In-network Distributed Event Boundary Computation in Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, State of the art and Future Directions

( Farhana Jabeen ),( Sarfraz Nawaz ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.11

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a promising technology for monitoring physical phenomena at fine-grained spatial and temporal resolution. However, the typical approach of sending each sensed measurement out of the network for detailed spatial analysis of transient physical phenomena may not be an efficient or scalable solution. This paper focuses on in-network physical phenomena detection schemes, particularly the distributed computation of the boundary of physical phenomena (i.e. event), to support energy efficient spatial analysis in wireless sensor networks. In-network processing approach reduces the amount of network traffic and thus achieves network scalability and lifetime longevity. This study investigates the recent advances in distributed event detection based on in-network processing and includes a concise comparison of various existing schemes. These boundary detection schemes identify not only those sensor nodes that lie on the boundary of the physical phenomena but also the interior nodes. This constitutes an event geometry which is a basic building block of many spatial queries. In this paper, we introduce the challenges and opportunities for research in the field of in-network distributed event geometry boundary detection as well as illustrate the current status of research in this field. We also present new areas where the event geometry boundary detection can be of significant importance.

The Research on the Distribution Network Reconfiguration and the Application of Immune Particle Swarm Optimization

Zucheng Huang,Lixia Chen,Wei Chen,Xiaojun Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.11

With the rapid development of national economy, the demand for electricity is more intense. There is a new demand for the security, reliability and applicability of the power distribution system. The power distribution system is an important component of power systems. It plays an important role in connecting power production and users. Now the most important problem is nonlinear combinatorial optimization in large-scale mixed lines and how to reconfigure the distribution network. However, by deeply analyzing and studying immune particle swarm optimization, the mathematical model of distribution network reconfiguration is established. By coding the characteristics of closed-loop design and open-loop operation, it aims to reduce the consumption of network, balance the grid load, eliminate the current overload and achieve the ultimate goal of improving the power supply reliability.

네트워크 기반 제어를 위한 LonWorks/IP 라우터의 설계 및 구현

현진욱(Jin Wook Hyun),최기상(Gi Sang Choi),최기홍(Gi Heung Choi) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

Demand for the technology for access to device control network in industry and for access to building automation system via internet is on the increase. In such technology integration of a device control network with a data network such as internet and organizing wide-ranging DCS(distributed control system) is needed, and it can be realized in the framework of VDN(virtual device network). Specifications for device control network and data network are quite different because of the differences in application. So a router that translates the communication protocol between device control network and data network, and efficiently transmits information to destination is needed for implementation of the VDN(virtual device network), This paper proposes the concept of NCS(networked control system) based on VDN(virtual device network) and suggests the routing algorithm that uses embedded system.

A visiting scheme of mobile sink system in distributed sensor networks

Sang-Joon Park(박상준),Jong-Chan Lee(이종찬) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.11

센서 네트워크는 네트워크 응용 목적에 따라 적합하게 설계되어야 하며, 이에 따라서 유효한 응용 기능을 지원할 수 있다. 특정 네트워크 환경을 고려하지 않은 일반적인 전략을 사용하는 것 보다 적합한 네트워크 모델의 설계를 기반으로 네트워크 수명시간을 극대화 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산 무선 센서 네트워크에서 이동 싱크에 대한 비결정형 에이전트 방식을 제안한다. 센서 네트워크 지역은 여러 분산 구역으로 나누어질 수 있다. 그러므로 이러한 네트워크에 대해 만족스러운 네트워크 관리를 구현하기 위하여 특정 네트워크 모델에 따른 적합한 방식이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 방식에 대한 분석과 시뮬레이션 결과의 평가를 제공한다. The sensor networks should be appropriately designed by applied network purpose, so that they can support proper application functions. Based on the design of suitable network model, the network lifetime can be maximized than using other general strategies which have not the consideration of specific network environments. In this paper, we propose a non-deterministic agent scheme to the mobile sink in distributed wireless sensor networks. The sensor network area can be divided into several sensor regions. Hence, to these such networks, the specified suitable scheme is requested by the applied network model to implement satisfactory network management. In this paper, we theoretically represent the proposed scheme, and provide the evaluation with the simulation results.

