Model of Image Color Difference and Partial Based On RGB Color Distribution Measuring

Weilong Zhou,Chuanlai Yuan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.8

According to the color difference fabric dyeing measurement in production, partial color existed bad real-time problems. Color difference and color of RGB fabric images put forward by using the method of color distribution measurement of general, which needed rapid measurement of large area color. According to RGB distribution histogram of the image, the measured color with sample color similarity and distribution curve of characteristic value was calculated, obtained the RGB color model, and gives a method of a partial color judging. The experiment proves the feasibility of this measurement fabric color difference and the judgment method and effectiveness of partial color. Color cast detection method has overcome the limitations of the traditional methods of detecting image color cast. In order to partial color image detection is performed after correction, using a combination of gray world and a perfect reflection of the color correction method, to make up for the shortcomings of traditional method. The experimental results show that, the color deviation correction method of image analysis based on detection improved the reliability of color cast detection. The method uses characteristics of image analysis, it has universal applicability.

Off-Site Distortion and Color Compensation of Underwater Archaeological Images Photographed in the Very Turbid Yellow Sea

Young-Hwa Jung,Gyuho Kim,Woo Sik Yoo 한국문화재보존과학회 2022 보존과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Underwater photographing and image recording are essential for pre-excavation survey and during excavation in underwater archaeology. Unlike photographing on land, all underwater images suffer various quality degradations such as shape distortions, color shift, blur, low contrast, high noise levels and so on. Outcome is very often heavily photographing equipment and photographer dependent. Excavation schedule, weather conditions, and water conditions can put burdens on divers. Usable images are very limited compared to the efforts. In underwater archaeological study in very turbid water such as in the Yellow Sea (between mainland China and the Korean peninsula), underwater photographing is very challenging. In this study, off-site image distortion and color compensation techniques using an image processing/analysis software is investigated as an alternative image quality enhancement method. As sample images, photographs taken during the excavation of 800-year-old Taean Mado Shipwrecks in the Yellow Sea in 2008-2010 were mainly used. Significant enhancement in distortion and color compensation of archived images were obtained by simple post image processing using image processing/analysis software (PicMan) customized for given view ports, lenses and cameras with and without optical axis offsets. Post image processing is found to be very effective in distortion and color compensation of both recent and archived images from various photographing equipment models and configurations. Merits and demerit of in-situ, distortion and color compensated photographing with sophisticated equipment and conventional photographing equipment, which requires post image processing, are compared.

Image steganography using uncorrelated color space and its application for security of visual contents in online social networks

Muhammad, Khan,Sajjad, Muhammad,Mehmood, Irfan,Rho, Seungmin,Baik, Sung Wook North-Holland 2018 Future generations computer systems Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Image steganography is a growing research field, where sensitive contents are embedded in images, keeping their visual quality intact. Researchers have used correlated color space such as RGB, where modification to one channel affects the overall quality of stego-images, hence decreasing its suitability for steganographic algorithms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an adaptive LSB substitution method using uncorrelated color space, increasing the property of imperceptibility while minimizing the chances of detection by the human vision system. In the proposed scheme, the input image is passed through an image scrambler, resulting in an encrypted image, preserving the privacy of image contents, and then converted to HSV color space for further processing. The secret contents are encrypted using an iterative magic matrix encryption algorithm (IMMEA) for better security, producing the cipher contents. An adaptive LSB substitution method is then used to embed the encrypted data inside the V-plane of HSV color model based on secret key-directed block magic LSB mechanism. The idea of utilizing HSV color space for data hiding is inspired from its properties including de-correlation, cost-effectiveness in processing, better stego image quality, and suitability for steganography as verified by our experiments, compared to other color spaces such as RGB, YCbCr, HSI, and Lab. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results of the proposed framework and its application for addressing the security and privacy of visual contents in online social networks (OSNs), confirm its effectiveness in contrast to state-of-the-art methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A secure framework for ensuring the security of visual contents in online social networks. </LI> <LI> Image scrambling using a light-weighted image scrambler before data embedding. </LI> <LI> Encryption of sensitive contents using iterative magic matrix-based encryption algorithm. </LI> <LI> Data hiding using an adaptive LSB substitution method. </LI> </UL> </P>

