A Review of the Applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Agricultural Automation

김완수,이원석,김용주 한국농업기계학회 2020 바이오시스템공학 Vol.45 No.4

Purpose The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices for communicating machine to machine (M2M) based on wired and wireless Internet. IoT in agriculture is a revolutionary technology that can be applied to agricultural production year-round. The aim of this study is to summarize cases of IoT being applied to agricultural automation in the agricultural sector and to discuss the limitations and prospects for expanding the application of IoT technology in Korea. Methods The application of IoT in agriculture was classified and analyzed based on previous data, and the sensors and communication technologies used were compared. Based on the analysis results, the limitations of and prospects for IoT in agriculture were discussed. Results IoT was widely used in agriculture, such as management systems, monitoring systems, control systems, and unmanned machinery. In addition, the various wireless communication technologies used in agriculture, such as Wi-Fi, long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN), mobile communication (e.g., 2G, 3G, and 4G), ZigBee, and Bluetooth, were also used in IoT-based agriculture. Conclusion With the development of various communication technologies, such as 5G, it is expected that faster and broader IoT technologies will be applied to various agricultural processes in the future. IoT-based agriculture equipped with a communication system suitable for each agricultural environment can contribute to agricultural automation by increasing crop quality and production and reducing labor.

농촌 자동화를 위한 원격 제어 장치 개발

최종준(Jong Jun Choi),박상호(Sang Ho Park),최영규(Young Kiu Choi) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌 IE (Industry electronics) Vol.45 No.4

본 논문은 PLC를 이용하여 화훼재배, 수경재배, 비닐하우스재배 등에 응용할 수 있는 원격제어장치를 개발하였다. 정보처리 및 자동화 분야의 급속한 발전으로 원격공장 자동화, Home Automation 등이 개발되어 실용화 되었으나 높은 가격으로 인한 경제적인 문제로 농업 응용분야에 적용하기에는 어려움이 많다. PLC를 이용하여 간단한 모듈로 고가의 시스템의 기능을 대체함으로서 경제성이 뛰어난 제품을 개발하였고 화훼재배, 비닐하우스 등 농촌지역의 자동화 시스템 개발의 가능성을 보였다. 모터제어기술, 마이크로프로세서, PLC프로그래밍, 무선 인터페이스 기술을 종합적으로 구현하여 본 자동화기술 시스템의 응용 모듈을 개발함으로써 화훼재배, 수경재배 등과 같이 사람의 출입이 제한되고 작업이 어려운 곳에 원격제어를 통해 효과적으로 시스템을 제어할 수 있도록 하였다. The purpose of this paper is to build a system applicable to floriculture, hydroponics and vinyl house agriculture by a development of remote control equipments using programmable logic controllers (PLC). Remote factory automation and home automation systems have been developed and used due to the rapid progress in the fields of information and automation; however, the systems are so expensive that their applications have not been feasible in agriculture. So we have developed simple modules for PLC to replace the expensive conventional systems. The developed systems have potentials to be applied to automation systems in agricultural industry. Technologies for motor control, microprocessor, PLC programming and wireless interface are developed and implemented in the form of application modules of our systems, and our system is applicable to the remote farm automation of floriculture and hydroponics

ICT Agriculture Support System for Chili Pepper Harvesting

( Younghwan Byun ),( Sechang Oh ),( Min Choi ) 한국정보처리학회 2020 Journal of information processing systems Vol.16 No.3

In this paper, an unmanned automation system for harvesting chili peppers through image recognition in the color space is proposed. We developed a cutting-edge technology in terms of convergence between information and communication technology (ICT) and agriculture. Agriculture requires a lot of manpower and entails hard work by the laborers. In this study, we developed an autonomous application that can obtain the head coordinates of a chili pepper using image recognition based on the OpenCV library. As an alternative solution to labor shortages in rural areas, a robot-based chili pepper harvester is proposed as a convergence technology between ICT and agriculture requiring hard labor. Although agriculture is currently a very important industry for human workers, in the future, we expect robots to have the capability of harvesting chili peppers autonomously.

모듈형 농업로봇의 다양한 밭 노지 작업 특성 연구

장선호(Sun-Ho Jang),홍형길(Hyin-Ggil Hong),윤해룡(Hae-Yong Yun),강민수(Min-Su Kang),박관형(Kwan-hyung Park),권태희(Tae-hee Kwon),천원기(Won-Ki Chun),김대현(Dae-Hyun Kim),조용준(Yongjun-Jin Cho) 한국기계가공학회 2024 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This paper addresses the challenges posed by an aging population and declining interest in agriculture, leading to a decrease in rural population and domestic agricultural competitiveness in South Korea. To bolster productivity in the face of a rising proportion of elderly farm managers and diminishing agricultural land area, the paper explores the integration of autonomous farming equipment modules with Agricultural Robots. These modules aim to enhance efficiency and performance across various crop types and cultivation methods, while their user-friendly features make them accessible to elderly and female farmers, thereby maximizing productivity. The study evaluates the modules based on stability, convenience, eco-friendliness, high efficiency, and automation. By promoting advanced technologies like autonomous control and robotic integration, this research aims to address challenges related to an aging agricultural workforce and boost overall agricultural productivity.

시설 농업 무인 관리를 위한 식물 생산 로봇 개발

김경철(Kyoung-Chul Kim),유범상(Beom-Sahng Ryuh) 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.5

Environmental change, labor shortage, and international trade politics make agricultural automation ever more important. The automation demands the highest technology due to the nature of agriculture. In this paper, autonomous pesticide spray robot system has been developed for rose farming in the glass house. We developed drive platform, navigation/localization system, atomization spray system, autonomous, remote, and manual operation system, and monitoring system. The robot will be a great contribution to automation of hazardous labor-demanding chore of pesticide control in glass houses.

