실용적인 혼합물 성분 공정변수 실험설계

임용빈 ( Yong B Lim ) 한국품질경영학회 2011 품질경영학회지 Vol.39 No.3

Process variables are factors in an experiment that are not mixture components but could affect the blending properties of the mixture ingredients. For example, the effectiveness of an etching solution which is measured as an etch rate is not only a function of the proportions of the three acids that are combined to form the mixture, but also depends on the temperature of the solution and the agitation rate. Efficient designs for the mixture components-process variables experiments depend on the mixture components-process variables model which is called a combined model. We often use the product model between the canonical polynomial model for the mixture and process variables model as a combined model. In this paper we propose three starting models for the mixture components-process variables experiments. One of the starting model we are considering is the model which includes product terms up to cubic order interactions between mixture effects and the linear & pure quadratic effect of the process variables from the product model. In this paper, we propose a method for finding robust designs and practical designs with respect to D-, G-, and I-optimality for the various starting combined models and then, we find practically efficient and robust designs for estimating the regression coefficients for those models. We find the prediction capability of those recommended designs in the case of three components and three process variables to be good by checking FDS(Fraction of Design Space) plots.

Experimental Designs for Computer Experiments and for Industrial Experiments with Model Unknown

Fang, Kai-Tai The Korean Statistical Society 2002 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.31 No.3

Most statistical designs, such as orthogonal designs and optimal designs, are based on a specific statistical model. It is very often that the experimenter does not completely know the underlying model between the response and the factors. In computer experiments, the underlying model is known, but too complicated. In this case we can treat the model as a black box, or model to be unknown. Both cases need a space filling design. The uniform design is one of space filling designs and seeks experimental points to be uniformly scattered on the domain. The uniform design can be used for computer experiments and also for industrial experiments when the underlying model is unknown. In this paper we shall introduce the theory and method of the uniform design and related data analysis and modelling methods. Applications of the uniform design to industry and other areas are discussed.

품질경영학회 50주년 특별호: 실험계획법 분야 연구 리뷰

김상익 ( Sang Ik Kim ),이상복 ( Sang Bok Lee ),임용빈 ( Yong Bin Lim ),장대흥 ( Dae Heung Jang ) 한국품질경영학회 2016 품질경영학회지 Vol.44 No.2

Purpose: This article focuses on the reviewing the papers published in the Journal of the Korean Society for Quality Control (JKSQC) and the Journal of the Korean Society for Quality Management (JKSQM) since 1965, in the area of design of experiments. In this paper, moreover, some other contents of another statistical quality control areas is included. Methods: The reviewed articles are classified into the three main categories: theory and application of experimental designs, response surface methodology and mixture experiments, and roust designs. Some omitted papers in the other areas of reviewing works are also included in this paper, and the contents and relationships of the published articles are examined and summarized in each sub-field. Results: We summarize the reviewed papers in the chronological road-maps for each sub-field, and outline the relations of the connected papers. We provide comments on the contents and the contributions of the reviewed papers. The future direction of the research in the theory and application areas of experimental designs can be provided by the contents of this research. Conclusion: The diverse topics on the improving the quality in the various industry fields are studied and published on the theory, methodology and the empirical application in the fields of designs of experiments. We can see that the Korean Society for Quality Management (KSQM) has tremendously contributed on the improvement of quality in the manufacturing and service industries by publishing the reviewed articles in this paper.

혼합물 실험 계획법을 활용한 세정용 계면활성제 혼합물 조성의 최적화

송마리아 ( Maria Song ),진병석 ( Byung Suk Jin ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.5

최고 품질의 클렌징 제품 개발을 위해서 계면활성제 혼합물 조성의 최적화를 시도하였다. 사전실험을 통해 세정력, 기포형성력, 오염률에서 각각 우수한 특성을 나타내는 계면활성제 3종 sodium cocoyl alaninate (SCoA), cocamidopropyl betaine (CPB), decyl glucoside (DG)을 선정하였다. 계면활성제 혼합물의 심플렉스 중심 설계 배열에 따른 실험을 수행하고, 실험에서 얻어진 데이터를 가지고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 통계적으로 유의미한 반응 표면 모델식을 구하고, 세 개의 반응변수의 동시 최적화 과정을 통해 계면활성제 혼합물의 최적 조성은 SCoA (0.22), CPB (0.78), DG (0.00)으로 구해졌다. The main goal of this study was to find an optimal surfactant mixture composition for the development of the best performing cleansing products. Three different surfactants including sodium cocoyl alaninate (SCoA), cocamidopropyl betaine (CPB), and decyl glucoside (DG) were selected, which showed excellent properties in detergency, foaming height, and contamination rate through preliminary experiments. The experiments by simplex centroid design matrix for surfactant mixtures were performed, and the regression analysis was conducted with the experimental data. Surface response model equations, which is statistically significant (p < 0.05), were obtained. The optimal composition of the surfactant mixture was also determined as SCoA (0.22), CPB (0.78), and DG(0.00) from simultaneous optimization of three response variables.