P2P 네트워크와 블록체인에 기초한 분산원장 기술의 특징 및 이에 따른 법적 문제 -비트코인 네트워크를 중심으로-

김관식 ( Kim Kwan-shik ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2020 과학기술법연구 Vol.26 No.1

분산원장 기술은 개인키-공개키 방식의 암호화기술, P2P 컴퓨터 네트워크, 블록체인 기술이 복합적으로 결합되어 있는 융합기술적 특징을 가지고 있다. 본고에서는 ICT 분야의 다양한 기술을 복합적으로 결합한 분산원장기술을, P2P기술, 해시코드 암호화 기술, 블록체인의 형성 등 분산원장기술을 구성하는 세부 기술요소별로 파악하고, 이러한 기술적 본질의 이해를 바탕으로, 이로부터 발생할 수 있는 다양한 법적 쟁점에 관하여 가상화폐 등의 거래수단의 관점, 문서 등 자료의 원본성 담보기술의 관점 및 분산원장이 네트워크상 구현되는 기술적 특징에 따른 법적 효과의 관점 등으로부터 분산원장 기술이 가지는 법적 문제에 관하여 검토하였다. 특히 분산원장이 네트워크상 구현된다는 점에 기초하여, 특허법상 발명의 성립성, 발명의 진보성, 분산실시에 따른 특허권 및 저작권 침해의 관점에서도 논의 하였다. 분산원장 기술은 현재 논란의 대상이 되는 가상화폐의 발행뿐만 아니라 문서의 원본성 담보 및 컴퓨터프로그램을 통하여 계약을 자동적으로 체결하고 이행하는 스마트 계약의 관점에서 많은 발전 가능성이 기대되므로 계속적인 연구가 기대된다. Distributed ledger technology has a characteristics of convergence technology that combines private key-public key encryption technology, P2P computer network, and blockchain technology. In this paper, we first try to identify the technical aspects of distributed ledger technology that combines various technologies in the ICT field by detailing technical elements that make up the distributed ledger technology such as P2P network, hash code encryption, and blockchain formation technology. Based on the understanding of the technology, various legal issues resulting from these technical features were discussed. The legal issues were reviewed from the perspective of transaction means such as cryptocurrency, originality guarantee technology of documents, and the legal effects of distributed ledgers on the P2P network. In addition, based on the fact that distributed ledgers are implemented on P2P computer network, discussions were also made in terms of the subject matter patentability of the invention under the Patent Law, the inventive-step of the invention, and the infringement of patent rights and copyrights. Since distributed ledger technology is expected to develop further especially in the aspects of smart contracts that automatically implement contracts as well as document originality guarantee technology, further ongoing research should be needed.

인터넷 종합쇼핑몰에서 상품네트워크의 구조적 특성과 매출성과 간의 상관관계 분석

정석봉 한국경영교육학회 2015 경영교육연구 Vol.30 No.3

Recently, researches about applying social network analysis to marketing have been increased. The previous researches have focused on designing networks based on customer’s purchase behaviors and making analysis schemes for marketing purposes. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between results of social network analysis and sales performance of a company. To this end, we designed product networks based on customer’s purchase behaviors in a certain internet shopping mall and interpreted the meaning of structure attributes of product networks at network levels. And we conducted a multiple regression analysis between the attributes and sales performances of the mall. Additionally, we designed two kinds of product networks according to the type of networks, binary and weighted network, and confirmed which type of network is more suitable to explain sales performance. As a results, we found that degree and strength of a product network is distributed according to a power law like general social networks. Also, it was confirmed that the more kinds of product being traded, the higher scope and strength on linked products at network levels, the lower the inclusiveness, the lower the tendency of monopolization has a greater positive impact on sales performance of the mall. In addition, we found that weighted networks have better explanatory power to the sales performance of internet shopping mall than binary networks. 최근 사회네트워크분석을 기업의 마케팅 활동에 활용하고자 하는 연구가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 연구들은 주로 고객의 구매패턴을 기반으로 네트워크를 구성하고 마케팅 활동을 위한 분석 기법을 개발하는데 초점을 두었다. 본 연구에서는 기업의 마케팅 활동을 위한 특정 분석기법 개발에 선행하여, 사회네트워크분석 결과와 기업의 판매성과 간의 상관관계를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 국내의 한 인터넷 종합쇼핑몰의 고객 구매내역 데이터를 기반으로 상품네트워크를 구성하고, 크기, 밀도, 포괄성 및 멱함수 지수 등 네트워크 수준의 구조적 특성이 상품네트워크에서 갖는 의미를 해석하며, 각 특성이 쇼핑몰의 매출성과에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀모형을 통해 분석하였다. 더불어, 네트워크의 모델링 방법에 따라 이진 및 가중 네트워크의 형태로 상품네트워크를 각각 구성하고 분석결과를 상호 비교함으로써 기업의 판매성과를 설명하는데 적합한 모델링 방법이 무엇인지 규명하였다. 분석결과, 인터넷 종합쇼핑몰의 상품네트워크는 일반적인 사회네트워크와 유사하게 연결정도 및 강도 측면에서 멱함수 분포를 갖는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 거래되는 상품의 종류가 많을수록, 네트워크 수준에서 연결구매의 범위 및 강도가 높을수록, 포괄성이 낮을수록, 그리고 연결구매의 독점화 경향이 낮을수록 매출성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 이진네트워크에 비해 정보의 손실이 적은 가중네트워크가 쇼핑몰의 매출 성과를 보다 잘 설명하고 있음을 밝혔다.