실시간 영상처리에 의한 양파 자동 선별 시스템의 구현

김기원,양진영,김석훈 한국지식정보기술학회 2010 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.5 No.6

Defect of onion was depreciated the product value and cause storage disease seriously. In this paper dose a onion surface check using a real time image process at the onion production line. Finally developing a automatic selection system using image processing technique. This system does false retrieval of a onion at a onion production line. At first, a onion image was read in real time using a CCD camera. In this paper, we use an area scan CCD camera. Image is converted into a binary code image using a high-speed imaging process board afterwards. And RGB color image is converted into a HSI color image. Then, onion surface feature is extracted by a HSI color image. Surface false retrieval is finally executed using a onion feature. In this paper, we use an area feature of a onion image.

색각 이상자를 위한 영상 분석 기반의 최적 보정 기술

이주선(Jusun Lee),한동일(Dongil Han) 대한전자공학회 2017 전자공학회논문지 Vol.54 No.12

최근 멀티미디어 매체들의 발전으로 인해 많은 정보들을 영상포맷의 형태로 쉽고 다양하게 접할 수 있게 되었다. 현재 멀티미디어영상들은 다양하고 복잡한 데이터들을 색정보를 활용한 디자인을 통해 효과적이고 쉽게 인지할 수 있도록 제작되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 멀티미디어 영상들은 많은 경우 색각 이상자가 인지하기에는 많은 어려움이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 색각이상자들의 색 인지시점을 연구하여 영상내의 혼동하는 색영역을 분석해, 최소한의 영역을 최적의 색으로 보정하는 기술을 구현 하였다. 이러한 방법으로 인해 기존의 방식보다 일반인의 인지시점에서도 색의 변화가 최소화된 결과를 볼 수 있다. 제안하는 방법은 오프라인 단계에서 CIEDE2000을 이용하여 색각 이상자가 혼동하는 색들에 대한 혼동선 DB를 구축하였다. 온 라인처리 단계에서는 영역 확장(Region Growing) 기법을 통해 영역 구간화를 진행한다. 이러한 결과로 구간화된 영상내의 색을 비교하여 색각 이상자가 혼동하는 색이 존재할 경우 혼동선DB를 통해 최적의 색을 찾게 된다. 본 연구에서는 색각 이상자들이 혼동하지 않는 색을 찾기 위해서 최적화 지표를 개발하였고, 이를 통해 기존의 다른 논문들과 비교하여 본 연구의 색 보정 결과가 CIEDE2000 색차 지표 뿐만 아니라 다양한 실제 사례에서 모사결과 영상을 통한 주관적인 시각적 인지관점에서도 더욱 인지하기 쉬움을 보였다. Recently, thanks to the development of multimedia technologies, a lot of information can be easily and variously accessed in the form of image format. Currently, multimedia images are designed to recognize complex and diverse data more effectively and easily. It is produced through design using color information. In this paper, we study the color perception of Color Vision Deficiency(CVD) and analyze the confused color region in the image, then propose a method to correct the minimum region to the optimal color. In this way, we can find the result that the color change is minimized even at the perception point of the normal people than the conventional method. The proposed method is to construct a confusion line DB for colors that CVD confuses, using the CIEDE2000 in the offline stage. In the online processing stage, Region segmentation is performed through the Region Growing method. As a result, when the colors in the segmented image are compared, if there is a color confused by CVD, the optimal color is found through the confusion line DB. In this study, we developed an optimization index to find colors that CVD are not confused with. And it shows that the color correction result of this study is more recognizable not only from a CIEDE color difference index but also from subjective visual perception simulated by the Brettel’s algorithm compared with other papers.