레몬 소금 표준화를 위한 레몬과 소금의 배합비 연구

정태철 (사)한국조리학회 2022 한국조리학회지 Vol.28 No.10

This study was conducted to manufacture salt to which the peel and flesh of lemon were added, using a mixture experiment design. Analyses of the general composition and anti-oxidation of the peel and flesh of lemon were conducted, and the mixing ratio was designed in an augmented design, and 14 types of samples were manufactured to conduct a sensory test and a physico-chemical test. In the general composition analysis, there were significant differences in all parts of moisture, crude ash, crude fat, crude carbohydrate, and Kcal, except for crude protein, and anti-oxidation was higher in the peel of lemon than in the flesh. With the findings of the sensory test of the 14 types of lemon salt mixtures, the peel of lemon, the flesh of lemon, and salt interaction were analyzed for optimization. The 1st optimization showed the degree of convergence of 72.7%; however, color (3.96) and appearance (3.77) showed lower-than-average preference, so the optimization was conducted again, dropping the color and appearance. The degree of convergence increased to 84.1%, and the optimum mixing ratio estimated based on that was as follows. Peel of lemon : flesh of lemon : salt=39.5% : 40.6% : 19.9%=100%. At this time, the physico-chemical characteristics were as follows. Salinity: 2.15, pH: 2.79, Sugar content: 2.69, Brightness: 54.12, redness: −0.42, and yellowness: 0.587. An analysis of complex changes in the product in which other values are affected by one value when it is changed, since the characteristics of ingredients are different, based on this study that developed lemon salt that could reduce salt intake, using the mixture experiment design can get results with high accuracy even with fewer experiments. It is judged that this would be an economic and effective experimental method in the experiments for developing foods, which take a lot of time and cost.

MEASURES OF SLOPE ROTATABILITY FOR MIXTURE EXPERIMENT DESIGNS

하정철 한국데이터정보과학회 2007 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The concept of slope rotatability introduced by Hader and Park(1978) is available when we are interested in the difference of the responses. Since there can be constraints on the factor levels in mixture experiments, there arises a need for adaptation of the concept of slope rotatability and the measure to assess it. In this article, measures of slope rotatability in mixture experiments are proposed to quantify the amount of slope rotatability for a given design. Measures for a restricted region design as well as for an unrestricted region design are presented. Then, the designs having different optimalities are compared with respect to these measures by some examples.

Measures Of Slope Rotatability For Mixture Experiment Designs

Ha, Jeong-Cheol Korean Data and Information Science Society 2007 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The concept of slope rotatability introduced by Hader and Park(1978) is available when we are interested in the difference of the responses. Since there can be constraints on the factor levels in mixture experiments, there arises a need for adaptation of the concept of slope rotatability and the measure to assess it. In this article, measures of slope rotatability in mixture experiments are proposed to quantify the amount of slope rotatability for a given design. Measures for a restricted region design as well as for an unrestricted region design are presented. Then, the designs having different optimalities are compared with respect to these measures by some examples.

합성목재의 난연성 확보를 위한 혼합물 실험계획 사례

서호진,권민서,이건명,주혜진,변재현 한국품질경영학회 2022 품질경영학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Purpose: This paper addresses a case study of developing a flame retardant wood-plastic composites (WPC) by adding tannic acid to the existing synthetic wood. The optimal mixing ratios of six components are explored to minimize the burning time using two mixture designs. Methods: In the preliminary experiment, six components are considered to find important components and their ranges. Seven D-optimal mixture design points are generated. Two points are removed for the balance of plastic components to be maintained, and the remaining five points are augmented with two basic compositions. Four components are selected to be considered in the main experiment. In the main experiment, pellets are extruded at the eight mixture design points. In-house testing of burning time is executed three times. Specimens made of pellets from two promising flame retardant compositions are sent to the accredited laboratories and tested. Results: The test results are as follows: 1) The best composition (Wood flour, Tannic acid, PE, Lubricant) = (25, 41, 10, 2) (wt%) shows the burning time of 1 second, which is 9-fold improvement compared to the the burning time of 9 seconds from the existing composition (58, 0, 10, 2) (wt%). 2) The second best composition (41, 25, 10, 2) (wt%) results in the burning time of 2 seconds. This composition is inferior to the best composition in terms of the flame retardancy, but more economical since it needs less tannic acid ratio which is 100-fold expensive than the wood flour. Conclusion: Flame retardant compositions are found by adding tannic acid to the existing WPC employing optimal mixture designs. This case study will be helpful to practitioners who try to develop new products with additional physical properties with as small number of experimental trials as possible. Future research direction includes exploring conditions which satisfy both performance level and cost limitation simultaneously.