SDN Controller 배포를 이용한 산업 분산형 네트워크 관리 기법

박도권,정종필 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.4

SDN은 통신에서의 트래픽 문제를 해결하기 위해 가장 활발하게 연구되고 있는 주제 중 하나이다. SDN은 진보된API를 통해 네트워크 자원을 가상화하여 하나의 물리적 네트워크에서 다중 네트워크를 구현한다. Network Function Virtualized(NFV)는 네트워크 기능을 소프트웨어 인스턴트, 가상화 기술을 사용하는 하드웨어에서 VNF으로 배포한다. 이러한 기능은 IP, 라우터등을 가상화하여 네트워크 관리를 쉽게하고 성능을 향상시킨다. 본 논문은 가상화된 산업 네트워크에서 SDN 배포를 통해 SDN의 분산 컨트롤러 효과를 제공하고 트래픽을 제어하는 방식을 제안하였다. SDN 배포는제안된 기법을 사용시 트래픽 관리를 보다 효율적으로 할 수 있으리라 기대한다. SDN is one of the most actively researched topics to solve traffic problems in communication. SDN implements multiple networks in a single physical network by virtualizing network resources through an advanced API. Network Function Virtualized (NFV) distributes network functions from hardware using software instant, virtualization technology to VNF. These features make network management easier and improve performance by virtualizing IP, routers, and so on. In this paper, we propose a method to control the traffic and provide the distributed controller effect of SDN through SDN distribution in the virtualized industrial network. It is expected that SDN distribution will be able to manage traffic more efficiently when using the proposed scheme.

연구논문 : 정보통신망장애죄에서 장애의 의미 및 예비,음모에 대한 입법론

최호진 ( Ho Jin Choi ),백소연 ( So Yeon Baek ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2015 법학논총 Vol.39 No.3

In information society where information technology is networked throughout society, the act of causing damage to computer system is a criminal act that can bring about a severe threat on information communication network, not simply a problem of the use of software function. In order to cause interference on the targeting system, attackers go through the structures of many stages from preparing attacks to implementing them, which involves various illegal acts. However, the existing criminal punishments do not reflect the structural characteristics of information communications network interference crime, and merely stipulate the behavior methods and results as elements of a crime; thus they are unable to appropriately regulate the actual criminal acts of information communications network interference. Therefore, by focusing on Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), one of the most common attack techniques of information communications network interference crime, this research aims to present an analysis of the current criminal rules and problems of applicability, and a plan to increase the efficiency of regulation. To begin with, this research first divided the behavioral forms according to each stage of DDoS process in regards to when criminal standards intervene. Then it discussed the time at which the direct risk of infringement on information communications network-the benefit and protection of this crime? is admitted. Furthermore, in order to clarify the range of actual information communications network interference crime within the scope of criminal protection, this research reviews the meaning of ‘interference,’ which is the standard for classifying the actual and attempted crime. Next, the research discussed the applicability of information communications network interference crime (Information Network Law §48 ③), computer interference with business crime (Criminal Law §314 ②), and property damage crime (Criminal Law §366). Information communications network interference is a concept that includes damage on software and hardware, and it also refers to the cases of being unable to practically use information communications network, using it for other purposes, or deteriorated information processing function. However, when information communications network interference is interpreted by including the use of its function for other purposes and deteriorated function to expand the concept of interference, a problem that the punishment rules of this crime can be applied to a general and legal use of information network is raised. Therefore, in order to maintain the legitimacy of criminal intervention, this paper suggests an interpretation that the concept of interference should be limited to cases in which the integrity and availability of information communications network have been clearly infringed, considering the benefit and protection of this crime. The flaws of punishment for this crime appear when the characteristics of attack technique according to technological development are not considered. Recently, many information and communications network crimes occur in the form of DDoS, which attackers carry out by using remote-control botnets above a certain scale to attack. A botnet is an element that determines interference, the component result of this crime. Considering its development process and completed development, it is necessary to punish a botnet as its illegal purpose and the risk of infringement on information communications network can be admitted. This research presented a criminal legislative theory on botnet, by reviewing whether the components of botnet development fulfills the preparation·conspiracy crime.

