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Kang, Beom Ryong,Anderson, Anne J.,Kim, Young Cheol The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.1
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites that attack many field crops and orchard trees, and affect both the quantity and quality of the products. A root-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, possesses beneficial traits including strong nematicidal activity. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the nematicidal activity of P. chlororaphis O6, we constructed two mutants; one lacking hydrogen cyanide production, and a second lacking an insecticidal toxin, FitD. Root drenching with wild-type P. chlororaphis O6 cells caused juvenile mortality in vitro and in planta. Efficacy was not altered in the fitD mutant compared to the wild-type but was reduced in both bioassays for the mutant lacking hydrogen cyanide production. The reduced number of galls on tomato plants caused by the wild-type strain was comparable to that of a standard chemical nematicide. These findings suggest that hydrogen cyanide-producing root colonizers, such as P. chlororaphis O6, could be formulated as "green" nematicides that are compatible with many crops and offer agricultural sustainability.
강범룡,Anne J. Anderson,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.1
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites that attack many field crops and orchard trees, and affect both the quantity and quality of the products. A root-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, possesses beneficial traits including strong nematicidal activity. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the nematicidal activity of P. chlororaphis O6, we constructed two mutants; one lacking hydrogen cyanide production, and a second lacking an insecticidal toxin, FitD. Root drenching with wild-type P. chlororaphis O6 cells caused juvenile mortality in vitro and in planta. Efficacy was not altered in the fitD mutant compared to the wild-type but was reduced in both bioassays for the mutant lacking hydrogen cyanide production. The reduced number of galls on tomato plants caused by the wild-type strain was comparable to that of a standard chemical nematicide. These findings suggest that hydrogen cyanide-producing root colonizers, such as P. chlororaphis O6, could be formulated as “green” nematicides that are compatible with many crops and offer agricultural sustainability.
남효송,Anne J. Anderson,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.3
Commercial biocontrol of microbial plant diseases and plant pests, such as nematodes, requires field-effective formulations. The isolate Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a Gram-negative bacterium that controls microbial plant pathogens both directly and indirectly. This bacterium also has nematocidal activity. In this study, we report on the efficacy of a wettable powder-type formulation of P. chlororaphis O6. Culturable bacteria in the formulated product were retained at above 1 × 108 colony forming units/g after storage of the powder at 25 oC for six months. Foliar application of the diluted formulated product controlled leaf blight and gray mold in tomato. The product also displayed preventative and curative controls for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato. Under laboratory conditions and for commercially grown melon, the control was at levels comparable to that of a standard commercial chemical nematicide. The results indicated that the wettable powder formulation product of P. chlororaphis O6 can be used for control of plant microbial pathogens and root-knot nematodes.
Nam, Hyo Song,Anderson, Anne J.,Kim, Young Cheol The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.3
Commercial biocontrol of microbial plant diseases and plant pests, such as nematodes, requires field-effective formulations. The isolate Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a Gram-negative bacterium that controls microbial plant pathogens both directly and indirectly. This bacterium also has nematocidal activity. In this study, we report on the efficacy of a wettable powder-type formulation of P. chlororaphis O6. Culturable bacteria in the formulated product were retained at above $1{\times}10^8$ colony forming units/g after storage of the powder at $25^{\circ}C$ for six months. Foliar application of the diluted formulated product controlled leaf blight and gray mold in tomato. The product also displayed preventative and curative controls for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato. Under laboratory conditions and for commercially grown melon, the control was at levels comparable to that of a standard commercial chemical nematicide. The results indicated that the wettable powder formulation product of P. chlororaphis O6 can be used for control of plant microbial pathogens and root-knot nematodes.