임베디드 서버 기반 영농 모니터링 자동화 시스템 구현

전병찬,조상엽,이상정 한국지식정보기술학회 2014 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.3

Due to the aging, the domestic agriculture's one third of the total rural population is decreasing during last 10 years, and the decreasing process of farmers is ongoing. To solve the labor of the fewer people in agriculture, automation systems are introduced to improve productivity in developed countries. Thus, the systems should provide the solutions for the shortage problem of working population in agriculture. The automation system should be low-cost to be adopted widely by farmers. To implement this kind of automated systems, it requires the development of low-cost sensors which has stable operation with network connection to the server. And the server can monitor in real time with the ability of connection to smarthpone. In this paper, agricultural monitoring and automation system based on embedded server is implemented. The system collects agricultural environment data such as temperature, humidity, Co2 with low-cost sensors, and monitors them with real-time on a smartphone. Also, it actuates remotely LED lighting, ceiling door by a smartphone. In addition, the video can be monitored with a networked camera applicaion (IPOLIS application) installed on a smartphone.

LiDAR 센서 활용 객체 인식기술이 적용된 농업용 자율주행 이송 로봇 개발

김종실(Jong-Sil Kim),주영태(Yeong-Tae Ju),김응곤(Eung-Kon Kim) 한국전자통신학회 2021 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.3

우리나라 농업은 고령화로 인해 인력이 부족해 생산성이 감소하고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 농업용 로봇시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있으며 농업용 로봇의 원격제어와 자율주행에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 농업용 로봇의 외형 및 구조를 설계하고 구동을 위한 장치 및 제어시스템을 구현하였다. LiDAR 센서를 활용, 최적화해 자율주행을 위한 필수 기능인 객체 인식기술을 적용하였다. 이를 통해 농업에서 노동력이 가장 많이 필요한 운송작업의 인건비 절감과 더불어 생산성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. Agriculture in South Korea is losing productivity due to the lack of manpower as aging population increases. To overcome this, the agricultural robot market is growing rapidly, and research is being conducted on remote control and autonomous driving of agricultural robots. This work designs the appearance and structure of agricultural robots and implements the devices and control systems for driving. By utilizing and optimizing LiDAR sensors, we applied object recognition technology, which is an essential function for autonomous driving. This can reduce labor costs and improve productivity of transportation tasks that require the most labor in agriculture.

Automated Crop Production For the $21^{St}$ Century

Lu, F.M. Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2000 Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol.1 No.1

After ten years of implementing the agricultural automation program in Taiwan, some positive effects and satisfactory results have been recognized by both the agricultural industry and local administrative bureaux. The automation of agriculture is a response to sophisticated demands for production and quality in countries with high labor costs. The development of sensor systems, control systems, precision agriculture systems, and engineering for plant culture systems will determine the degree of automation used for crop production in the 21st century. The engineering system will capitalize upon expertise from physiologists, pathologists, systems analysts, agronomists, horticulturists, computer programmers, economists, crop producers and managers in order to efficiently implement automated crop production.

Need of Automation in Paddy Nurseries for Raising Paddy Seedlings in India: a Review

Choudhary Vinod,Machavaram Rajendra 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.2

Purpose Paddy seedling raising is a time-consuming, laborious, and high-energy input operation in nurseries with a systematic approach, repetitive motion, and a well-suited structured environment. The semi-automatic paddy seedling preparation units are cumbersome due to the limitations on manual feeding of feed material for desired quantity, watering, discharging, and tray stacking with respect to work duration and skill of the worker. Automation in paddy seedling preparation has allowed the farmers for saving in labor, energy input, and time required for raising seedlings and also monitoring all the variables in uniform distribution of feeding material, viz., soil organic mixture, paddy seeds, watering, tray discharging, tray stacking, and growth environment under paddy nurseries. Methods Mat-type paddy seedling preparation using recent IoT or embedded electronic system-based technologies have been extensively surveyed for working on automatic tray discharging, tray stacking, and feed mechanisms to set up the desired quantity of material in paddy nurseries. Apart from this, we have reviewed different existing practices for paddy seedling preparation. Results The automated systems have helped ease the paddy seedling preparation operation, efficient vigor, and healthy seedlings growth by preserving the precision, accuracy, and effectiveness in raising paddy seedlings with minimal human interference. Conclusions This review highlights the research gaps and development in smart paddy seedling preparation technologies used in paddy transplanting with propermanagement and monitoring. The above advances will improve the efficiency of paddy seedling mat preparation to increase the quality and quantity of the product and pose an opportunity for the growth of the mat preparation market in the near future in paddy cultivation.

시설농장 무선원격 반자동 방제시스템 개발

김경철(Kyoung Chul Kim),유범상(Beom Sahng Ryuh),양창완(Chang Wan Yang),장교근(Kyogun Chang) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2010 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.27 No.9

Agricultural automation has become more and more important by environmental change. The automation demands the highest technology due to the ever changing various conditions in agriculture system. In the paper, semi-autonomous pesticide spray robot system has been developed for rose farming in the glass house. The robot is in autonomous mode during pesticide spraying process driven on pipe rail. The robot is manually driven while moving from a rail to the next rail. The drive platform and autonomous operation control system are developed based on IT fusion technology. The pesticide spray system is also developed with nozzles and booms for precision mist spray system. Experimental data of nozzle test is also included.