Octree 기반의 개선된 K-means 색상 양자화

박현준(Hyun Jun Park),김광백(Kwang Baek Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2015 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.20 No.12

In this paper, we present an color quantization method by complementing the disadvantage of K-means color quantization that is one of the well-known color quantization. We named the proposed method “octree-means” color quantization. K-means color quantization does not use all of the clusters because it initializes the centroid of clusters with random value. The proposed method complements this disadvantage by using the octree color quantization which is fast and uses the distribution of colors in image. We compare the proposed method to six well-known color quantization methods on ten test images to evaluate the performance. The experimental results show 68.29 percent of mean square error(MSE) and processing time increased by 14.34 percent compared with K-means color quantization. Therefore, the proposed method improved the K-means color quantization and perform an effective color quantization.

Color-sensitive and spectrometer-free plasmonic sensor for biosensing applications

Kim, Seunguk,Lee, Youngjin,Kim, Jae Yeon,Yang, Jae Hoon,Kwon, Hyuk-Jun,Hwang, Jae Youn,Moon, Cheil,Jang, Jae Eun Elsevier 2019 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.126 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A color-sensitive and spectrometer-free sensing method using plasmonic nanohole arrays and the color components, L* , a* , and b* , of the CIELAB defined by the international commission on illumination (CIE) is introduced for the analysis of optically transparent materials in the visible range. Spectral analysis based on plasmonic nanoparticles or nanostructures can be applied to real-time bio-detection, but complex optical instrumentations and low spatial resolution have limited the sensing ability. Therefore, we take an advantage of color image processing instead of spectral analysis which induces the distinctive color information of plasmonic nanohole arrays with different transparent materials. It guarantees high spatial resolution which is essential to bio-detection such as living cells. To establish our sensing platform, the color components, L* , a* , and b* , were extracted from photo images by an image sensor, statistically processed using a JAVA program, and finally utilized as three individual sensing factors. Additionally, our study on a correlation between the spacing of plasmonic sensors and the color sensitivity to the refractive index reveals geometrically optimal conditions of nanohole arrays. The weighted mean calculation with the three individual sensing factors offers an enhanced distinction of the optical difference for transparent materials. In this work, a color sensitivity of 156.94 RIU<SUP>−1</SUP> and a minimum mean absolute error of 1.298 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> RIU were achieved. The difference in the refractive index can be recognized up to 10<SUP>−4</SUP> level with the suggested sensing platform and the signal process. This unique color-sensitive sensing method enables a simple, easy-to-control, and highly accurate analysis without complicated measurement systems including a spectrometer. Therefore, our sensing platform can be applied as a very powerful tool to in-situ label-free bio-detection fields.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Color-sensitive and spectrometer-free analysis using plasmonic sensors. </LI> <LI> Simple and fast sensing based on pixel by pixel image processing. </LI> <LI> Highly accurate prediction of the refractive index with the error of 0.0001298 RIU. </LI> </UL> </P>

조명에 의한 채도 왜곡에 강건한 피부 색상 보정 방법

황대동(Hwang, Dae-Dong),이근수(Lee, Keun-Soo) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