실험계획법을 이용한 진공유리 Pillar 재료의 혼합비율 최적화

김재경(Kim, Jae-Kyung),전의식(Jeon, Euy-Sik) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

Pillar의 제조 방법은 진공유리 및 반도체 디스플레이 분야에서 사용되는 핵심공정 중 하나이다. Pillar는 스 크린 인쇄 방식을 통하여 배치할 수 있으나 시료의 성분에 따라 메탈마스크의 패턴을 전부 통과하지 못하거나 점도 에 따라 통과된 혼합물이 본래의 형상을 유지 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 알루미나와 실리카 기반의 무 기화합물을 이용하여 스크린 인쇄를 통해 pillar를 배치하였다. 실험계획법의 하나인 혼합물 설계를 이용함으로써 실 험횟수를 줄이고 진공유리 pillar의 조성을 설계할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. The manufacturing method of the pillar is one of the main process where it is used in vacuum glazing and semi-conductor display field. Pillar can be arranged by screen printing method. However it may unable to spread all pattern of metal mask according to the ingredient of the mixture. In addition, spreaded mixture doesn't maintain the original shape according to the viscosity. In this research, the pillar tried to be arranged through the screen printing by using the inorganic compound of the alumina and silica base. This study suggested a method in which it can decrease the test frequency and design the composition of the vacuum glass pillar by using the mixture design.

학술 7 특별구두세션 : PA. 포스터세션 1 ; 전통 천연물의 독성 및 활성 Bio-marker 발굴 및 검증을 위한 실험 설계 및 분석 방법연구

신동석 ( Dong Seok Shin ),정준혁 ( Jun Hyuk Jeong ),신상문 ( Sang Mun Shin ),이홍진 ( Hong Jin Lee ),전향숙 ( Hyang Sook Chun ) 한국품질경영학회 2014 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.2

1. 목적 · 전통 천연물에서 독성을 낮추고 활성을 높이는 천연물을 도출하여 그 구성 물질들 간에 MC/MT 플랫폼을 구축하기 위한 실험이 수행되어왔다. 하지만 천연물 자체의 구성성분 및 상호작용이 다양하고, 전통 천연물의 농도에 따라 독성 및 활성이 복잡하게 작용하기 때문에 기존의 방식으로는 많은 실험을 수행하고도 상호작용 및 전통 천연물의 농도를 고려하지 못하는 문재점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 한방처방 중 태음조위탕을 선정하여 보다 적은 실험횟수로 모든 상호작용 및 농도를 고려할 수 있는 단계적 실험 설계 진략 및 분석 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 2. 연구설계/ 방법론/ 접근방법 · Mixture Screening과 Mixture Design의 일부 동일한 실험점을 활용하여 두 가지 방법을 비교 및 분석을 함으로서 모든 효과를 고려할 수 있는 방법 · 농도의 변화에 따라 독성을 낮추고 활성을 높이는 천연물을 도출하기 위해 Process variable을 단계적으로 고려할수 있는 방법 · 한방처방 중 태음조위탕의 구성성분에 대한 독성과 시너지 효과를 도출 검증 3. 연구결과 · MC/MT 플랫폼 구축을 위한 방법으로서 DoE를 적용하였고, 그 결과 기존의 방식보다 적은 횟수로 반응변수에 영향을 미치는 주효과 및 교호작용을 분석을 통해 전통 천연물에서 독성을 낮추고 활성을 높이는 천연물을 도출하였다. · 전통 천연물 분석에 DoE를 활용하여 농도에 따라 독성을 낮추고 활성을 높이는 천연물을 도출하였다. 4. 실무적 시사점 · 전통 천연물 연구 및 개발에 있어 반응변수에 영향을 미치는 전통 천연물을 도출하는 시간과 비용을 최소화 하고, 정보의 양을 최대화 한다. 5. 독창성/ 가치 · DoE를 활용함으로서 체계적이고 과학적으로 증명된 MC/MT 플랫폼을 구축하고, 전통 천연물의 우수성 입증/지적재산권 확보를 바탕으로 전통 천연물의 세계화를 달성하는데 근간이 될 수 있다.