IPTV네트워크 중심의 과학전시 활용 연구

전인하(Jun, in ha),김경훈(Kim, Kyung Hoon) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2013 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.14 No.-

본 연구의 주제는 IPTV의 양 방향성 기능을 통해 전국 12개 전시장을 하나로 연결하는 IPTV네트워크를 통해 미래 전시 네트워크 혁신을 다루고자 한다. 전국 12개 전시장의 네트워크화는 인터넷 온라인망을 통해 관람객들과 바이어에게 보다 많은 양의 정보를 동시에 제공한다. IPTV네트워크과학전시는 물리적 공간 이동이 아니라 영상공간의 이동을 경험하면서 실시간 전시와 마케팅의 효율을 높이고자 연구되었다. 특히 IPTV 특성인 양 방향성이 바이어와 상담자를 연결하는 기능으로 확장되어 상담액의 증가로 이어진다. 이것을 2008년부터 2012년까지의 전시산업연구회 상담 액의 통계자료를 바탕으로 ‘전시장의 네트워크화가 마케팅과 밀접한 관계를 보인다.’는 가설 ‘2008년부터 2012년 전시산업 통계’를 SPSS21.0 회귀분석을 통해 연구했다. 이미 IPTV 가입자 700만 시대가 대중화를 맞았다. 2014년경 1,000만 시대를 넘어설 거라는 예측도 나왔다. IPTV는 모바일과 스마트란 최신 트랜드에 가장 잘 어울리는 방송서비스 이다. 이번 소논문은 지난 2008년 - 2012년 전시산업 통계 자료를 중심으로 마케팅 증가 동향요인을 분석하여 미래의 전시 시장의 네트워크화가 기업 홍보와 상담액의 증가로 이어진다는 가설을 증명하는데 목적이 있다. 인터넷TV 인터페이스 공간에서의 IPTV 양방향성을 활용하여 전시구조의 방법과 진보를 예측해 보고자 한다. 또한, 상담액의 증가를 통해 전시산업의 미래를 다각적으로 가늠해 보고자 한다. 전시 용역이나 1회적인 부스 활용이 디지털 파일화 되어 영구적인 자료로 활용되고 상담자들에게 보다 진보된 자료를 보여줌으로써 신뢰와 상담 기법의 변화가 마케팅 효율에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 방법으로 정착 될 수 있다. IPTV 가입자 1,000만 시대에 걸맞는 현대인의 특성인 언제 어디서나 이용 가능한 정보와 커뮤니케이션(M-commerce) 활동이 경제 활동에 이용될 때 발생하는 시장의 확장을 예측하고자 한다. Currently, it is estimated that we already have 7 million IPTV subscribers in Korea. The number is expected to grow up to over 10 million by the year 2014. The IPTV network technology is indeed the most fashionable broadcasting service which is best suited for the recent trend in the mobile and smart device technology. The mobility combined with the “smart” capacity of modern communication devices will allow us to process data collected at the networked cyber exhibition site regarding the sales and use of various products and other contextual information such as the locations and time so that we can draw useful statistical information. The purpose of this study is to formulate and propose the innovative future model of the exhibition network connecting 12 national exhibition sites through the use of the bi-direction communication capability of the IPTV network. The proposed IPTV exhibition network is capable of providing vast variety of information to potential buyers and other visitors through the on-line exhibition site which connects multiple national exhibition sites through the high-speed communication network. The proposed IPTV exhibition network can achieve the maximum marketing efficiency by enabling their visitors to walk through the cyberspace exhibition which is being displayed in real-time. Especially the bi-directional communication capacity of the proposed IPTV exhibition network can facilitate the communication between buyers and sellers resulting significant increase in realized sales contracts. Our hypothesis is that the networking of exhibition sites would have significant impact on the overall marketing efficiency. In order to test this hypothesis, we use the statistical regression and analysis of variance on the data for the year 2008 through 2012 compiled and reported by the national exhibition research group.

Reliability Assessment of Distribution Network Considering Mobile Energy Storage Vehicles and Dynamic Zonal Coupling

Yang Wei,Wang Dan,Guo Jingming,Zhang Yijiao,Zhang Jiajia,Bian Zhaoyuan 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.1

Mobile energy storage spatially and temporally transports electric energy and has fexible dispatching, and it has the potential to improve the reliability of distribution networks. In this paper, we studied the reliability assessment of the distribution network with power exchange from mobile energy storage units, considering the coupling diferences among diferent time and zones of the vehicle–road–network system. First, we constructed a basic mobile energy storage operation framework that supports the distribution network reliability. Next, we proposed a quantitative model to describe the dynamic zonal coupled vehicle–road–network system. Based on this model, the corresponding charging and discharging scheduling strategies for diferent mobile energy storage units are well designed to improve the efciency of power support. Then, we provided a distribution network reliability assessment algorithm handling the power exchange from mobile energy storage units. Finally, we used the IEEE 33-node example system to clarify the necessity of the vehicle–road–network model in accounting for dynamic zonal coupling. We also analyzed the impact of diferent characteristics of mobile energy storage on the reliability of the distribution network, and verifed that one can improve the distribution network reliability by increasing the response speed, power capacity, or charging/discharging power of mobile energy storage vehicles.