생물학적 살선충제의 뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne incognita) 방제 효과
박문현(Moon-Hyun Park),Buddhi Charana Walpola,김선중(Sun-Joong Kim),윤민호(Min-Ho Yoon) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.2
친환경 선충 방제제 개발을 위해 경북 성주군 선남면 및 충남 공주군 우성면의 시설원예 재배지 토양으로 부터 선충 포식성이 뛰어난 곰팡이 Arthrobotrys thaumasia Nema-1과 선충 표피성분인 collagen과 알집 주성분인 gelatin 분해능이 뛰어난 Bacillus subtilis C-9를 분리 하였다. 이들 분리균을 대상으로 포트실험을 통해 선충치사 효과의 지표인 난낭수 감소를 검토한 결과, 균밀도가 7.0 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> cfu g<SUP>-1</SUP> 인 A. thaumasia Nema-1 곰팡이 제제 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>을 처리시 뿌리혹 선충의 난낭수가 무처리 대비 35% 감소하였다. 포식성 곰팡이 Nema-1 제제와 균밀도가 8.5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> cfu g<SUP>-1</SUP> 인 B. subtilis C-9 세균 제제 각각 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> 혼합 처리구에서는 난낭수가 무처리 대비 67% 감소하였다. 또한 선충치사효과를 증진시키기 위하여 살선충 활성이 있다고 보고된 계피추출물 제제 10 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>을 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-</SUP>의 Nema-1과 C-9 제제와 혼합하여 처리 하였을 때 난낭수가 무처리 대비 84%이상 감소하였으며, 대표적 살선충제인 선충탄(Fosthiazate) 24 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>은 난낭수가 26% 감소한 결과와 비교해 볼 때 훨씬 높은 수준이었다. 이상의 결과는 생물학적 선충방제제는 미생물 또는 식물체 추출물 단제 보다는 혼합물 형태로 사용하는 것이 더 효과적이라는 결과를 제시하였다. An nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys thaumasia Nema-1 and Bacillus subtilis C-9, which degrade the collagen and gelatin, were isolated from horticulture plantation soil in Kyungpook Sungju-gun Seonnam-myun and Chungnam Gongju-gun Woosung-myun to develop biological nematode pesticide. When 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of A. thaumasia Nema-1 nematicide powder (7.0 × 10³ cfu g<SUP>-1</SUP>) was treated to pot including Meloidogyne incognita, the number of nematode’ egg mass, which is a index of nematicidal activity, decreased to 35% compared to control. While the number of nematode’ egg mass decreased to 67% by treating the nematicide powder mixture of 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> Nema<SUP>-1</SUP> and B. subtilis C-9 (8.5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> cfu g<SUP>-1</SUP>). Furthermore the number of nematode’ egg mass of the mixture containing cinnamon extract 10 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, each 5,000 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> of Nema<SUP>-1</SUP> and C-9 nematicide powder was decreased to 84%, comparing to the result showed the number of nematode’ egg mass decreased to 24%, by the treatment of chemical nemato pesticide Fosthiazate 24 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>. These results suggested the mixture of microorganisms and plant extract was more effective biological nematicide than the case of only microorganism or plant extract for nematode control.
생물학적 선충 방제제를 이용한 고구마 뿌리혹선충(Meloidogyne incognita)의 방제효과
박문현(Moon-Hyun Park),김진광(Jin-Kwang Kim),최원호(Won-Ho Choi),윤민호(Min-Ho Yoon) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.2
친환경 선충 방제제 개발을 위해 경북 성주군 선남면 및 충남 공주시 우성면의 시설원예 재배지 토양으로 부터 선충포식성이 뛰어난 곰팡이 Arthrobotrys thaumasia Nema-1과 선충 표피성분인 collagen과 알집 주성분인 gelatin 분해능이 뛰어난 Pseudomonas putida C-5를 분리 하였다. 이들 분리균의 선충치사 효과를 검토한 결과, A. thaumasia Nema-1곰팡이 배양액 5,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP>을 처리 시 방제효과는 72시간 후에 55%이었으나, 포식성 곰팡이 Nema-1과 P. putida C-5 세균 배양액 각각 5,000 mL L-1 혼합 처리구에서는 65%로 상승하였다. 또한 선충치사효과를 증진시키기 위하여 살선충 활성이 있다고 보고된 계피추출물 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>을 5,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 Nema-1과 C-5 배양액과 혼합하여 처리하였을 때 72시간 경과 후의 치사율은 89%로 상승되었으며, 대표적 살선충제인 선충탄 (Fosthiazate) 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 방제가 17%와 님오일 2,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 방제가 57% 보다 훨씬 높은 수준이었다. 이상의 결과는 생물학적 선충방제제는 미생물 또는 식물체 추출물 단제 보다는 혼합물 형태로 사용하는 것이 더 효과적이라는 결과를 제시하였다. An nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys thaumasia Nema-1 and Pseudomonas putida C-5, which degrade the collagen and gelatin, was isolated from controlled horticultural soils in Seonnam-myun, Sungju-gun, Kyungpook and Woosung-myun, Gongju-shi, Chungnam to develop biological nematode pesticide. When 5,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP> of A. thaumasia Nema-1 culture was treated to Meloidogyne incognita, the nematicidal activity resulted in 55% at 72 hours after treatment. While the nematicidal activity increased to 65% by treating the culture mixture of 5,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP> Nema-1 and P. putida C-5 after 72 hours. Furthermore, the nematicidal activity of the mixture containing cinnamon extract 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, each 5,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP> of Nema-1 and C-5 culture was elevated to 89% at 72 hours after treatment, comparing to the result showed 17% and 57% of the nematicidal activity, respectively by the treatment of chemical nemato pesticide Fosthiazate 50 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and neem oil 2,000 mL L<SUP>-1</SUP>. These results suggested that the mixture of microorganisms and plant extract were more effective biological nematicide than the case of only microorganism or plant extract for nematode control.