사점을 통한 우리나라의 지방정부의 안전관리계획 개선방안 모색의 제시이다.

화학사고 발생 시 피해예측 모델과 연계된 사업장의 실시간 비상대응 체계에 관한 연구

하준호,이창준 한국안전학회 2024 한국안전학회지 Vol.39 No.2

- The recent surge in the production and handling of hazardous materials in Korea necessitates developing and implementing robust emergency response plans. These plans are crucial in safeguarding the well-being of workers and residents in the event of an incident. The consequence analysis methodology outlined in the KOSHA guidelines provides a foundation for designing emergency response plans in the event of chemical accidents. However, the consequence analysis is evaluated based on assumed accident cases or worst-case scenarios. Consequently, the emergency response plan based on the consequence analysis may overestimate the damage area, complicating rescue efforts and unnecessarily increasing costs. More information and parameters become available after an accident, enabling more accurate consequence analysis. This implies that the results of consequence analysis based on this detailed information provide more realistic results than those based on assumed accidents. This study attempts to optimize the resource allocation and cost-effectiveness of emergency response plans for chemical accidents. Existing procedures and manuals are revised to elucidate the proposed model and conduct real-time consequence analysis. The existing emergency response plan is compared to verify the proposed model's efficacy. The obtained results indicate that the proposed model can exhibit better performance.

WaterGEMS모형을 이용한 상수관망 블록시스템의 비상급수계획 평가

백천우,전환돈,김중훈,유도근,이광춘 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.08 No.06

Hydraulic analysis of water distribution system can be divided into demand-driven analysis and pressure-driven analysis. Demand-driven analysis can give unrealistic results to simulate hydraulic conditions under abnormal operating conditions such as sudden demand increase and pipe failure. In Korea, demand-driven analysis has been used to establish emergency water supply plan in many water projects, but it is necessary to use pressure-driven analysis for establishment of emergency water supply plan. In this study, WaterGEMS model that was developed for pressure-driven analysis is used to evaluation of emergency water supply plan of J city. As the results, it was able to draw up more efficient plan for water supply in small block, and established emergency water supply plan of J city was determined to be appropriate. 상수관망의 수리해석 방법은 demand-driven analysis와 pressure-driven analysis로 구분할 수 있으며, 급작스런 용수수요증가, 관거파괴 등과 같이 비정상운영상태인 용수공급시스템의 수리모의에 demand-driven analysis를 사용할 경우 비현실적인 결과를 줄 수 있다. 특히 현재 국내에서는 비상상황에 대한 비상급수계획 수립 시에 demand-driven analysis를 사용하고 있으나, pressure-driven analysis의 적용을 통한 비상급수계획의 적정성 평가가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 pressure-driven analysis를 위해 최근 개발된 WaterGEMS모형을 이용하여 2007년 수도정비 사업을 계획한 J시의 비상급수계획의 적정성을 평가하였다. 적용 결과 소블럭의 용수공급 안정성 향상을 위한 방안 제시가 가능하였으며, 수립된 비상급수계획이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

Environment Adaptive Emergency Evacuation Route GUIDE through Digital Signage Systems

Dongwoo Lee,Daehyun Kim,Junghoon Lee,Seungyoun Lee,Hyunsuk Hwang,Vinayagam Mariappan,Minwoo Lee,Jaesang Cha 국제문화기술진흥원 2017 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.5 No.1

Nowadays, the most of commercial buildings are build-out with complex architecture and decorated with more complicated interiors of buildings so establishing intelligible escape routes becomes an important case of fire or other emergency in a limited time. The commercial buildings are already equipped with multiple exit signs and these exit signs may create confusion and leads the people into different directions under emergency. This can jeopardize the emergency situation into a chaotic state, especially in a complex layout buildings. There are many research focused on implementing different approached to improve the exit sign system with better visual navigating effects, such as the use of laser beams, the combination of audio and video cues, etc. However the digital signage system based emergency exit sign management is one of the best solution to guide people under emergency situations to escape. This research paper, propose an intelligent evacuation route GUIDE that uses the combination centralized Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and digital signage for people safety and avoids dangers from emergency conditions. This proposed system applies WSN to detect the environment condition in the building and uses an evacuation algorithm to estimate the safe route to escape using the sensor information and then activates the signage system to display the safe evacuation route instruction GUIDE according to the location the signage system is installed. This paper presented the prototype of the proposed signage system and execution time to find the route with future research directions. The proposed system provides a natural intelligent evacuation route interface for self or remote operation in facility management to efficiently GUIDE people to the safe exit under emergency conditions.