영상에서 피부영역을 탐지하는 방법은 색상 정보를 이용하여 탐지하는 방법이 일반적이다. 하지만 영상의 채도가 낮아지는 경우 색상정보가 손실되어 올바른 피부영역 탐지가 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 촬영 시 밝은 조명에 의해 채도 정보가 낮아진 피부 영상의 색상 보정 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법의 색상 보정 절차는 채도 영상 획득 및 저채 도 영역 분류, 영역 분할, 분할한 저채도 영역에서의 채도 및 색상값 추출, 색상 보정 순이다. 이 방법은 영상에서 채도가 낮은 부분을 추출한 후 해당 영역 및 주변영역의 색상과 채도를 추출하는 방법을 통해 원 색상과 유사한 색상을 예측하여 적용한다. 따라서 저채도 영역을 올바르게 산출하는 방법이 선행되어야 한다. 저채도 영역을 구하는 과정에서 보다 정확한 영역 분할을 위하여 HSV 색상공간의 Hue 값에 오츠가 제안한 다중문턱치를 이용하여 이진 영상을 만든 후 사용하였다. 170장의 인물 사진들을 사용하여 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안한 방법을 사용하지 않은 피부 결과에 비해 약 5.8% 이상 검출율 이 높게 나타났으며, 제안하는 방법이 피부색 탐지를 위한 전처리에 적합함을 확인하였다. A method for detecting a skin region on the image is generally used to detect the color information. However, If saturation lowered, skin detection is difficult because hue information of the pixels is lost. So in this paper, we propose a method of correcting color of lower saturation of skin region images by the lighting. Color correction process of this method is saturation image acquisition and low-saturation region classification, segmentation, and the saturation of the split in the low saturation region extraction and color values, the color correction sequence. This method extracts the low saturation regions in the image and extract the color and saturation in the region and the surrounding region to produce a color similar to the original color. Therefore, the method of extracting the low saturation region should be correctly preceding. Because more accurate segmentation in the process of obtaining a low saturation regions, we use a multi-threshold method proposed Otsu in Hue values of the HSV color space, and create a binary image. Our experimental results for 170 portrait images show a possibility that the proposed method could be used efficiently preprocessing of skin color detection method, because the detection result of proposed method is 5.8% higher than not used it.

모바일 기기에 적합한 색상 기반 영상 검색 시스템 하드웨어 설계

박용진(Yong-Jin Park),박진홍(Jinhong Park),어영정(Young-Jung Uh),변혜란(Hyeran Byun),한탁돈(Tack-Don Han) 한국정보과학회 2011 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.38 No.2

카메라가 탑재된 모바일 기기의 보급이 증대되고, 사용자가 저장하는 영상의 양이 증가함에 따라 영상 데이터의 효율적인 관리 및 검색을 가능하게 하는 영상 검색 시스템의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 색상 기반 영상 검색 시스템은 영상을 분할하여 각 분할 공간의 색상에 따라 영상의 특징을 부여하고, 다른 영상의 각 공간의 색상 특징과의 차이를 구하여 영상의 유사도를 판단하는 시스템이다. 모바일 기기에서 지원하는 영상의 크기와 양이 증가함에 따라 영상 검색 시스템은 기존의 모바일 CPU를 이용한 소프트웨어 처리 방식으로는 실시간 처리에 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 기기에서 실시간으로 색상 기반 영상검색을 수행할 수 있는 하드웨어 구조를 제안 및 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 하드웨어 구조는 기존의 모바일 CPU를 이용한 방식에 비해 영상 변환은 99%, 영상 검색은 99%의 수행 시간을 단축하였다. As the camera enabled mobile device distribution and the amount of images that users store are increased, there is an increase in the necessity of the image retrieval system which allows an efficient retrieval and management of images. The color-based retrieval system brings out a specific feature, we call as color-feature, by splitting each partition of the space depending on its color. Also, the system determines the similarity of images by calculating the differences from the color-feature from different image's spaces. As the size and quantity of images which are supported by mobile devices increase, the image retrieval system processed using existing software that uses the CPU becomes a limitation in real-time processing. Therefore, we have proposed and implemented a hardware architecture by accomplishing real-time color-based image retrieval system in our study. Compared to the previous method using mobile CPU, experimental results show that the proposed hardware architecture reduces 99% processing time of image conversion and 99% processing time of image retrieval.

Detection of Edges in Color Images

Ganchimeg, Ganbold,Turbat, Renchin The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2014 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.3 No.6

Edge detection considers the important technical details of digital image processing. Many edge detection operators already perform edge detection in digital color imaging. In this study, the edge of many real color images that represent the type of digital image was detected using a new operator in the least square approximation method, which is a type of numerical method. The Linear Fitting algorithm is computationally more expensive compared to the Canny, LoG, Sobel, Prewitt, HIS, Fuzzy, Parametric, Synthetic and Vector methods, and Robert' operators. The results showed that the new method can detect an edge in a digital color image with high efficiency compared to standard methods used for edge detection. In addition, the suggested operator is very useful for detecting the edge in a digital color image.